1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 541及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this party you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Entrance Examination Without English. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1 现在社会上很多人提议高考取消英语，其理由是 2也有人反对高考取消英语，其理由是 3我的看法 College
2、 Entrance Examination Without English 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、 with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Learning From Informal Cities, Building for Communities What if there were a better way of living? A way that
4、 was more environmentally sound, more economical, more conducive to the building of community, and didnt require huge monetary investments? Today, in the worlds most underdeveloped countries, locations where the impact of formal rule or government and capital is scarce, people are creating this othe
5、r way of life. You might know these places by their other names: slums, favelas (贫民区 ), and ghettos. We believe that these settlements offer lessons on natural development patterns, on more efficient resource and commodity use. and on sustainability. Theres this book. Informal City: Caracas Case, wh
6、ich depicts quite vividly the “informal city“ phenomenon. Environmental futurist Stewart Brand and San Diego architect Teddy Cruz have spent years trying to learn and communicate the lessons of these places. Heres the truth about so-called slums that you probably never considered: Theyre high-densit
7、y and walkable, two goals most urban designers consider of utmost importance when planning multibillion-dollar neighborhoods for hip, wealthy Americans. Commerce and housing in these informal cities mingle freely to the betterment of both residents and shopkeepers. In the West, we hear a lot about t
8、he need to recycle. Slum residents have always made use of post-recycled material more effectively than anyone else, including the stuff no one else will take. These areas are the most vulnerable to floods and natural disasters, as recent events in Haiti make clear. The total absence of planning is
9、not a goal for urban planners to strive for. But people in these areas have been surviving and developing with very little capital or government involvement, and theyre becoming increasingly good at it. If we can learn what these places have to teach us, we can find better ways to live in our own lo
10、cal habitats. We call our interpretation of this idea the self-generative community, or SGC. This way of living draws from the lessons that the worlds poorest inhabitants have to give us without romanticizing the difficult and unfortunate aspects of impoverishment. The SGC is a portrait of humanity
11、not at its poorest, but at its most resourceful, responsible, and aware of its surroundings. The objective of the SGC is to realize homegrown socioeconomic sustainability by investing in the proper handling of the natural environment and technology. How do you create an SGC? We see three steps, whic
12、h involve uncovering the natural resources of the area, tapping into the appropriate use of both natural and social capital (such as building partnerships, cooperative business enterprises, etc.) in order to further the economic development, and finally integrating a sophisticated mix of programs in
13、to a high-density model. Step One: Restore. Reconnect the Earth and the Sky. Restore, in this context, refers to bioremediation or restoration of the natural cycles as needed. Nations in the developed world have altered the urban landscape to a point where water hardly reaches soil for filtration an
14、d drainage, and rooftops waste solar energy that nature had used productively. There are better ways to treat both those resources. If youre talking about building an SGC at one particular urban area, fulfilling step one can be as simple as ripping out urban pavement that isnt actively supporting a
15、structure and allowing rainwater to be absorbed into the ground. Communities around the world function effectively with a lot less pavement around than do people in the industrialized world. Again, the point is not to create a situation without adequate land grading, or where un-zoned structures imp
16、ede the flow of rainwater, possibly causing flooding. This is an unfortunate fact of life in many of the worlds poorest communities. We propose simply the removal of unnecessary pavement in an intelligent, considered way. Does your city not want you to rip up the sidewalk? Some local governments are
17、 giving ideas like this serious attention. Starting in June 2010, the state of Maryland will be enforcing a new law that, if youre developing a site of a particular size, youll need to meet the highest water-management requirements. But for a picture of what truly effective water management looks li
18、ke, go to a forest. Step Two: Plant and Energize the Seeds. This refers to the building of new social, economic, and environmental infrastructure based on cooperative capacity, or the amount of time and talent the neighborhood is willing to invest to make their area economically self-sustainable. Ha
19、rvesting renewable energy sources locally to generate immediate revenue and help sustain development is one key to realizing step two. This could mean passive solar energy co-operations, where neighborhoods build their own photovoltaic (光电池的 ) systems on rooftops. It could mean inner-city biofuel-cr
20、op growing, perhaps in basement hydroponic (水栽的 ) gardens. It could be all of the above. The idea is to start harvesting available renewable energy and use it to power local businesses, or sell it back into the grid. Power generation becomes a community business. In this way, its integrated seamless
21、ly (无缝地 ) into the areas future development. This is directly connected to the informal city way of life. We in the developed world commonly misperceive slums as economic dead zones, as basket cases, when in fact theyre hotbeds of self-sustaining commerce. Thats as it should be. Informal cities are
22、also mixed use in their layout. That means commercial, residential, and light industrial/agricultural activities take place side by side. The key here is to capitalize on cooperative relationships, seek potential partners within the community, and develop strategies for integration. Meanwhile, the S
23、GC must also be adaptable and versatile. Communities change constantly; SGCs reflect and support that change. Step Three: Nourish, Breathe, and Grow. The third step is to introduce a series of connected programs between local government and the community. In terms of proposing programs to fit commun
24、ity needs, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy. The programs we proposed were geared mostly toward community education and neighborhood economic development. We presented a plan to the city of Baltimore a few years ago called Hidden Walls. The plan involved repairing blocks of abandoned row house
25、s. This was a high-unemployment inner-city neighborhood. The community in that situation needed a means to build equity and value into their area. They also needed to shelter their kids from the notorious Baltimore drug-dealing scene. Our final proposal was a modern circulation of the Middle Ages ma
26、nor village, but with high-speed Internet and without a feudal lord. We suggested different program solutions at another location in Dallas, where the community was trying to make use of abundant sunshine and open space. The key is to add new programs and transform the relationships of the actors as
27、 more people move to the location and change it. There is no formalist approach to building a self-generating community. Its more systematic; complexity grows itself naturally in keeping with how community actually develops. In the context of every city and in the life of every neighborhood, there i
28、s a synergy (协同作用 ) that brings up the potential to develop something unique, to rebuild the urban environment to reach its fullest potential. There is no MAKE GOOD button for creating a more equitable environment, just like there is no GO AWAY for unwanted elements and no PUT THERE for discarded re
29、sources. To regenerate our cities and communities and restore our feeling of place, we must stop perceiving ourselves as mere consumers. If we can become inhabitants, constituents, and producers, we can achieve a different sort of habitat, one that is environmentally, sociologically, and culturally
30、self-sustaining precisely because it honors all of these vital areas of life, equally. 2 According to Informal City： Caracas Case, what can we learn from slums in the underdeveloped countries? （ A） The more economic profits from resources. （ B） The less use of financial investments. （ C） The less de
31、pendence on local government. （ D） The patterns of natural development. 3 The goals urban designers value in planning multibillion-dollar neighborhoods can be_. （ A） high-density and walkable （ B） blending of commerce and housing （ C） establishment of recycling system （ D） vulnerability to natural d
32、isasters 4 What does the idea of SGC reflect according to the author? （ A） How the poorest manage to live comfortably. （ B） How man makes full and responsible use of resources. （ C） How man realizes socioeconomic sustainability. （ D） How the poorest properly handle natural environment. 5 What does t
33、he author mean by “restore“ according to Step One? （ A） Restoration of the relationship between earth and sky. （ B） Restoration of the natural cycles as needed. （ C） Restoration of the earth landscape. （ D） Restoration of the natural resources. 6 What is the authors advice on making rainwater reach
34、soil for filtration and drainage? （ A） Rip out the pavement that isnt actively supporting a structure. （ B） Improve rooftops to collect solar energy and use productively. （ C） Remove the unnecessary pavement in an intelligent, considered way. （ D） Grade land and plan structures to impede the flow of
35、 rainwater. 7 What is the key to realizing Step Two? （ A） Building of new social, economic, and environmental infrastructure. （ B） Investing in time, capital and talent to sustain economic development. （ C） Turning slums into economic alive zones and hotbeds of self-sustaining commerce. （ D） Utilizi
36、ng local renewable resources to generate revenue and sustain development. 8 What is the key to the mixed layout in the construction of informal cities? （ A） Building commercial, residential, and light industrial/agricultural activities side by side. （ B） Exploiting cooperative relationships, seeking
37、 potential partners within the community. （ C） Occupying land, adapting to, reflecting and supporting the constant change of these cities. （ D） Mitigating the problems within slums rather than eliminating the slums themselves. 9 The third step is introducing connected programs between local governme
38、nt and the community which were geared mostly toward_. 10 The key to build the ever-changing nature of a community is to add new programs and_. 11 We must perceive ourselves in a habitat that is environmentally, sociologically, and culturally self-sustaining as _instead of mere consumers. Section A
39、Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
40、 pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The nearest restaurant. （ B） The furnished restaurant. （ C） A French restaurant. （ D） The nearest supermarket. （ A） Pay attention to a new test. （ B） Read some rules of an exam. （ C） Take the drive
41、rs test. （ D） Focus on some key points of a test. （ A） They neednt worry about their working environment. （ B） Work-related injuries are increasing recently. （ C） They should pay more attention to their workspace. （ D） They are doing heavy lifting inside their office. （ A） Its closed on Sunday. （ B）
42、 Its supposed to be open now. （ C） The man has locked it at nine. （ D） The man posted the schedule on the door. （ A） They are reading the new score criteria. （ B） They are discussing how to choose the winner. （ C） They are talking about the new winner. （ D） They are analyzing the errors that have ha
43、ppened. （ A） Cameron shouldnt have wasted money on the CDs. （ B） Cameron should have bought the same movie CDs as the woman. （ C） The woman has spent all her money for Camerons CDs. （ D） The woman has also bought some CDs she had seen. （ A） There were many packed gifts in the room. （ B） The room was
44、 not large enough for the audience. （ C） The audience enjoyed the womans presentation. （ D） The woman expected more people for the presentation. （ A） It is dependent on solar energy for operation. （ B） It can make a great program plan. （ C） It should be bought by parents for their children. （ D） It
45、is easy to operate. （ A） The enrolment form. （ B） The handbook. （ C） Australia and Its People. （ D） The description of the courses. （ A） At this moment. （ B） After he selects courses. （ C） At the end of the first year. （ D） At the end of the first semester. （ A） Getting 9 points each year. （ B） Gett
46、ing 24 points each year. （ C） Getting 12 points each semester. （ D） Getting 9 points each semester. （ A） It is a period of time for people to bridge their cultural gap. （ B） It is typically taken by students between high school and college. （ C） It is for students to fill in what they havent learned
47、 in school. （ D） It lasts a full year but can be taken at any age. （ A） Defer their admittance. （ B） Apply after their gap year. （ C） Write to the college supervisor. （ D） Outline what they are interested in. （ A） His first application will not be re-evaluated. （ B） He will have to re-apply the foll
48、owing year. （ C） His familys financial condition will not be considered. （ D） His qualification will be kept until he comes back. （ A） International programs that save parents money. （ B） Domestic programs that charge little or no fees. （ C） Programs offering free housing and food in return for volu
49、nteer work. （ D） AmeriCorps with health care benefits, living expenses and $5 350. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because they arrived there too late. （ B） Because they would get sick seeing the tragic scene. （ C） Because the scene was too mis
