1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 To be _ I couldnt understand what he was getting at. If you wanted to know youd better ask someone else. （ A） sly （ B） humble （ C） honest （ D） cowardly 2 The middle aged woman has been _ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now. （
2、A） laid down （ B） laid off （ C） laid up （ D） laid in 3 When American astronaut Glen returned to the earth and a hearty welcome _ him, he was considered to be a national hero. （ A） waited for （ B） anticipated （ C） expected （ D） awaited 4 The reception was attended by various _ members of the local co
3、mmunity and representatives of regional industries. （ A） protuberant （ B） conspicuous （ C） prominent （ D） projecting 5 Woody arrived at a most _ moment; I was just getting into the bath. （ A） inopportune （ B） importunate （ C） incongruous （ D） unfitting 6 They _ themselves _ the politician because th
4、ey hoped he would become president one day. At last he did. （ A） connected. with （ B） combined . with （ C） linked. up （ D） attached. to 7 After speaking for three hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, as he had become _. （ A） dumb （ B） inarticulate （ C） hoarse （ D） speechless 8 They are
5、looking for a _ experienced secretary who is capable of organizing a busy sales office. （ A） chartered （ B） mature （ C） graduated （ D） polished 9 Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools _ a quarter system comp
6、rised of fall, winter, and summer quarters. （ A） manipulate （ B） stipulate （ C） regulate （ D） observe 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _ them with physiological events that occur at the same time. （ A） correlate （ B） comply （ C） correspond （ D） pertain 11 Telecommuting substituting the c
7、omputer for the trip to the job-has been _ a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. （ A） hailed as （ B） drawn out （ C） born out （ D） lodged in 12 The _ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not. （ A） crucial （ B） forcible （ C） supreme （ D） val
8、uable 13 Agriculture must, therefore, _ workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved. （ A） yield （ B） succumb （ C） subject （ D） resort 14 Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they
9、 _ radiation better. （ A） stand up to （ B） stand in for （ C） stand up for （ D） stand in with 15 Usually he managed to find plenty of work to _ him over hard times, I think it is a good idea. （ A） chew （ B） blow （ C） flip （ D） tide 16 There is a direct flight at 3:00 or a flight at 7:30 in the mornin
10、g that _ in Los Angeles. （ A） stops by （ B） stops in （ C） stops over （ D） stops up 17 Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into _ to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT. （ A） contending （ B） contesting （ C） contenting （ D） consenting 18 Baroque has be
11、en the term used by art historian for almost a century to _ the dominant style of the period 1600 1750. （ A） determine （ B） designate （ C） devise （ D） depict 19 The teachers behavior and the students response _ what many people have said about language learning. （ A） confine （ B） conform （ C） consen
12、t （ D） confirm 20 Different cultures are more prone to _ certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. （ A） contract （ B） conduct （ C） confine （ D） conquer 21 The students take a _ test in March, and tile main exam is July. （ A） previous （ B） preliminary （ C） preced
13、ed （ D） elementary 22 In recent years there has been a _ increase in the cost of living, many families have to depend on the federal aids. （ A） ponderous （ B） powerful （ C） significant （ D） violent 23 Although tile media have paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the e
14、mployees situations, not the availability of technology, that _ a telecommuting arrangement. （ A） precipitates （ B） reciprocates （ C） anticipates （ D） apprehends 24 She _ for a while and was unable to make a decision, so she asked for my help. （ A） flickered （ B） glittered （ C） faltered （ D） blinked
15、 25 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need _, that is an eternal truth. （ A） modifying （ B） changing （ C） revising （ D） adjusting 26 President Clinton _ power when the US economy was slow. （ A） presumed （ B） consumed （ C） resumed （ D） assumed 27 It didnt seem to have _ to her that once she wa
16、s addicted to drug smoking, she could hardly give it up. But it did happen. （ A） happened （ B） took place （ C） occurred （ D） came about 28 The _ meanings of the individual words do not help define all expression like “Drop in any time.“ （ A） literary （ B） literature （ C） literal （ D） literate 29 Sim
17、ons letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was _. （ A） vague （ B） ambiguous （ C） illegible （ D） obscure 30 The school authority _ against students smoking both in the classrooms and at home. （ A） resolved （ B） determined （ C） banned （ D） prohibited 31 The fund is for _ dis
18、tress among the flood victims in the southern city. （ A） releasing （ B） detracting （ C） relieving （ D） devolve 32 Building this road will _ the construction of ten bridges, then the total cost reaches 1 million US Dollars. （ A） evolve （ B） involve （ C） revolve （ D） devolve 33 Small children can not
19、_ the difference between right and wrong. It is our duty to teach them. （ A） appreciate （ B） enjoy （ C） acknowledge （ D） confess 34 Some people _ in part the defeat of the revolution in France and Germany to the English diplomacy, do you agree? （ A） contributed （ B） attributed （ C） distributed （ D）
20、owned 35 If you plant two apple trees in one square yard of land, and the trees productivity _ decline. （ A） is bound to （ B） is determined to （ C） is unlikely to （ D） is related to 36 Digging the garden with a spade is a very _ task. I am exhausted after such two-hours work. （ A） industrious （ B） m
21、anual （ C） conscientious （ D） laborious 37 To _ the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment. （ A） relinquish （ B） remedy （ C） compensate （ D） redress 38 Paul is an _ worker, and rarely does well in examinatio
22、ns. However he often refuses our help. （ A） errant （ B） erroneous （ C） erratic （ D） exotic 39 Millions of people in the United States suffer from _ back pain that comes from sitting too long at a desk. （ A） chronic （ B） casual （ C） catastrophic （ D） elastic 40 This village which is surrounded by mou
23、ntain is only _ by river, it is obviously that the transportation is inconvenient. （ A） accessible （ B） attainable （ C） available （ D） achievable 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 If you are a fan of science fiction, youve no doubt encountered the term nanotechnology, Yet over the past year also, a series
