1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 165及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 What do you do to【 1】 care of the books in your library? Some of the most collectors【 2】 to read the books
2、 in their collection;【 3】 the books remain in mint【 4】 . Others buy two copies of a book; they【 5】 one, and leave the other untouched. Many readers must read their books,【 6】 they still want to protect and care for the volumes. Here are some tips to remember【 7】 you want your books to remain in good
3、 condition. Firstly, avoid Writing. You may have been told to【 8】 in the margins of your books, or even to underline or highlight words, phrases, and paragraphs. But, if you plan to【 9】 the book, add it to your library, or even sell it - dont write in the book. The ink permanently damages your book.
4、 Use a journal or notebook to take【 10】 on pages or use pieces of paper or Post-It notes. If you are【 11】 to write in your book, use a pencil, and erase the markings. Secondly, avoid Food and Drink. Food and Liquids which are hazards to your books. The best practice is to avoid eating or drinking【 1
5、2】 you read. If you need to read while you eat, make sure your fingers are clean and dry as you hold the book or turn the pages. Also,【 13】 the book away from the food and drink. Check the table or other surfaces for water, crumbs, and stickiness【 14】 you put your book【 15】 . Finally, take care. Whe
6、n you handle your book, hold it【 16】 care. When you read the book, dont【 17】 down the corners of the pages and use a bookmark instead. Dont fold the【 18】 of the book back. Dont break the binding; and dont【 19】 your book with the book【 20】 , face-down. Use a book cover to keep your books in the best
7、condition. （ A） put （ B） get （ C） take （ D） give （ A） refuse （ B） accept （ C） refute （ D） receive （ A） but （ B） then （ C） so （ D） still （ A） condition （ B） station （ C） environment （ D） surrounding （ A） speak （ B） read （ C） touch （ D） collect （ A） so （ B） and （ C） also （ D） but （ A） if （ B） unless （
8、 C） which （ D） since （ A） underline （ B） write （ C） symbol （ D） document （ A） exhaust （ B） keep （ C） decorate （ D） reserve （ A） quiz （ B） subject （ C） notes （ D） extracts （ A） understood （ B） believed （ C） forced （ D） required （ A） while （ B） before （ C） after （ D） since （ A） take （ B） keep （ C） bri
9、ng （ D） give （ A） after （ B） until （ C） before （ D） when （ A） down （ B） away （ C） up （ D） off （ A） for （ B） to （ C） with （ D） in （ A） break （ B） fold （ C） snap （ D） convert （ A） envelope （ B） definition （ C） content （ D） cover （ A） locate （ B） placate （ C） place （ D） dispose （ A） occasional （ B） ope
10、n （ C） obvious （ D） outstanding Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 We often hear advice from the dermatologists, “ You should keep using sunscreen creamjust to be safe“. More and mo
11、re people are questioning about sunscream. Can sunscreen cream help protect me against melanomas? How safe are we in applying these chemical cocktails? Does it actually stop melanomas, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, from forming? As is known to all, sunscreen cream can protect the skin from
12、 the harmful effects of sun. The most important function of it is the prevention of skin cancer. A great number of American people like to use it. Surprisingly , this kind of cancer is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States. It seems that sunscreen actually increas
13、es the risk of skin cancer. More and more health experts are taking a discommendable attitude to the application of sunscreen. Researchers show that the earlier finding has many flaws and is unable to prove the exact function because they fail to take into account many exceptional cases. For instanc
14、e, some people prefer to use sunscreen cream while going out. However, sunscreen cream users suffer from cancer more often. In fact, sunscreen cream allows people to remain exposed in the sun longer. People are likely to get skin problem under the sunshine for a long time. Besides, many people use t
15、he sunscreen cream in an inappropriate way. The sunscreen cream should be applied about half an hour before going outside, so the time is enough for the sunscreen to soak in and take effect. In fact, the protection of sunscreen will not last indefinitely. It should be reapplied at least every two ho
16、urs when people stay outdoors for a prolonged period. After swimming, bathing, perspiring heavily, or drying off with a towel or handkerchief, you had better reapply it, too. Millions of gallons of sunscreen cream are consumed each year. Only 5% of products overall met the criteria for safety and su
17、nscreen effectiveness. Three of five brand-name products can not protect the skin from sun damage sufficiently or they contain hazardous chemicals, according to a report by Environmental Working Group (EWG). It is time to change our misunderstanding now. In fact, besides the sunshine-preventing func
