1、大学英语四级 244 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Which Mode of Life Do You Prefer? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below: 1有些人喜欢生活中充满变化 2有些人喜欢稳定的生活 3我的选
2、择 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Mobile phones What Are Mobile Phones? A mobile phone, also known as a cellphone or cellular phone, is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a
3、 telephone only within a limited range). Cellphones allow connections to be made to the telephone network, normally by directly dialing the other partys number on an inbuilt keypad. Most current cellphones use a combination of radio wave transmission and conventional telephone circuit switching, tho
4、ugh packet switching is already in use for some parts of the cellphone network, especially for services such as Internet access and WAP. Some of the worlds largest cellphone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovox, Kyocera (formerly the handset division of Qualcomm), LG, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic (
5、Matsushita Electric), Philips, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Siemens, SK Teletech, and Sony Ericsson. There are also specialist communication systems related to, but distinct from cellphones, such as satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radio. Worldwide Deployment Cellphones have a long arid varied his
6、tory that stretches back to the 1950s, with hand held devices being available since 1983. Due to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, cellphone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, outstrip ping the growth of fixed telephony. In most of Europe, wealthier parts of A
7、sia, Australia, and the US, cellphones are now widely used, with the majority of the adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. The number of cell phone subscribers in the US has reached over 190 million. The availability of Prepaid or pay as you go services, where the subscriber does not
8、 have to commit to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth. Standardized Technology The cellphone has become ubiquitous because of the interoperability of cellphones across different networks 4nd countries. This is due to the equipment manufacturers all working to the same standard, partic
9、ularly the GSM standard which was designed for Europe-wide interoperability. All European nations and some Asian nations chose it as their sole standard, while in Japan and South Korea another standard, CDMA, was select ed. Cellphone Culture In less than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from be
10、ing rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-cost personal item. In many countries, cellphones now outnumber land line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning cellphones. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a cell phone instead of a
11、 land-line for their residence. In some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed-line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. Social Life With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and p
12、eople rely on their cellphone addressbook to keep in touch with their friends. Many people keep in touch using SMS, and a whole culture of “texting“ has developed from this. The commercial market in SMSs is growing. Many phones even offer Instant Messenger services to increase the simplicity and eas
13、e of texting on phones. Entertainment The mobile phone itself has also become a totemic and fashion object, with users deco rating, customizing, and accessorizing their cellphones to reflect their personality. Like wise, customized ringtones have been developed. Etiquette Cellphone etiquette has bec
14、ome an important issue with mobiles ringing at funerals, weddings, movies and plays. Users often speak at increased volume, with little regard for others nearby people. It has become common practice for places like libraries and movie theatres to ban the use of cell phones, sometimes even installing
15、 jamming equipment to prevent them. Media Cameraphones and videophones that can capture video and take photographs are increasingly being used to cover breaking news. Stories like the London Bombings, the Boxing Day Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina have been reported on by cameraphone users on news sit
16、es like NowPublic and photosharing sites like Flickr. Cellphone Features Cellphones are often packed with features that offer users far more than just the capability to send text messages and make voice calls. These may include internet browsing, music (MP3)playback, personal organizers, email, watc
17、h/alarm, built-in cameras, ring tones, security measures (e. g. pin codes), SIM blocks, games, radio, push to talk, infra red and blue-tooth connectivity, and call registers. Network Features Though cellphones vary significantly from provider to provider, and even nation to nation (most noticeably i
18、n North America), all cellphones must generally accomplish tile same tasks regardless. Cellphones must be connected to the system of land-line phones. Cellphones must also be able to connect with each other just as easily, even if the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. Consequ
19、ently, all cellphone systems are comprised of two components; the handset, and the tower. The handset is the portable, referred to as the mobile phone, cellphone or a smartphone. The tower is a high-yield radio tower that the cellphones direct their radio communications to in order to connect to the
20、 network of telecommunications. It could also be a network of satellites. Network Working Process The Handset Handsets feature a low power transceiver that is typically designed to transmit voice and data, or analog audio only, up to a few kilometers under ideal situations to where the tower is loca
21、ted. The handset listens for an available tower. Once found, the handset in forms that tower of its own unique identifier, and alerts the cellphone network that it is ready and standing-by to receive telephone calls. It then periodically repeats this information to the tower, and seeks out new tower
22、s over the duration it is powered on. The Tower Towers are large structures that feature a series of high power radio transmitters de signed to broadcast their presence and availability, and relay communications to the mobile handsets. The tower features a much higher -powered radio transceiver arra
23、y that allows it to provide a radio communications dialog with handsets dozens of kilometers away. The tower is connected to the landline telephone infrastructure by a high-capacity phone line, and may also be connected to a dedicated data line. The tower can then route calls between the mobile hand
24、sets its serving, and telephone calls over the landline. Because the tower tracks and relays what mobile handsets it is servicing, it can inform the mobile network provider so that at any given time a call to a cellphone can quickly be traced to the :tower that is servicing that handset. The Data St