24、 of breakthroughs have transformed nanotech from sci-fi fantasy into a real-world. Applied science, and in the process, inspired huge investments by business, academia, and government. In industries as diverse as health care, computers, chemicals, and aerospace, nanotech is overhauling production te
25、chniques, resulting in new and improved products, some of which may already be in your home or workplace. The inspiration for nanotech goes back to a 1959 speech by the late physicist Richard Feynman, then a professor at the California Institute of Technology, titled “Theres Plenty of Room at the Bo
26、ttom.“ Four decades later, Chad Mirkin, a Chemistry professor at Northwestern Universitys 34 million nanotech center, used a nanoscale device to etch most of Feynmans speech onto a surface the size of about 10 tobacco smoke particles. What accounts for the sudden acceleration of nanotechnology? A ke
27、y breakthrough came in 1990, when researchers at IBMs Almaden Research Center succeeded in rearranging individual atoms at will. Using a device known as a scanning probe microscope, the team slowly moved 35 atoms to spell the three-letter IBM logo, thus proving Feynman fight. The entire Logo was les
28、s than three nanometers. Soon, scientists were not only manipulating individual atoms but “spray painting“ with them as well. Using a tool known as a molecular beam epitaxy, scientists have learned to create ultra fine films of specialized crystals, built up one molecular layer at a time. This is th
29、e technology used today to build read-head components for computer hard drives. The next stage in the development of nanotechnology borrows a page from nature. Building a super-computer no bigger than a speck of dust might seem an impossible task, until one realizes that evolution solved such proble
30、ms more than a billion years ago. Living ceils contain all sorts of nanoscale motors made of proteins that perform myriad mechanical and chemical functions, from muscle contraction to photosynthesis. In some instances, such motors may be re-engineered, or imitated, to produce products and processes
31、useful to humans. How are these biologically inspired machines constructed? Often, they construct themselves, manifesting a phenomenon of nature known as self assembly. The macromolecules of such biological machines have exactly the right shape and chemical binding preferences to ensure that when th
32、ey combine they will snap together in predesigned ways. For example, the two strands that make up DNAs double helix match each other exactly, which means that if they are separated in a complex chemical mixture, they are still able to find each other easily. 41 It can be inferred that Richard Feynma
33、n has been _ now. （ A） dead （ B） decent （ C） prominent （ D） popular 42 Who proved that Feymans concept, “Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom“ was right? （ A） Chad Mirkin at Northwestern University （ B） Researchers at Almaden Research Center （ C） Scientists manipulating atoms and “spray painting“ （ D
34、） A professor at the California Institute of Technology 43 Scientists created ultra fine films of specialized crystals by means of _. （ A） a scanning probe microscope （ B） a nanoscale device （ C） a molecular beam epitaxy （ D） a super computer 44 Which of the following is the function that nanoscale
35、motors perform? （ A） rearranging individual atoms （ B） manipulating individual atoms （ C） producing products and process （ D） photosynthesis and muscle concentration 45 According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT _. （ A） The two strands making up DNAs double helix can f
36、ind each other easily in a complex chemical mixture （ B） Evolution has solved the problem of building a computer smaller than a speck of dust a long time before （ C） DNA not only programs cells to replicate themselves but also instructs them how to assemble individual molecules into new materials （
37、D） The read-head components for computer hard drives are constructed by means of the technology known as a molecular beam epitaxy 45 With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are
38、 several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one. First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the sa
39、me explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance. You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim. Dont panic and liquidate your stocks
40、 and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weeke
41、nd. Make a note of your job hunting expenses, such as career counselors consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your fir
42、st job). Most companies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them. But it doesnt mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-
43、employees right to stay in the companys health care plan. However, the company will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good option compared to no health insurance at all. Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is
44、 your 401 (k) account. A 401 (k) is the retirement fund that most companies offer. Its named after section 401 (k) in the Internal Revenue Services policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401 (k) fund manager you
45、r employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your ex-employer for a while. Its always a good idea to compare your new employers 4
46、01 (k) plan with your old one. Every company offers different types of investment options, from overseas stocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you do want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you
47、 make the transition. Dont forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworkers. Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have made at your old job. Remember to anchor yo
48、urself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier. 46 According to paragraph 1, in the United States, _. （ A） most industries stay unaffected by global economic recession （ B） each and every company spares no effort to survive the fierce competition （ C） compul
49、sory redundancy is going on in every industry （ D） employees are laid off because they are not qualified for their jobs 47 The word “interim“ most probably means _. （ A） interval （ B） hard time （ C） transitional period （ D） emergency 48 Whats the point of saving the receipts of job-searching expense? （ A） To get reductions at t