18、tion, it also has the function of protecting our skin. We all know that the sun impacts collagen production in the skin, and without collagen, skin wont naturally maintain that plump, moist, youthful , wrinkle-free look . Without the protection of sunscreen cream, just a few minutes of daily sun exp
19、osure over the years can cause noticeable changes in skin. Sunscreen cream can protect our skin from these damaging rays, so that even if we do spend time outdoors, our face is less likely to give away our age. 21 What can we learn from the first paragraph? （ A） Sunscreen cream is essential in peopl
20、es life. （ B） The dermatologists prefer to attribute the skin problems to sunshine. （ C） People agree with the dermatologists opinion on using sunscreen cream. （ D） Sunscreen cream actually increases the risk of skin cancer. 22 Which of the following is true according to the passage? （ A） People cou
21、ld get skin problems using sunscreen cream. （ B） People had better not reuse sunscreen cream when they are outside. （ C） Sunscreen cream can not function after a long period. （ D） We should abandon handkerchiefs to deal with skin problems. 23 The word “met“ in Paragraph Three, Line Two probably refe
22、rs to （ A） see （ B） discover （ C） reach （ D） act 24 What is mainly discussed in the text? （ A） How to use sunscreen cream better （ B） The different opinions on sunscreen cream （ C） Connection between cancer and sunscreen （ D） Research on the new functions of sunscreen cream 25 According to the text,
23、 what is not the attitude of the writer? （ A） The writer has changed the prejudiced opinion on sunscreen cream. （ B） The writer advises people to use sunscreen cream regularly. （ C） The writer persuades the people to put the sunscreen to everyday use. （ D） The writer is supporting the new findings o
24、n sunscreen cream. 25 Bacteria are microscopic organisms which live on the surface of objects. They are one of the most ancient living things, which exist on this planet for nearly 4,000 million years. Do you know the size of bacteria? It can only be measured in microns. Maybe you have not a standar
25、d in your mind how long a micron is. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter, which equals about the diameter of a pinhead. Therefore, even if we enlarged the rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would only be the size of a pinhead. We barely see bacteria by a magnification an ordinary microsco
26、pe of 100 times, even if we try, we cannot make out anything of their structure. There are normally millions of them together, for they can multiply really fast. Scientists have found that some bacteria have attached to wavy-looking “hairs“ called flagella. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria
27、through the water. Others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. They are active all the time. Even the bacteria without flagella often bound about in the water. They ar
28、e pushed here and there, colliding with the watery molecules. Bacteria cannot be detected because they dont produce bad odor or change the color or texture of the food. Therefore, when people eat the food with many bacteria, they are likely to get hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis and a host of oth
29、er illnesses. Many households have refrigerators to prevent from bacteria. Of course, freezing food slows or stops the growth of bacteria, however, when food is thawed, the bacteria will become reactivated. Bacteria can not be totally destroyed before the food is thoroughly cooked. We need to know t
30、hat not all bacteria are in connection with illness. Just some bacteria can cause disease. They are called pathogenic bacteria. Fortunately our immune system can protect us from them. Bacteria are prokaryotes (single cells that do not contain a nucleus). It may seem weird to classify organisms accor
31、ding to such details, but with or without a nucleus is not trivial at all. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (all organisms with a nucleus inside their cells) is of extreme importance in biology, and is the result of a major evolutionary breakthrough. Visit our program tomorrow if you
32、want to know more, thank you. 26 Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? （ A） Bacteria are as big as a pinhead. （ B） Bacteria can not be seen by an ordinary microscope. （ C） Bacteria are hard to see because they often live together. （ D） Bacteria are very small so they can o
33、nly be measured in microns. 27 Which statement is not true about flagella? （ A） Flagella are part of bacteria. （ B） Flagella help bacteria to move. （ C） Flagella are always going round and round. （ D） Flagella are like waves. 28 What is the meaning of “collide“ in the second paragraph? （ A） strike （
34、 B） connect （ C） bounce （ D） mix 29 Which of the following ways can help people prevent from bacteria? （ A） Smell and have a careful look at the food. （ B） Only eat the food stored in refrigerator. （ C） Ensure the food is totally heated before eating. （ D） Eat the food before they are thawed. 30 Wha
