1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The chairman of the company said that new techniques had_ improved their production efficiency. （ A） violently （ B） severely （ C） extremely （ D） radically 2 The local authorities realized the need to make_for elderly people in their housing program
2、mes. （ A） preparation （ B） requirement （ C） specification （ D） provision 3 The guest team was beaten by the host team 2_4 in last years CFA Cup Final. （ A） over （ B） in （ C） to （ D） against 4 The police let him go, because they didnt find him guilty_the murder. （ A） of （ B） in （ C） over （ D） on 5 As
3、 a developing country, we must keep_with the rapid development of the world economy. （ A） move （ B） step （ C） speed （ D） pace 6 Many people are_to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. （ A） insensitive （ B） allergic （ C） sensible （ D） infected 7 When youre driving on a motorway, you mu
4、st obey the signs telling you to get into the right_. （ A） way （ B） track （ C） road （ D） lane 8 The motorist had to_to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. （ A） swerve （ B） twist （ C） depart （ D） swing 9 In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from_on icy roads. （
5、A） skating （ B） skidding （ C） sliding （ D） slipping 10 This project would_a huge increase in defense spending. （ A） result （ B） assure （ C） entail （ D） accomplish 11 The chances of a repetition of those unfortunate events are_in deed. （ A） distant （ B） slim （ C） unlikely （ D） narrow 12 We should mak
6、e a clear_between “ competent“ and “ proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion. （ A） separation （ B） division （ C） distinction （ D） difference 13 In the present economic_we can make even greater progress than previously. （ A） air （ B） mood （ C） area （ D） climate 14 Rite of Passage is a good nov
7、el by any standards;_, it should rank high on any list of science fiction. （ A） consistently （ B） consequently （ C） invariably （ D） fortunately 15 The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly_source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. （ A） exploited （ B
8、） controversial （ C） inexhaustible （ D） remarkable 16 While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time_some important museums and buildings. （ A） visiting （ B） traveling （ C） watching （ D） touring 17 You must let me have the annual report without_by ten oclock tomorrow morning. （ A） failure （ B） hesit
9、ation （ C） trouble （ D） fail 18 As the director cant come to the reception, Im representing the company_. （ A） on his account （ B） on his behalf （ C） for his part （ D） in his interest 19 Dreams are_in themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer. （ A） uninf
10、ormative （ B） startling （ C） harmless （ D） uncontrollable 20 During the famine, many people were_to going without food for days. （ A） sunk （ B） reduced （ C） forced （ D） declined 二、 Cloze 20 Depending on whether you believe in principle or the art of the possible, the United Nations new proposal for
11、the future of Western Sahara is either a betrayal or a dogged【 C1】_at a settlement It suggests that for the next four years Western Sahara should be a part of Morocco【 C2】 _will【 C3】 _the Moroccan flag and【 C4】 _the Moroccan constitution, but at the same time it will be“autonomous“. After four years
12、 there may-but only may-be a referendum to decide whether it stays Moroccan or becomes a separate state. Morocco invaded this corner of north-west Africa in 1975 when the old colonial power, Spain, was preparing to【 C5】 _out The International Court of Justice ruled the Moroccan occupation【 C6】 _.and
13、 a nasty little war ensued between Morocco and an independence movement, the Polisario Front They signed a【 C7】 _in 1991 , and agreed to a vote on the future of the territory. 【 C8】 _by the UN. Instead of grinding【 C9】 _an appeals procedure, or declaring Morocco to be in【 C10】_.the UN now appears to
14、 have decided to abandon the whole exercise. The result may be virtually to hand the country【 C11】 _to Morocco. The new plan, drawn up by James Baker, a former American secretary of state, 【 C12】_that (he agreed list of voters should elect an executive that will. 【 C13】 _the countrys internal affair
15、s for the next four years. 【 C14】 _, this executive will be responsible to an assembly elected by all adults now living in the territory, most of【 C15】 _are pro Moroccan. After four years the assembly will appoint a new executive. Morocco will also appoint the judges and be responsible for law and o
16、rder during the transition. 21 【 C1】 （ A） attempt （ B） effort （ C） try （ D） endeavor 22 【 C2】 （ A） where （ B） that （ C） in which （ D） what 23 【 C3】 （ A） fly （ B） be flied （ C） flying （ D） flied 24 【 C4】 （ A） by （ B） in （ C） at （ D） under 25 【 C5】 （ A） drag （ B） draw （ C） pull （ D） haul 26 【 C6】 （ A）
17、 legally （ B） illegally （ C） conventionally （ D） unconventionally 27 【 C7】 （ A） contract （ B） peace （ C） ceasefire （ D） treaty 28 【 C8】 （ A） controlled （ B） overseen （ C） supervised （ D） administrated 29 【 C9】 （ A） through （ B） by （ C） in （ D） at 30 【 C10】 （ A） failure （ B） default （ C） irresponsibi
18、lity （ D） responsibility 31 【 C11】 （ A） over （ B） in （ C） down （ D） on 32 【 C12】 （ A） offers （ B） advises （ C） intends （ D） proposes 33 【 C13】 （ A） manipulate （ B） rule （ C） control （ D） run 34 【 C14】 （ A） Moreover （ B） However （ C） Therefore （ D） Hence 35 【 C15】 （ A） whom （ B） that （ C） which （ D）
19、who 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity.
