1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our_almost two hours later. （ A） designation （ B） destiny （ C） destination （ D） dignity 2 The negotiations which_the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years. （ A） preceded （ B） pre
2、scribed （ C） proceeded （ D） processed 3 Americans are highly_, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others. （ A） moving （ B） mobile （ C） movable （ D） motional 4 The Untied States and Canada are lands of_except for the Indians, who are the only true natives. （ A） emigran
3、ts （ B） immigrants （ C） dwellers （ D） inhabitants 5 There was a noisy_at the back of the hall when the speaker began his address. （ A） interaction （ B） irritation （ C） disturbance （ D） interruption 6 The patient is not in good condition, so do not_your visit （ A） lengthen （ B） delay （ C） extend （ D）
4、 prolong 7 Violence is just one of the many problems_in city life. （ A） abundant （ B） inherent （ C） substantial （ D） coherent 8 Trees that_the view of the oncoming traffic should be cut down. （ A） block （ B） inhibit （ C） spoil （ D） alter 9 He gave his work to his friend to . because he found it hard
5、 to see his own mistakes. （ A） adjust （ B） compile （ C） revise （ D） verify 10 A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in_this system. （ A） defining （ B） implying （ C） reducing （ D） perfecting 11 Complicated_it is, the problem can be solved in only 2 hours with an electronic compute
6、r. （ A） like （ B） as （ C） however （ D） even if 12 He promised me a letter;he ought to_it days ago. （ A） have written （ B） write （ C） had written （ D） be writing 13 Please excuse me if I have left any of my questions_. （ A） to be unanswered （ B） not to answer （ C） unanswered （ D） being unanswered 14
7、Mary has brown hair. In fact, its quite similar in shape_yours. （ A） with （ B） to （ C） like （ D） as 15 “Is George really leaving the.university?“Yes, but would you mind_to anyone?“ （ A） not to mention it （ B） not mention it （ C） not mentioning it （ D） not to mentioning it 16 The Japanese take pride
8、in doing a job and getting it done _much time is required. （ A） no matter how （ B） the matter so （ C） in a matter of （ D） for the matter of 17 “What do they eat in Hawaii?“_eat rice rather than potatoes. “ （ A） Most of people （ B） Most of the people （ C） The most of people （ D） The most people 18 It
9、 is_who decides whether the accused is innocent or guilty. （ A） the jury and only jury （ B） the jury and only the jury （ C） only the jury and jury （ D） the jury and the only jury 19 Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked_
10、. （ A） too long a time （ B） a long time too （ C） much time long （ D） long much time 20 Mountain biking demands hill walking strength as well as track-riding skills. Initially, choose gentle routes among familiar terrain or risk_shoulder-carriers! （ A） long-term （ B） elongated （ C） prolonged （ D） len
11、gthened 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 The history of responds to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444 1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted
12、awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine , Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation
13、adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes. ) The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficul
14、t to understand; most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed th
15、e technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, h
16、e showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis w
17、ork to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect an
18、alysis of Botticellis personality) , inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908.
19、 Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as en
20、ds in themselves rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticellis achievements. 21 Which of
21、the following would be the best title for the text? （ A） The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals. （ B） Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation （ C） The History of CriticsResponses to Art Works. （ D） Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Study. 22 We can learn from the text that
22、 art critics have a history of_ （ A） suppressing painters art initiatives. （ B） favoring a Botticellis best paintings. （ C） rejecting traditional art characteristics. （ D） undervaluing Botticellis achievements. 23 The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis products are_ （ A） identical. （ B） complem
23、entary. （ C） opposite. （ D） similar. 24 The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means_ （ A） representatives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement （ B） people who are in favor of Florentine. （ C） critics who are likely to make assessments. （ D） conservatives clinging to classical art 24 In the n
24、ext century well be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my oval benefit, to inflict the curse upo
25、n everlasting generations?“ Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies? Probably not Instead, well reach again for a time-tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Rant, the millenniums most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative:
26、 Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end. Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humansends and valuing them as copies of others we loved
27、 or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender
28、and sexuality). The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and famines. But the state will have an important role, maki
29、ng sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us. Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the
30、 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry-ware“ machine, s
31、o that we could live on without the “wet-ware“ of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st centurys revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and get back to real science. 25 Dr. Frankensteins
32、remarks are mentioned in the text_ （ A） to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs. （ B） to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends. （ C） to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago. （ D） to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in
33、biotechnology. 26 It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed_ （ A） excessively and extravagantly. （ B） reasonably and cautiously. （ C） aggressively and indiscriminately. （ D） openly and enthusiastically. 27 From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is
34、of the opinion that_ （ A） DNA technology should be placed, in the charge of individuals. （ B） government should assume less control over individuals. （ C） people need government to protect their DNA information （ D） old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning. 27 Before a big exam, a sou
35、nd nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says t
36、hat sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited“ at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstak
37、ing work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth
38、behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced
39、a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance
40、of the lights sometimes followed a pattern what is referred to as “artificial grammar“. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the “grammar“ , as well as the mechanical ta
41、sk of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing“ theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they wok
42、e up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt So now, on the eve of that cruc
43、ial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door. 28 Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to_ （ A） how dreams are modified in their courses
44、. （ B） the difference between sleep and wakefulness. （ C） why sleep is of great benefit to memory. （ D） the functions of a good nights sleep. 29 As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by_ （ A） intensely active brainwave traces. （ B） subjectsquicker response time
45、s. （ C） complicated memory patterns. （ D） revival of events in the previous day. 30 By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show_ （ A） its significance in the study. （ B） an inherent pattern being learnt （ C） its resemblance to the lights. （ D） the importance of nights sleep. 3
46、0 Medical consumerism like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly is designed to be satisfying. (51) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher pe
47、rcentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. (52)Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglec
48、t as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean. What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources not least medical ones, like ill
49、egal steroids are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism the “abolition“ of death would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. (53) To air these predicaments is not antimedical spleen a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without respons