35、t can be inferred from the last paragraph? （ A） Whether or not to have a nucleus is important in biology. （ B） The speaker will tell us how to distinguish bacteria tomorrow. （ C） Evolution will be the main topic, of the program next time. （ D） Eukaryotes develop from prokaryotes. 30 As the volcano e
36、rupts in Iceland, more and more people are beginning to concern about the damage volcanic eruption brings. Then, let us learn the influence of volcanic eruption together. We all know that air pollution has an effect on the worlds average air temperature. Scientists declare that volcanic eruption lea
37、ds to weather changes, which is similar to air pollution. How will volcanic eruption impact on weather? Volcanic eruption throws hundreds of millions tons of ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads in a few days. However, this is not the end. The ash will remain in the air for year
38、s. Hereby, all the ash turns incoming solar radiation into space, which cools the earth. The eruption would affect every level of ecosystem, from worms to primates. The problem is not only the physical destruction of habitat, but also the sulfur gases over the area. The volcanic eruption makes many
39、people homeless who have to search for food and residence everywhere. The movement of the population and refugees may lead to some instability in the region. They may become one part to damage the environment in face of starvation threat. If the lava pours into lakes, the water will be severely cont
40、aminated. The unusual accumulation of carbon dioxide in the lower strata of lakes basin may even cause explosions. The volcanic eruption is a huge disaster for human beings. It will cause massive dislocation in the local place. The Iceland volcano is a good example. More than 63,000 flights had been
41、 canceled in 23 European countries, which is severe blow on the economy. Travelers had to give up their journeys. Fresh foods get decayed because of delayed transportation. The factories are not able to operate for lack of machinery parts. In other parts of the world, people canceled their flights t
42、o and from Europe, according to the Air Transport Association (ATA). This condition has an awful influence on the world economy. Large quantities of dust and gaseous material will be injected into the upper atmosphere as a result of explosive eruptions. The volcano spurts a kind of glassy material w
43、ith sharp edges, which is cooled by tiny shards of molten rock. The air is mixed with such material at a microscopic level. As a result, it will contribute to a worldwide rise in deaths of respiratory diseases. 31 From the second paragraph we learn that （ A） Pollution causes a drop in the worlds ave
44、rage air temperature. （ B） Solar radiation will causes a drop in the air temperature. （ C） The ash of volcanic eruption will last for a long time. （ D） The ash in the stratosphere has no direct influence on people on land. 32 The fourth paragraph of the text implies that （ A） all the flights in Euro
45、pean countries are cancelled because of volcano eruption. （ B） Things are closely related to each other. （ C） because of vocalnic eruption, fewer tourists visit restaurants which leads to food corruption. （ D） factories are the biggest victims of volcano eruption. 33 What does the underlined word me
46、an in the last paragraph? （ A） send out （ B） come in （ C） take in （ D） bring about 34 According to the whole passage, how many aspects are referred as for volcanic eruptions influence? （ A） 5 （ B） 6 （ C） 4 （ D） 3 35 The author of the passage intends to show that （ A） limitation of human beings abili
47、ty to disasters. （ B） damage of volcanic eruption to the environment. （ C） prospect of the volcano eruptions administration. （ D） impact of volcanic eruption. 35 As one of the biggest restaurants in the world, McDonalds origination and development has been a miracle in this field. The McDonalds stor
48、y began in 1954 in San Bernardino, California. At first, the restaurant is run by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. It didnt go very well at first; at one time it was nearly closed. However, the two brothers insisted on and overcame the difficulties , and made it turn for the better day by day. R
49、ay Kroc, a milk shake machine salesman, saw the massive potential of the brothers business and decided to get involved. He purchased the rights from the brothers, on April 15th, 1955. He became the McDonald brothers first franchisee when he opened his own McDonalds restaurant in Des Plaines, a suburb just north of Chicago. The entry of Ray Kroc into the business contributed to the development in the history of McDonalds. He bought the rights to expand the McDonalds concept outside of California and Arizona, and quickly built the restaurant chain and by 1959
