1、大学生英语竞赛（ NECCS） A类（研究生）模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Part Vocabulary and Structure 1 Their claims to damages have not been convincingly_ （ A） refuted （ B） overwhelmed （ C） depressed （ D） intimidated 2 A lot of experimental work is being done to increase our knowledge about insomnia and other sleep-related proble
2、ms in order to help people who are_of sleep. （ A） dominated （ B） deprived （ C） distressed （ D） deviated 3 Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe. （ A） vociferously （ B） patriotically
3、（ C） verbosely （ D） loquaciously 4 A body weighs_from the surface of the earth. （ A） less the farther it gets （ B） the farther is get, the less （ C） less than it gets farther （ D） less than it, the farther it gets 5 I would like to get another table like this one, but the company that made it is out
4、 of_. （ A） order （ B） business （ C） practice （ D） style 6 She said she wouldn t call us the next day,_she? （ A） would （ B） wouldn t （ C） did （ D） didn t 7 It is not an agreement_, but it will serve as one. （ A） on such （ B） for such （ C） as such （ D） in such 8 They were shocked not so much by the ra
5、dicalism of young people _ by their bad form. （ A） nor （ B） neither （ C） as （ D） other than 9 These are common materials_we are all familiar. （ A） to that （ B） with that （ C） to which （ D） with which 10 He spoke so_that even his opponents were won over by his arguments. （ A） bluntly （ B） convincingl
6、y （ C） emphatically （ D） determinedly 11 _was chosen made a tremendous stir in the town. （ A） It is she not he （ B） Being she not he （ C） She and not he （ D） That she and not he 12 Mike: You know, Im a little uncomfortable with speaking English to foreigners. Jane: Why? How re you ever going to beco
7、me fluent if you dont try to use the language? Mike: _ Jane: Don t worry. You can become good at English if you learn to be a little more active. （ A） But I always feel that people are watching me （ B） You must develop a feeling of being more comfortable. （ C） I will try to practice pronunciation mo
8、re. （ D） I want to visit my English teacher. 13 Nora: Youre late. Now well miss the movie. Alex: _I was stuck in traffic. （ A） Why are you so impatient? （ B） Oh, you should go to the movie by yourself. （ C） Theres nothing serious, I think. （ D） Im sorry, honey, f apologize. 14 M: Excuse me, Im sorry
9、 to bother you._a 10 note? W: Sorry, I can t unless you buy something here. （ A） Can you change me （ B） Can you change it （ C） Can t you change （ D） Can t you change it 15 Machel: Can you come to my house for lunch on Friday evening? Tom: Oh , I m sorry. I can t make it. Machel: _ （ A） How about tom
10、orrow then? （ B） What do you want to make? （ C） OK. See you then. （ D） No problem. 二、 Part Reading Comperhension 15 I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against
11、 an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others are satisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself. As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity he
12、re. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showeringand based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I d
13、on t recommend thisand secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitablyand, usually, utterly benignlya part of our world. The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you sh
14、are your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or
15、millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms. The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the
16、refrigerator. If you dont make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don t worry about bacteria. Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So di
17、sinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug. In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York , 224 households
18、, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoningand found to be essential
19、ly the same. According to Dr. Gerba s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive, just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that. 16 What is the main idea of this passag
20、e? （ A） We don t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life. （ B） Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective. （ C） The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure. （ D） The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old. 17 We ca
21、n infer from Paragraph 3 that_. （ A） healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the family （ B） a germ-free home is not only possible, but significant （ C） unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the air （ D） our immune systems are too weak to fight aga
22、inst the food poisoning bacteria 18 According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better_. （ A） make the room dry （ B） keep the food in the refrigerator （ C） wash your hands as much as possible （ D） clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products 19 From Paragraph 5 the author emphas
23、izes_. （ A） the danger of viruses （ B） the common existence of virus particles （ C） the short life span of viruses （ D） the difficulty in killing viruses 20 According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive_. （ A） if he washes his hands every time he touches a surface （ B） if he only was
24、hes his hands with soap and water （ C） if he could not win over the bacteria in his home （ D） if he does not fight against the bacteria at home 20 Canadian authorities relayed that suspicion to the U. S. Coast Guard, which dispatched a cutter to intercept the vessel. After a two-week chase, the cutt
25、er s crew finally boarded the Cao Yu 6025, a stateless ship, south of Japan. In the hold, they found damning evidence; 110 tons of tuna and shark fins, and a drift gillnet almost 20 kilometers longan indiscriminate killer of marine life banned on high seas under an international agreement. Out of si
26、ght, and mostly out of mind, the oceans are under siege. Scientists from around the world are reporting global disturbances in the seas that threaten to bring Richard Cashin s grim warning home to every Canadian household. From the polar seas to the tropics, fish populations have collapsed or teeter
27、 on the brink. In a third of the Pacific, plankton that form the foundation of the marine food chain are vanishing. In every corner of the planet, increasing temperatures are obliterating some species, while driving others into unfamiliar waters. As science scrambles to make sense of uneven data, ev
