1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The computer can be programmed to_a whole variety of tasks. （ A） assign （ B） tackle （ C） realize （ D） solve 2 The teams efforts to score were_by the opposing goalkeeper. （ A） frustrated （ B） prevented （ C） discouraged （ D） accomplished 3 I only kno
2、w the man by_but I have never spoken to him. （ A） chance （ B） heart （ C） sight （ D） experience 4 Being colour-blind, Sally cant make a_between red and greea （ A） difference （ B） distinction （ C） comparison （ D） division 5 You must insist that students give a truthful answer_with the reality of their
3、 world. （ A） relevant （ B） simultaneous （ C） consistent （ D） practical 6 In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to_ with some of her most treasured possessions. （ A） divide （ B） separate （ C） part （ D） abandon 7 The car was in good working_when I bought it a few months ago. （ A） order （ B） form （
4、C） state （ D） circumstance 8 The customer expressed her_for that broad hat （ A） disapproval （ B） distaste （ C） dissatisfaction （ D） dismay 9 In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be_. （ A） restless （ B） skilled （ C） strong （ D） versatile 10 His
5、 expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_to his income. （ A） comparison （ B） proportion （ C） association （ D） calculation 11 Although he has become rich, he is still very_of his money. （ A） economic （ B） thrifty （ C） frugal （ D） careful 12 As the manager was away on a business trip, I
6、 was asked to_the weekly staff meeting. （ A） preside （ B） introduce （ C） chair （ D） dominate 13 The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. （ A） origin （ B） generation （ C） descent （ D） cause 14 The police have offered a large_for information leading to the robbers arrest （ A） aw
7、ard （ B） compensation （ C） prize （ D） reward 15 I arrived at the airport so late that I_missed the plane. （ A） only （ B） quite （ C） narrowly （ D） seldom 16 The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers fears were completely_. （ A） unjustified （ B） unjust （ C） misguided （ D） unaccepted 17 The h
8、ead of the Museum was_and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. （ A） promising （ B） agreeing （ C） pleasing （ D） obliging 18 The multinational corporation was making a take-over_for a property company. （ A） application （ B） bid （ C） proposal （ D） suggestion 19 The partys reduced vote was_o
9、f lack of support for its policies. （ A） indicative （ B） positive （ C） revealing （ D） evident 20 There has been a_lack of communication between the union and the management （ A） regretful （ B） regrettable （ C） regretting （ D） regretted 二、 Cloze 20 Americas Federal Reserve cut interest rates by anoth
10、er quarter-point, to 3.75%. Wall Street, which had been【 C1】 _for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2%【 C2】 _the week. The past weeks economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, largely【 C3】 _a decline in high-tech investment【 C4】 _;
11、the merchandise-trade【 C5】_widened to $ 458 billion in the 12 months【 C6】 _April. 【 C7】 _, the Conference Boards index of consumer confidence was higher than【 C8】 _in June. Concerns【 C9】 _inflation in the Euro area【 C10】 _. Preliminary data【 C11】 _that German consumer price inflation fell to 3. l%in
12、 the year to June, from 3.5% in May; wage growth【 C12】 _to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the【 C13】 _of recessioa The IFO index of business confidence dropped more 【 C14】 _than expected in May, and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP【 C15】 _this
13、year to only 1.2% , well below the German governments forecast of 2%. 21 【 C1】 （ A） expecting （ B） hoping （ C） wishing （ D） dreaming 22 【 C2】 （ A） in （ B） above （ C） during （ D） about 23 【 C3】 （ A） because of （ B） since （ C） because （ D） thanks to 24 【 C4】 （ A） at home （ B） home （ C） from abroad （ D
14、） abroad 25 【 C5】 （ A） deficit （ B） shortage （ C） scarcity （ D） shortfall 26 【 C6】 （ A） to （ B） until （ C） up （ D） onto 27 【 C7】 （ A） Although （ B） Therefore （ C） However （ D） Hence 28 【 C8】 （ A） projected （ B） planned （ C） predicted （ D） expected 29 【 C9】 （ A） on （ B） for （ C） of （ D） over 30 【 C10
15、】 （ A） stopped （ B） eased （ C） relieved （ D） improved 31 【 C11】 （ A） showed （ B） demonstrated （ C） illustrated （ D） explained 32 【 C12】 （ A） reduced （ B） cut （ C） slow （ D） lessened 33 【 C13】 （ A） edge （ B） rim （ C） lip （ D） brink 34 【 C14】 （ A） harshly （ B） huskily （ C） stricdy （ D） severely 35 【 C
16、15】 （ A） growth （ B） rise （ C） increase （ D） escalation 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will be have like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior
17、 problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the
18、best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服 ) it Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary
19、 to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “ come here, sit, “ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack
20、 (群 ) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从 属的 ) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relations
21、hip and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal 36 Behavior problems of dogs are believed to_. （ A） be just part of their nature （ B） worsen in modern society （ C） occur when they go
22、 wild （ D） present a threat to the community 37 The primary purpose of obedience training is to_. （ A） teach the dog to perform clever tricks （ B） make the dog aware to its owners authority （ C） provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior （ D） enable the dog to regain its normal behavior 38 E