25、ream Most cellphones dialog between the handset and the tower is comprised of a data stream of digitized audio. The technology driving this process can vary, and in nations with no standard or preference (such as the United States), many incompatible technologies exist. Not only do transmission stan
26、dards potentially differ, but so do the radio frequencies. Some technologies include AMPS for analog, and TDMA, CDMA and GSM for digital communications. Though nations like the USA have generally avoided official standardization, most nations of the world have agreed upon the GSM data transmission p
27、rotocol for cellphones, and a small range of possible frequencies that cellphones may operate on. Phones are classified based on the technology they use and the features they have. （分数：71.00）(1).The main difference between cordless phones and cellphones is that cordless phones can only operate in a
28、limited range. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radios are a kind of cellphone. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Because cellphones are quick to deploy and cheap to establish, they have spread rapidly throughout the world. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Because American cellphone users
29、can choose either the prepaid service or pay as you go, cellphone subscribers have increased in number. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).CDMA and GSM are the two main network services available in Australia. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Texting is uncommon in Asian countries. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Cellphone etique
30、tte has become increasingly more important. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Email, watch/alarm, built-in cameras, ringtones, and SIM blocks are all 1 of cellphones. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Cellphones must not only be connected to the system of 1 but also must be able to connect with each other just as easily, ev
31、en if the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Although most nations around the world have agreed upon GSM data transmission protocol for cellphones, the US has avoided official 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.1016.B.1060.C.508.D.5
32、80.A.He is going to the hospital.B.He is showing his hand.C.He is letting her go.D.He is offering help.A.A shop assistant.B.A sales clerk.C.A waiter.D.A telephone operator.A.Father and daughter.B.Uncle and niece.C.Aunt and nephew.D.Cousins.A.She wasnt invited.B.She wasnt ready to come.C.She altered
33、her decision.D.She forget the invitation.A.The door needs repairing.B.He had lost all his keys.C.He couldnt open the door.D.He wanted the woman to help him.A.Hes rather happy to hear so.B.Hes disappointed to hear so.C.Hes unhappy to hear so.D.Hes surprised to hear so.A.He thought it was a good car.B
34、.He thought it was too noisy.C.He thought there was wrong with the car.D.He didnt like it.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Shes worried about the seminar.B.The man keeps interrupting her.C.She finds it too hard.D.She lacks interest in it.A.The lecturers are boring.B.The course is poorly designed.C.She p
35、refers Philosophy to English.D.She enjoys literature more.A.Karens friend.B.Karens parents.C.Karens lecturers.D.Karen herself.A.Changing her major.B.Spending less of her parents money.C.Getting transferred to the English Department.D.Leaving the university.A.Her husband keeps changing jobs.B.Her hus
36、band is neglectful of the family.C.Her whole family live around the poverty line.D.Her husband yells at her.A.Parents can not dress children well.B.They have to live in a small apartment.C.They have to drive an old car.D.Parents yell out about the poverty.A.Joint custody.B.Children.C.Visitation righ
37、ts.D.A large estate.A.The woman will demand all they have.B.The woman will demand a little support payments.C.The woman will demand all estate.D.The woman will demand half of all and large support payments.A.It will try its best to include Taiwan in the 2008 Olympic torch relay route.B.It refuses to
38、 include Taiwan in the 2008 Olympic torch relay route.C.It gives no comment on this affair.D.It will definitely include Taiwan in the 2008 Olympic torch relay route.A.Chinese government.B.The International Olympic Committee.C.The State General Administration of Sports.D.The National Peoples Congress
39、.A.About 15,000.B.About 1,500.C.About 150,000.D.About 5,100.A.Food had to be kept in the ice box.B.Fresh food must be eaten within one or two days after being shipped from the farm.C.Food must be delivered, from the farm within one or two days.D.Food must be kept in the places near the farm.A.Drying
40、 the food.B.Heating the food.C.Cooling the food.D.Putting the food in the water.A.The car had ice in it.B.The car had no wheels of its own.C.He wanted to ship butter to Boston in a quick and safe way.D.He wanted to add ice on its way.A.The ways of keeping food eatable for a longer time.B.The killing
41、 of bacteria.C.The invention of the refrigerator.D.The role bacteria play.A.Because there was a rock on the path.B.Because there were no trains.C.Because it was too hot.D.Because his son felt tired.A.The next day.B.A few minutes later.C.Two hours later.D.Several hours later.A.Lazy.B.Afraid.C.Interes
42、ted.D.Fascinated.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Adervertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years, there have been (36) 1who tried to persuade others to buy the food they have (37) 2or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. Advertising (38) 3in the signs that merchants once
43、put over their doors to (39) 4the public exactly what was for sale inside with (40) 5 or pictures. The objective of any advertisement is to (41) 6 people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. Advertising (42) 7to the content of the mass media, and at th
44、e same time, supports them. Most newspapers and magazines publishers, radio and television stations make their (43) 8from the sale of space or time to advertisers. As a matter of fact, (44) 9. The cost of buying space or time is added to the price of an advertisers goods or services. (45) 10rather t
45、han providing better books, programs or magazine articles. Advertising may also influence media content: a magazine that runs cigarette ads may not be enthusiastic about printing an article on the dangers of smoking. Moreover, the distinction between advertising and other types of content is not alw
46、ays clear. (46) 11, and even specialized media directed at schools. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term “social class“. In everyday life, peop
47、le tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place“ a new acquaintance(熟人) , however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speakin
48、g, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part. In Greece, after the sixth-century B. C. , there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats (贵族) , and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class“ of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically
