1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 320及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What kind of proof did the man probably have when he bought the radio? （ A） A receipt and the cheque stub. （ B） The guarantee and the receipt. （ C） The radio and the box. （ D） The credit card and a receipt. 12 When did the man buy the radio? （ A） Last week. （ B） The day before
5、yesterday. （ C） Yesterday. （ D） This morning. 13 What is wrong with the radio? （ A） It has no instructions. （ B） It has run out of battery. （ C） The switch is in broken. （ D） The switch is the wrong position. 14 Why are “How To“ books in great demand in the United States? （ A） Because the rich do no
6、t always satisfy. （ B） Because many people read books only for pleasure. （ C） Because these books help Americans out of trouble. （ D） Because the books meet the needs of different readers. 15 What is one of the most popular types of books? （ A） The book that help people with their personal problems.
7、 （ B） The book that tell you how to earn more money. （ C） The book that tell you how to choose a job. （ D） The book that tell you how to make progress. 16 Which title best gives the ideas of the passage? （ A） Americans Like Reading. （ B） How To Book, a True Friend. （ C） How To Book Is Popular. （ D）
8、Americans Like Books. 17 What is Einsteins greatest contribution to human beings? （ A） His teaching. （ B） His theory of relativity. （ C） His theory on advanced mathematics. （ D） His research. 18 When did Einsteins family move to Munich? （ A） When he was 2 years old. （ B） When he was 14 years old. （
9、C） When he finished his study. （ D） When he became a teacher. 19 When did Einstein begin teaching? （ A） Inl901. （ B） In 1902. （ C） In 1910. （ D） In 1879. 20 How did Einstein explain Relativity to young students? （ A） Patiently. （ B） Intelligently. （ C） Indifferently. （ D） Vividly. Part A 20 Pay and
10、productivity, it is generally assumed, should be related. But the relationship seems to weaken【 B1】 _people get older. Mental ability declines with age. That is the same for the brainy and the dimand not 【 B2】 _for humans: it is measurable even for fruit flies.【 B3】 _minds that keep lively will suff
11、er less than the lazy. In general, the more education you have, the more productive your old【 B4】 _will be. Some【 B5】 _decline faster than others. According to most studies, peoples numerical and reasoning abilities are at their best in their 20 s and early 30 s.【 B6】_abilitiesthose that depend on k
12、nowledgemay improve with age. For most workers, decreased abilities will【 B7】 _to lower productivity; only a minority will find know-how and knowledge outweighs their failing powers. Even those employees who remain highly productive will be likely to shine only in a narrow【 B8】_. Academics notice th
13、is. It is less clear that employers do. Studies of supervisors-ratings show no clear correlation【 B9】 _age and perceived productivity. When other employees-views are【 B10】 _into account though, the picture changes: these ratings suggest that workers in their 30s are the【 B11】 _productive and hardwor
14、king, with scores falling thereafter. That is【 B12】 _up by studies of work samples, which find lower productivity among the oldest employees. A study for Americas Department of Labor showed job performance peaking at 35, and【 B13】 _ declining. It varied by industry: the fall was slower in footwear,
15、but faster in furniture. Intellectual occupations are harder to measure, but the picture is the same. Academics seem to publish【 B14】 _ as they age. Painters, musicians and writers show the same tendency. Their output peaks in their 30s and 40s. The only【 B15】 _is female writers, who are most produc
16、tive in their 50 s. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSW
17、ER SHEET 1. 35 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have
18、 yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot
19、assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are already robot systems th
20、at can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able
21、to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA,“ we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. Indeed th
22、e quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to ex
23、tend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the er
24、ror of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single sus
25、picious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 36 Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_. （ A） the use of machines to produce science fiction （ B） the wide use of machines in
26、 manufacturing industry （ C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work （ D） the elite s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 37 The word “gizmos“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)most probably means “_“. （ A） programs （ B） experts （ C） devices （ D） creatures 38 According to the text, what
27、is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can_. （ A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery （ B） interact with human beings verbally （ C） have a little common sense （ D） respond independently to a changing world 39 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_. （ A） make a
28、few decisions for themselves （ B） deal with some errors with human intervention （ C） improve factory environments （ D） cultivate human creativity 40 The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_. （ A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure （ B） able to perceive abnorm
29、alities immediately （ C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information （ D） best used in a controlled environment 40 Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws requir
30、e children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter. The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite sep
31、arate and independent. They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom. Public schools are usually mai
32、ntained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city. In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city cou
33、ncil. The state legislature decides which method should be used. Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen. Nearly all states give financial aid to local
34、 school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts. The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The El
35、ementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards. 41 Which of the following law is related to education? （ A） The National Defense Education Act. （
36、 B） The Elementary and Secondary Education Act. （ C） The Independence Act. （ D） Both A and B. 42 How did the state control education? （ A） By setting up certain standard and rules. （ B） By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age. （ C） Either A or B. （ D） Both A and B.