28、idence points to an alarming conclusion; the sea, the cradle of life, is dying. The killers are numerous. The most obvious, global over fishing, harvests 70 per cent of the world s species faster than they can reproduce themselves. But the scientific community is not even sure that is the worst mena
29、ce to the seas. Other major threats; human pollution, including an estimated 700 million gallons of toxic chemicals dumped into the sea each year, and global warming, widely attributed to industrial production of so-called greenhouse gases, which appears to be affecting ocean temperatures. Sharply p
30、ricier seafood is only the mildest consequence; others are far more serious. In many parts of the world, fishing jobs have disappeared. On Canadas East Coast, 26,000 unemployed former fish workers drew income from the federal government s Atlantic Ground fish Strategy 15,000 from Newfoundland aloneu
31、ntil its $1.9 billion in funding ran out in August. Far worse, developing countries dependent on marine protein confront the risk of mass starvation. In many regions , rival national claims to the seas diminishing harvest hold potential for armed conflict. More terrifying still is the specter of eco
32、logical Armageddon, as the oceans lose the capacity to generate the oxygen on which life itself depends. For too many species, extinction has already come. Half a century ago, 600,000 barn door skate swam North America s Atlantic seaboard. Never intentionally fished, they nonetheless frequently beca
33、me ensnared in nets or on hooks. By the 1970s, scientists could find no more than 500 skate throughout its previous range. Now, they can t find any. “ If bald eagles were as common as robins and then disappeared, someone would notice,“ says biologist Ransom Myers of Hallifax s Dalhousie University.
34、“In the ocean, no one knows. No one cares. Belatedly, a handful of governments and others have begun to notice, to care and to act, moving tentatively to rein in the worst abuses of the seas. The patrol that spotted the Cao Yu was one of six that Canada donates each year to enforee an international
35、ban on drift nets, blamed for killing dolphins, sharks, turtles, and seabirds, in addition to their intended catch. On September 1 , the federal government designated two protected marine habitats at Race Rocks and Gabriola Passage, British Columbiathe first in a promised chain of preserves in Canad
36、ian waters where fishing will be banned. On the same day, an international commission concluded three years of study by urging coastal nations to bury their differences and form a world authority to regulate fishing beyond the 200-mile (370-killometer) economic zones of individual states. 21 The use
37、 of the drift gillnet is banned on high seas because they are sea life s_ killer. 22 _are regarded as the foundation of the marine food chain. 23 Loss of jobs and_in developing countries dependent on fishing are among the possible consequences. 24 Limited harvests may lead to_conflict among nations.
38、 25 A world authority should be established to regulate fishing beyond_of individual states. 25 An important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits. The more obvious ones are the ability of police to apply first-
39、aid lifesaving techniques quickly and the greater likelihood of arresting people who may have participated in a crime. It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime, as well as in collecting evidence. The overall reputation of a police department, too, is enhanced if rapid respons
40、e is consistent, and this in itself promotes the prevention of crime. Needless to say, rapid response offers the public some degree of satisfaction in its police force. While these may be the desired consequences of rapid police response, actual research has not shown it to be quite so beneficial. F
41、or example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutesstill quite a rapid response the likelihood of an arrest is substantia
42、lly reduced. Similarly, in identifying witnesses to emergencies or crimes, police are far more likely to be successful if they arrive at the scene no more than four minutes on average, after receiving a call for help. Yet both police officers and the public de-fine rapid response as responding up to
43、 10-12 minutes after calling the police for help. Should police assume all the responsibility for ensuring a rapid response? Studies have shown that people tend to delay after an incident occurs before contacting the police. A crime victim may be injured and thus unable to call for help, for example
44、, or no telephone may be available at the scene of the incident. Often, however, there is no such physical barrier to calling the police. Indeed , it is very common for crime victims to call their parents, their minister, or even their insurance company first. When the police are finally called in s
45、uch cases the effectiveness of even the most rapid of responses is greatly diminished. The effectiveness of rapid response also needs to be seen in light of the nature of the crime. For example, when someone rings the police after discovering their television set has been stolen from their home, the
46、re is little point, in terms of identifying those responsible for the crime, in ensuring a very rapid response. It is common in such burglary or theft cases that the victim discovers the crime hours, days, even weeks after it has occurred. When the victim is directly involved in the crime, however,
47、as in the case of a robbery, rapid response, provided the victim was quickly able to contact the police, is more likely to be advantageous. Based on statistics comparing crimes that are discovered and those in which the victim is directly involved. Spelman and Brown (1981) suggest that three in four
48、 calls to police need not be met with rapid response. It becomes clear that the importance of response time in collecting evidence or catching criminals after a crime must be weighed against a variety of factors. Yet because police department officials assume the public strongly demands rapid respon
49、se, they believe that every call to the police should be met with it. Studies have shown, however, that while the public wants quick response, more important is the information given by the police to the person asking for help. If a caller is told the police will arrive in five minutes but in fact it takes ten minutes or more, waiting the extra time can be extremely frustrating. But if a caller is told he or she wi
