1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates tha
3、t make up the earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the pass
4、age of the plates. That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are remind
5、ers of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determ
6、ine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot popul
7、ation it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel th
8、e plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot
9、spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy). 1 The author believes that_. （ A） the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interior （ B） the geological
10、theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true （ C） the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions （ D） the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart 2 That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that_. （ A） the two contine
11、nts are still moving in opposite directions （ B） they have been found to share certain geological features （ C） the African plates has been stable for 30 million years （ D） over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe 3 The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining_. （ A） the structure
12、 of the African plates （ B） the revival of dead volcanoes （ C） the mobility of the continents （ D） the formation of new oceans 4 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） the features of volcanic activities （ B） the importance of the theory about drifting plates （ C） the significance of hot spots in geophy
13、sical studies （ D） the process of the formation of volcanoes 5 Which movement of the two continents is not mentioned in the article? （ A） Two continents was joined. （ B） One continent is stationary while the other drifting. （ C） Two continents move in reverse direction. （ D） Two continents move in t
14、he same direction. 6 According to the passage, which one below is not the hot spots main function? （ A） Measuring instrument of the continent movement. （ B） A frame of reference of the passage of plates. （ C） To initiate the formation of new ocean. （ D） To explain the mutability of the continents. 6
15、 A. “But“ to kill bad thoughts. B. 30, 90, 365. C. One habit for 30 days. D. Consistency is key. E. One habit at a time. Habits, good or bad, make you who you are. The key is controlling them. If you know how to change your habits, then even a small effort can create big changes. Ive been using thes
16、e techniques for years to re-engineer many aspects of my life. That includes overhauling my diet, exercising regularly, cutting out television, and bulking my e-mail and work routines. Little change can result in an improved quality of life. Here are some tips to get you started. 【 R1】 _ You focus o
17、n one change for thirty days. After that time it has been sufficiently conditioned to become a habit. Thirty days is all you need to make a change permanent. Less time than that the new alternative might not be hardwired into your brain. Replace lost needs. If you opened up your computer and started
18、 removing hardware, what would happen? Chances are your computer wouldnt work. Similarly, you cant just pull out habits without replacing the needs they fulfill. Giving up television might mean you need to find a new way to relax, socialize or get information. 【 R2】 _ A month may seem like a long ti
19、me to focus on only one change, but Ive found trying to change more than a few habits at a time to be reckless. Changing habits isnt a matter of will power, but patience and strategy. Dont expect to overhaul your diet, exercise or thinking patterns in a day. Tackle one habit at a time. With just one
20、 habit change you can focus on making it really stick. Multitasking between three or four often means none become habits. Balance feedback. The difference between long-term change and giving up on day 31 is the balance of feedback. If your change creates more pain in your life than joy, it is going
21、to be hard to stick to. Dont go to the gym if you hate it. Find diets, exercise, financial plans and work routines that are fun to follow and support you. 【 R3】 _ A prominent habit-changing therapist once told me a great way to nuke bad thinking. Anytime you feel yourself thinking negatively about y
22、ourself, use the word “but“ and point out positive aspects. “Im lousy at this job but if I keep at it I can probably improve. “ 【 R4】 _ Id like to say most habits go through a series of checkpoints in terms of conditioning. The first is at thirty days. Here it doesnt require will power to continue y
23、our change, but problems might offset it. At ninety days any change should be neutral where running the habit is no more difficult than not running it. At one year it is generally harder not to run the habit than to continue with it. Be patient and run habits through the three checkpoints to make th
24、em stick. 【 R5】 _ The point of a habit is that it doesnt require thought. Variety may be the spice of life, but it doesnt create habits. Make sure your habit is as consistent as possible and is repeated every day for thirty days. This will ensure a new habit is drilled in, instead of multiple habits
25、 loosely conditioned. Keep it simple. Your change should involve one or two rules, not a dozen. Exercising once per day for at least thirty minutes is easier to follow than exercising Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays with yoga the first day and mountain biking the third day, except when it is rainin
26、g. Simple rules create habits, complex rules create headaches. 7 【 R1】 8 【 R2】 9 【 R3】 10 【 R4】 11 【 R5】 11 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to
27、 do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for natio
28、ns and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt o
29、f the fertile silt that floods left all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sendin
30、g in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even
31、more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and
32、 benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of As
33、wan. You dont need a dam to be saved. 12 The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that_. （ A） people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality （ B） the blind could be happier than the sighted （ C） over-excited people tend to neglect vital things （ D） fascination makes people lose their eyes
34、ight 13 In Paragraph 5, “the powerless“ probably refers to_. （ A） areas short of electricity （ B） dams without power stations （ C） poor countries around India （ D） common people in the Narmada Dam area 14 What is the myth concerning giant dams? （ A） They bring in more fertile soil. （ B） They help de
35、fend the country. （ C） They strengthen international ties. （ D） They have universal control of the waters. 15 What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as “_“. （ A） Its no use crying over spilt milk （ B） More haste, less speed （ C） Look before you leap （ D） He who laughs last laughs b
36、est 16 According to the article, which country mentioned as follows fails to suffer from big dam? （ A） Egypt. （ B） India. （ C） Turkey. （ D） Slovak. 17 “You dont need a dam to be saved“(the last sentence), because_. （ A） dam is a kind of superstition （ B） dam has lots of disadvantages （ C） dam didnt
37、work as intended （ D） dam is not good for the people of a country 17 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great un
38、iversal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty
39、years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commi
40、t evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.
41、 Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the
42、same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills
43、so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years even the past 100 year our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as savage
44、 looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension“. No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 18 What used to be the danger in bein
45、g a man according to the first paragraph? （ A） A lack of mates. （ B） A fierce competition. （ C） A lower survival rate. （ D） A defective gene. 19 What does the example of India illustrate? （ A） Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. （ B） Natural selection hardly works among the
46、rich and the poor. （ C） The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. （ D） India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 20 The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_. （ A） life has been improved by technological advance （ B） the number of fem
47、ale babies has been declining （ C） our species has reached the highest stage of evolution （ D） the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 21 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution （ B） Ways of Continuing Mans Evolution
48、 （ C） The Evolutionary Future of Nature （ D） Human Evolution Going Nowhere 22 Which of the following statements is not natural selection? （ A） Male mortality. （ B） Having less offspring. （ C） Baby mortality. （ D） Stable physical state. 23 The “biological Utopia“(in the first sentence of the third pa
49、ragraph)mainly means_. （ A） the rate of male and female has arrived a balance （ B） the survival ratio of babies is much higher （ C） there will be no more evolution （ D） natural selection has lost most power 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 12答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with