37、43 How did they preserve the freedom of the schools from political pressure? （ A） By uniting all the schools into a union. （ B） By having me federal administration. （ C） By having separate and independent control. （ D） By cooperating with the state government. 44 People favor the independence of sch
38、ool for the reason that_. （ A） people believe that it will ensure the existence of freedom （ B） people believe that it will deprive the school of the financial aid （ C） local government can rid itself from the financial burden （ D） state government is not willing to exert its effort on it 45 The sch
39、ool district is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） larger man city district （ B） larger than the state district （ C） the same as the city district （ D） Both A and C 45 Karen Rusa was a 30-year-old woman and the mother of four children. For the past several months Karen had been experien
40、cing repetitive thoughts that centered around her childrens safety. She frequently found herself imagining that a serious accident had occurred; she was unable to put these thoughts out of her mind. On one such occasion she imagined that her son, Alan, had broken his leg playing football at school.
41、There was no reason to believe that an accident had occurred, but she kept thinking about the possibility until she finally called the school to see if Alan was all right. Even after receiving their assurance that he had not been hurt, she described herself as being somewhat surprised when he later
42、arrived home unharmed. Karen also noted that her daily routine was seriously hampered by an extensive series of counting work that she performed throughout each day. Specific numbers had come to have a special meaning to her; she found that her preoccupation with these numbers was hampering her abil
43、ity to perform everyday activities. One example was grocery shopping. Karen believed that if she selected the first item on the shelf, something terrible would happen to her oldest child. If she selected the second item, some unknown disaster would fall on her second child, and so on for the four ch
44、ildren. Karens preoccupation with numbers extended to other activities, most notable the pattern in which she smoked cigarettes and drank coffee. If she had one cigarette; she believed that she had to smoke at least four in a row, or one of her children would be harmed in some way. If she drank one
45、cup of coffee, she felt compelled to drink four. Karen acknowledged the unreasonableness of these rules, but, nevertheless, maintained that she felt more comfortable. When she observed them earnestly, when she was occasionally in too great a hurry to observe these rules, she experienced considerable
46、 anxiety, in the form of a subjective feeling of dread and fear. She described herself as tense, uneasy, and unable to relax during these periods. The occurrence of rarely minor accidents does not reduce her belief that she had been directly responsible because of her inability to observe the rules
47、about number. 46 The main idea of this passage is to _. （ A） describe a woman who suffered from a psychological disease （ B） warn the readers against any imagination （ C） explain the reason why Karen had such fanciful thoughts （ D） present a case for the readers to study 47 Which of the following st
48、atements, if true, could most probably cure Karen of the illness? （ A） Her children were all right. （ B） She had a job having little to do with numbers. （ C） She went to a psychoanalyst. （ D） She gave up smoking and drinking coffee. 48 What does the underlined word preoccupation mean? （ A） The first
49、 right to occupy something. （ B） The first impression. （ C） The extreme focus of attention. （ D） The question. 49 Which of the following inferences is most probably NOT true according to the passage? （ A） When Karen was in a great hurry to smoke, she would feel much anxiety. （ B） If she selected the fourth item on the shelf in a group, the fourth child must experience some unknown disaster. （ C） Drinking four cups of coffee would make Karen more comfor