23、ffective communication between a dog and its owner is _. （ A） essential to solving the dogs behavior problems （ B） the foundation for dogs to perform tasks （ C） a good way to teach the dog new tricks （ D） an extreme measure in obedience training 39 Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their ma
24、sters? （ A） To avoid being punished. （ B） To show their affection for their masters. （ C） To win leadership of the dog pack. （ D） To show their willingness to obey. 40 When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner_. （ A） can give the dog more rewards （ B） will enjoy a better family
25、 life （ C） can give the dog more freedom （ D） will have more confidence in himself 41 The best title for this article is_. （ A） Proper Training makes a Dog （ B） Importance of Training to Dog （ C） How to train a Dog （ D） Why is Dog so Obedient 41 Engineering students are supposed to be examples of pr
26、acticality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of goo
27、d labs and research equipment But thats not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科 ) university mat doesnt even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would
28、 provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who werent studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and matu
29、re beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories“ where they didnt care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer; technical genius and sensitive humani
30、st(人文学者 ) all in one. Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering
31、students try to reconcile(协调 ) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to becoming the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very di
32、fferent ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult 42 The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_. （ A） wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality （ B） intended to be a combination of e
33、ngineer and humanist （ C） wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college （ D） intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals 43 According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can （ A） balance engineering and the liberal ar
34、ts （ B） receive guidance in their careers （ C） become noble idealists （ D） broaden their horizons 44 In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected_. （ A） to have an excellent academic record （ B） to be wise and mature （ C） to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
35、（ D） to be a technical genius with a wide vision 45 The authors experience shows that he was_. （ A） creative （ B） ambitious （ C） unrealistic （ D） irrational 46 The word “they“ in “together they threaten to confuse. “ (Line 3, Para.5) refers to_. （ A） engineering and the liberal arts （ B） reality and
36、 noble ideals （ C） flexibility and a value system （ D） practicality and rationality 47 In the first sentence of last passage, the word “block“ can be best replaced with_. （ A） Prevent （ B） Back （ C） Mislead （ D） Avoid 47 Priscilla Ouchidas “energy-efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream.
37、When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $ 100, 000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned(双层玻璃的 ) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple mov
38、ed in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛 ) gas in her kitchen was twice the
39、maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt
40、 new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along, “ says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. “ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly construc
41、ted homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built
42、up to dangerous levels. 48 It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house_. （ A） is well worth the money spent on its construction （ B） is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation （ C） failed to meet energy conservation standards （ D） was designed and constructed in a scien
43、tific way 49 What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream? （ A） Lack of fresh air. （ B） Poor quality of building materials. （ C） Gas leakage in the kitchen. （ D） The newly painted walls 50 The word “ accentuate“ (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means “_“. （ A） relieve （ B） accelerate （ C） worsen
44、 （ D） improve 51 Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern? （ A） Because indoor cleanness was not emphasized. （ B） Because energy used to be inexpensive. （ C） Because environmental protection was given top priority. （ D） Because they were technically unavoidable. 52 This passage is most probab
45、ly taken from an article entitled “_“. （ A） Energy Conservation （ B） House Building Crisis （ C） Air Pollution Indoors （ D） Traps in Building Construction 53 According to the article, which following statement is not true ? （ A） Tightly sealed house may be harmful in another aspect （ B） The house is
46、unsealed to prevent the air from leaking （ C） The air always leaks from cracks （ D） New house is worse than old one in the aspect of indoor pollution 53 In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料 ) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum
47、 cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场 ) . The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunat
48、ely, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用 ) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life - and until economic arrangement