20、 There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-
21、income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, an
22、d increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees. In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the communitys total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a t
23、ime of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts. For these reasons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is
24、suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. Once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any furt
25、her increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase. 36 “Historical patterns“ mentioned in the passage means that in mild inflation_. （ A） there will be more production and employment （ B） private investment will be moderate and peoples income influenced （ C） the bad effe
26、cts of the two evils will be associated with each other （ D） industrial revolution made men and women more equal 37 Which of the following happens if there is mild inflation? （ A） Everyone loses because of the increase of prices. （ B） Retired people do experience any influence. （ C） Creditors gain r
27、ather than lose with a rise in interest rates. （ D） Some people gain more while other lose. 38 In times of inflation_. （ A） people like private or public investment （ B） there is usually full plant capacity （ C） creditors suffer more than other people （ D） everyone suffers and no one gains 39 The au
28、thors attitude towards investment is that_. （ A） the more the investment, the better the economy （ B） private investment is better than public investment （ C） investment should be set to a limit （ D） investment at the time of inflation is considered better than at the time of deflation 40 Which of t
29、he following is clearly the authors own opinion? （ A） The lesser of the two evils is not deflation but inflatioa （ B） Peoples income is influenced by both inflation and deflation. （ C） Investment is good in times of deflation and unemployment （ D） Private and public investment can cause inflation du
30、ring deflation. 41 From the article we can see that the inflation can affect following except_. （ A） Price （ B） Employment （ C） Social wealth （ D） Capacity 41 Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read; Fragile; Handle with Care. It will never so, these days to go around refe
31、rring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “ social misfits“. The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medi
32、cine. He is in need of “hospital treatment“. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the ni
33、neteenth century and this is only right But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment The violent criminal has become akin of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the scree
34、n; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his “memoirs“. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or “murder mysteries“ have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the g
35、reat train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and recei
36、ves VIP treatment wherever he goes. Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail It prevented unarmed policemen fr
37、om being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence“ do
38、es not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, of he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of und
39、er-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair-play, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldnt, because all the victims were dead. 42 What is the main idea of the text? （ A） So
40、ciety is to blame for the rising crime. （ B） All the criminals are to be sympathized. （ C） Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals. （ D） Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime. 43 In the authors opinion, all the following are to blame for crime EXCEPT_. （ A） society （ B） the crimina
41、ls themselves （ C） the suspension of life sentence （ D） the defenders role 44 The word “deterrent“(Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means “_“. （ A） threat （ B） delay （ C） determination （ D） hindrance 45 What is the tone of the text? （ A） Critical. （ B） Cynical （ C） Ironic. （ D） Humorous. 46 What is th
42、e authors attitude toward capital punishment? （ A） Negative. （ B） Sympathetic. （ C） Supportive. （ D） Neutral. 47 From third passage we can see that_. （ A） Capital punishment is really effective （ B） Capital punishment may work （ C） Capital punishment （ D） Capital punishment is sure to protect the po
43、liceman in other hand 47 The gravitational pull of the Earth and moon is important to us as we attempt to conquer more and more of outer-space. Heres why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between
44、 the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon.
45、An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this “point of no return“ in order to get it to the moon. The moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a prob
46、lem. The Earths gravitational field reaches far closer to the moon man does the moons to Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earths gravitational pull. The problem o
47、f rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the rocket after it leaves the Earths surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the mo
48、on by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until “captured“ in another planets gravitational field. To reach the moon, a rocket must be fired toward the point where the moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the sp
49、eed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the moon. For a rocket to arrive at a point where the moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25, 000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle t
