1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 244及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled E-education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 电子教育的优点 2. 电子教育尤其方便大学生 3. 电子教育在中国某些地区未能普及的原因 4. 你的看法 二、 Part II Reading Co
2、mprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if t
3、he statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Environmental Countdown: Where Were Losing and Winning From man-made deserts to powerful acid rain, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unfrie
4、ndly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all. Untold numbers of people die prematurely as a direct result of air and water pollution worldwide. wesley Marx, a journalist specializing in environmental issues, reports here on the pollution “hot spots“. He also cites some outsta
5、nding examples of recovery from environmental disasters, proving we can all share in the solutions as well. Ghost Sea Muynak used to be a thriving port and fish-processing center on the Aral Sea in Central Asia. But the city is now 30 miles from. water, and Muynaks canneries (罐头食品厂 ) must import fis
6、h from the distant Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. Once the worlds fourth largest lake, the Aral Sea has shrunk by 40 percent, with its water level down almost 43 feet. Some 10,000 square miles of former seabed now lie exposed as a salty desert. The Aral is dying because state economic planners
7、 diverted water from its two feeder rivers in order to irrigate cotton fields. What little water reaches the Aral and its deltas is a soup of fertilizers and pesticides. Yet people drink this liquid and prepare their food with it. There is no other water to use, since failing ground-water levels hav
8、e dried up most wells and springs. Winds blow salt and dust from the dry seabed as far as the Arctic shore, 1,500 miles away. Massive sandstorms can deposit nearly a quarter ton of sand per acre. Caustic (腐蚀性的 ) salts and farm chemicals in this sand have accelerated a public-health disaster. Infant
9、mortality is high, and throat cancer and stomach disorders are endemic. Like a natural air conditioner, the Aral once moderated the regions desert climate. No more. As the sea contracts, summers become warmer, winters colder. The growing season has shortened ten days. Ironically, some cotton farmers
10、, for whose benefit the water was diverted, have been forced to switch to rice because it has a faster growing season. Rain That Melts Cities The 6,000 historic houses, monasteries and churches of Krakow, Poland, are architectural masterpieces. But today they look as ff they had a severe case of lep
11、rosy (麻风病 ). Stone saints are faceless; statues have dissolved into black rock piles. The reason is: the factories and coal mines of Upper Silesia spew out a staggering amount of pollution-five times as much sulfur dioxide per square mile, for example, as Germanys industrialized Ruhr Valley produces
12、. Sulfur dioxide can react chemically with marble and limestone, cracking and dissolving the structures. It can also combine with nitrogen oxide and water vapor to form a powerful acid rain, which among other things hastens the decay of railroad tracks; some trains running through the region must sl
13、ow to 25 miles per hour. At least 445,000 acres of forest have died as well. Toxic metals from factory smokestacks have polluted the soils to the point where vegetable gardens in Upper Silesia contain levels of cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc 30 to 70 percent higher than World Health Organization st
14、andards. The contaminated air, water and soil are causing serious health problems. The rates of cancer and respiratory diseases in Upper Silesia are 30 to 50 percent higher than the national average. Life expectancy is shorter. Some villages have been declared unfit for human habitation, and their r
15、esidents have been relocated. Despite their bleakness (令人沮丧的状况 ), there is every reason to believe these and other trouble spots can be turned around, for elsewhere in the world, dedicated people have already met the challenge. South Korea: Where Money Grows on Trees By the early 1970s, villagers in
16、 this Asian country were cutting down trees for fuel faster than the woodlands could regrow. Even fallen leaves and twigs, which build soil fertility, were being raked and burned. Unable to soak up heavy rains, the barren slopes could not protect the urban lowlands from mud slides and floods. After
17、one storm, the Han River overflowed, drowning 672 people in the capital of Seoul and leaving another 326,000 homeless. The catastrophe shocked the people of South Korea into action and prompted an ambitious ten-year plan to replant some 2.5 million acres of eroding forestlands. The task was discoura
18、ging. Small landowners possess most of the woodlands, but communal rules allow any villager to cut firewood anywhere he pleases. This traditional arrangement deprived the landowners of a crucial incentive to replant: they could not claim the trees-and profitable wood-as their own. To get the job don
19、e, the government asked each village to form a forestry association, with an elected head, to replant, maintain and eventually harvest the surrounding woodlands. The government provided seedlings, fertilizer and technical assistance. And landowners were guaranteed ten percent of the yield from fores
20、t products. The response was amazing. Some 20,000 local forestry associations sprang up, and their two million members devoted a month each spring to planting trees, and returned each fall to hoe up deadly weeds. As a result, 2.7 million acres were replanted in six years, well ahead of schedule. The
21、 green countryside is not only more productive but also safer. “The replanted hillsides and watersheds can better soak up rainfall and resist erosion,“ says Gregersen. “Damaging floods and the risk of killer landslides have been reduced.“ Denmark: Waste Not, Want Not One winter day in 1972 a Danish
22、tanker truck loaded with phenol (苯酚 ), a corrosive acidic compound, spun out of control and turned over. Its poisonous cargo spread into a stream, killing fish and endangering the water supply of a nearby village. After cleaning up the spill, government officials took new safety measures for the tra
23、nsport of dangerous substances. While other nations rely on special dump sites, Denmark, a small country that depends on ground water for drinking, took steps to deal with the problem closer to its source. Each company in this northern European nation must disclose to the local municipality the type
24、s ,and quantifies of waste it produces. The town issues a permit for on-site treatment or recycling, or the company delivers its hazardous wastes, carefully separated and labeled, to one of the 21 transfer stations. These facilities transport 178,000 tons of wastes annually to a central treatment pl
25、ant. Each Danish municipality also has its own chemicals-collection station for household wastes. Participation is voluntary, but by making drop-offs convenient, Denmark reduces the temptation for homeowners to dump thei. r cleaning agents, used motor oil and garden pesticides down the nearest drain
26、. Today Denmark has what Bruce W. Piasecki, a research professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., calls “one of the most comprehensive hazardous-waste-management systems in the world“. Other nations are beginning to catch up to the Danish insight: that efficiency is served and safe
27、ty enhanced by dealing with problems closer to their source. The rescue of these sites from environmental disaster is a lesson of hope. With determination and energy, we can clean up the worst damages, however awesome the task. And with the foresight that experience and science have engendered, we c
28、an also safeguard our worlds environment for those who will enjoy it in the decades ahead. 2 The author presents both a bleak and an encouraging picture of the environmental conditions worldwide. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The Aral ends up a severe threat to the health of the people living there. （ A）
29、Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Cotton farmers in the upper reaches of the Aral switched to rice growing in order to gain higher yields. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The factories and coal mines in Upper Silesia produced much more pollution than Ruhr Valley in Germany. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Trains running through U
30、pper Silesia have to slow their speed because the tracks are very wet and slippery. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In South Korea, people in local forestry associations mainly worked in spring and autumn. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Today, the new forests along the Hah River play an important role in regulatin
31、g the regions climate. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 New safety measures were worked out by the Danish government in the 1970s with regard to_. 10 In Denmark, hazardous waste must be carefully separated and labeled before being delivered to_. 11 In each municipality in Denmark, household wastes are dumped
32、 at_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a p
33、ause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） At a gas station. （ B） At a bank. （ C） At a hospital. （ D） At a school. （ A） She wants to win the race. （ B） She is tired of losing. （ C） She doesnt want to disappoint her family. （
34、 D） Her sister is waiting for her. （ A） Barry no longer lives in New York. （ B） Barry doesnt know how to economize. （ C） The woman called Barry in California. （ D） The woman didnt ever meet Barry. （ A） Two hours. （ B） Four hours. （ C） Six hours. （ D） Eight hours. （ A） A restaurant. （ B） The station.
35、 （ C） The stadium. （ D） A star. （ A） A play. （ B） A movie. （ C） A lecture. （ D） A concert. （ A） Three-quarters of an hour. （ B） Half an hour. （ C） A quarter of an hour. （ D） Ten minutes. （ A） He fell. （ B） He had a fight. （ C） He was killed. （ D） He was punished. （ A） There arent enough cabinets. （
36、B） There is too much noise. （ C） Office supplies are taking up space. （ D） Some teaching assistants dont have desks. （ A） To chat with Jack socially. （ B） To get help in the course. （ C） To hand in their assignments. （ D） To practice giving interviews. （ A） Give Jack a different office, （ B） Complai
37、n to the department head. （ C） Move the supplies to the storage room. （ D） Try to get a room to use for meetings. （ A） It indicates sufferings in their life. （ B） It indicates a greater financial burden. （ C） It indicates sadness of parents. （ D） It indicates the beginning of a new and independent f
38、amily. （ A） The husband should support the family while the wife should run the home. （ B） They should both support the family financially. （ C） They should do the housework together. （ D） They are independent of each other. （ A） They differ in their standards of choosing husbands. （ B） They can cho
39、ose their husbands by themselves. （ C） They have different attitudes towards love. （ D） They are different from each other in their sense of responsibility. （ A） A flight to Los Angeles. （ B） A book written by a doctor. （ C） A disease on the comeback and its reasons. （ D） Mans effort to control dise
40、ase. （ A） A very long journey, （ B） Outbreak of cholera. （ C） Outbreak of malaria, （ D） An unknown disease. （ A） A disease can die, but never come back. （ B） Cholera is a disease that doesnt cause infections. （ C） A comeback disease is only restricted in one area. （ D） The comeback of a disease is d
41、ue to a combination of many factors, （ A） Breakdown of public health. （ B） International travel and commerce. （ C） Mans eating habits. （ D） Processing methods of food. （ A） The key source of connections. （ B） The time spent with others. （ C） The kind of social contact. （ D） The degree of solitude. （
42、 A） Loneliness is a risk factor. （ B） The more time you spend with your family, the better. （ C） People should not have cold relationships with others. （ D） Reaching out to others is helpful to our bodies. （ A） We are busier. （ B） There are fewer social activities. （ C） More people like living alone
43、. （ D） People are becoming more isolated. （ A） They are more popular. （ B） Their number is reducing dramatically. （ C） They are losing participants. （ D） They are doing more harm to people. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will he
44、ar some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） You will be sure to get everything you need. （ B） You will not know how to help yourself in life. （ C） You will
45、become a man in life. （ D） You neednt think any more in the world. （ A） Because people have more free time to spend than before. （ B） Became people meet more problems than their parents. （ C） Because people have more choices from How to books than any other books. （ D） Because modern life is more di
46、fficult to deal with. （ A） They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English. （ B） They learn English to find well-paid jobs. （ C） They know clearly what they want to learn. （ D） They want to change the way English is taught. （ A） Intermediate learners. （ B） College students. （ C） Beginners. （ D）
47、 Professionals. （ A） Courses for lawyers. （ B） Courses for doctors. （ C） Courses for reporters. （ D） Courses for businessmen. （ A） Three groups of learners. （ B） English for specific purposes. （ C） Features of English for different purposes. （ D） The importance of business English. Section C Directi
48、ons: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just hea
49、rd. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 39 Teaching involves more than leadership. Some of the teachers time and effort is 【 B1】 _ toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher us a group leader who creates an 【 B2】 _ organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is 【 B3】 _
