1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 370及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter to Apologize to your friend. You had an appointment with your friend on Sunday. Unfortunately you broke the appointment because your mother fell ill. Write a letter about 120 words to ap
2、ologize for failing to keep the appointment. Your letter should follow the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 就失约向你的朋友道谦 2. 解释失约的原因 3. 建议另外约定一个时间 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly an
3、d answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 G
4、reening the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities What we do to our environment, we do to ourselves, the saying goes. Nowhere is this principle played out more dramatically than in our hospitals, where doctors and nurses work in the front lines against environmental illnesses, treating pa
5、tients for cancers caused by exposure to toxic materials, asthma triggered by breathing dirty air, and heat stroke brought on by heat waves made more severe by climate change. Sadly, the connection between hospitals and illnesses does not end with treatment. Even as Healthcare professionals go to he
6、roic lengths healing the sick among us, the very buildings in which they work stop and erase their efforts. Burning fossil fuels to power Healthcare facilities contributes to climate change, allowing disease to invade new habitats. Relying on ozone-depleting refrigerants to cool them increases the p
7、otential for skin cancer. Using mercury-based instruments to measure body temperature and blood pressure contributes to air and water pollution, increasing rates of brain damage from mercury poisoning. Furnishing interiors with materials manufactured using carcinogens (致癌物 ) perpetuates the spread o
8、f cancer; such materials are common even in radiation and chemotherapy treatment rooms. There is clearly room for improvement in the performance of our Healthcare facilities. By considering the environmental and health implications of design and construction decisions, we can bring the performance o
9、f Healthcare facilities more closely in line with the industrys mission to restore and safeguard health. If we trust our doctors to “first, do no harm“ as the Healthcare creed counsels, it seems only fair to expect the same of our hospitals. The History and Future of Greening the Healthcare Industry
10、 The connection between the Healthcare industry and the environment was illuminated in 1994, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified medical waste burning as the largest source of dioxin, considered to be the most potent human carcinogen ever manufactured. The irony of this si
11、tuation inspired the formation of Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a nonprofit organization that now boasts more than 375 member groups in 40 countries. Another milestone in the push to green the Healthcare industry was the 1998 memorandum of understanding between AHA (the American Hospital Associat
12、ion) and EPA, which laid out three goals for the Healthcare industry: to eliminate mercury-containing waste, to reduce the overall volume of waste, and to identify hazardous substances for pollution-prevention opportunities. This agreement launched the nonprofit Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (
13、H2E), a joint project of AHA and EPA, along with HCWH and the American Nurses Association. Within the last five years, interest in greening Healthcare has moved beyond operations to encompass the design and construction of Healthcare facilities themselves. To guide a new sustainable design category
14、in its annual awards program, the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) published the Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement in January 2002. It is considered the first document to incorporate health considerations into design guidance. Noting that preventing disease is prefer
15、able to treating disease, it advises that “a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for decisions regarding material selection, design features, mechanical systems, infrastructure, and operations and maintenance practices“. Prompted by an impending Healthcare construction boom
16、 in response to Californias new seismic (有关地震的 ) regulations, Gail Vinori. co-director of the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems in Austin, Texas, met with a group of green building and health experts in 2003 to develop a more prescriptive set of design guidelines. This work was initially
17、 sponsored by the Merck Family Fund, with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and H2E subsequently joining as sponsors. The collaboration resulted in the Green Guide for Healthcare, which was released in pilot form in late 2004. And more than 30 Healthcare faciliti
18、es are registered through Green Building Councils LEED Rating System, and two have achieved certification: Boulder Community Foothills Hospital in Boulder, Colorado, became the first LEED-certified hospital when it earned a Silver rating in 2003, and the Patrick H. Dollard Discovery Health Centre ea
19、rned Certification in 2004. Meanwhile, the next version of the AIA Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities is also under development and due out in 2006. Parts or all of the AIA guidelines have replaced individual state codes in 42 U.S. states, according to Guenther, who
20、is participating in the revision. While the current version includes only one paragraph about green design-focused on energy conservation-the next version will include an entire chapter on therapeutic environments and sustainability issues. While the new text will not prescribe any minimum threshold
21、s for green design, its attention to these issues indicates the growing recognition of the connection between design decisions and health. The Best Chance for Greening Hospital Building Americas last hospital building boom occurred just after World War , according to Guenther, and much of that build
22、ing stock is in need of renovation. A range of other forces is further stressing our Healthcare facilities. “Rapid technological advances, advances in information systems, changes in medical practices, evolving regulatory mandates, decreases in financial resources, shortages in Healthcare profession
23、als, aging baby boomers, worn-out facilities, and an increasingly competitive market have all impacted activities and demand on the physical infrastructure,“ says Dina Battisto, assistant professor of architecture and health at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. As a result of these fact
24、ors, a new construction boom is upon us. The U.S. is currently spending 17 billion on Healthcare construction each year, according to Rosalyn Cama, FASID, president of the interior design finn Cama, Inc. By 2010, that number is expected to reach 25 billion, she says, so this is the time to rethink t
25、hat we design and build our Healthcare facilities in a green way. “If we miss this golden opportunity, were going to have a lot of facilities built the wrong way,“ says Cama. What Makes Healthcare Unique? Healthcare facilities stand apart from other building types. First, theyre big. At 168,200 ft(上
26、标 )2 (15,626 m(上标 )2), the average inpatient (住院病人 ) Healthcare facility is more than 11 times the size of the average commercial building, according to the Energy Information Administrations 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Healthcare facilities are also highly regulated and exp
27、ensive to build. They often operate around-the-clock, and they experience long ownership. They use tremendous amounts of energy and need backup power for emergencies, they require a lot of water, and they create huge amounts of waste, some of it hazardous or infectious. They are stressful environmen
28、ts, and many of their occupants have depressed immune systems. Perhaps most important, they function expliciny to restore and protect health. Because of these characteristics, some green building strategies carry greater challenges, importance, or payback in Healthcare facilities than they do in oth
29、er buildings. 2 The writer talks about the necessity and the history of greening Healthcare facilities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 People began to deal with the connection between the Healthcare industry and the environment in 1994. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The best and safest way to deal with medical w
30、aste is to burn them. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 One of the goals of the Healthcare industry is to estimate the overall volume of waste. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Boulder Community Foothills Hospital was the first LEED-certified hospital. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 AIAs aim is to help green the hospitals al
31、l over America. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Americas last hospital building boom was simply the result of rapid technological advances. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 At present the U.S. spends _on Healthcare construction each year. 10 Rosalyn Cama regards the new hospital construction boom as a _opportunity.
32、11 The most important characteristic of Healthcare facilities lies in its function to_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation
33、 and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 12. （ B） 48. （ C） 36. （ D） 24. （ A） She hasnt gone camping for several weeks. （ B） She likes to tak
34、e long camping trips. （ C） She prefers not to go camping on weekend. （ D） She takes a long time to plan her trips. （ A） He weighs 205 pounds. （ B） He weighs 190 pounds. （ C） He weighs 175 pounds. （ D） He weighs 165 pounds. （ A） Paula. （ B） The woman. （ C） The man. （ D） No one. （ A）￥ 1 million. （ B）￥
35、 1/2 million. （ C）￥ 1/4 million. （ D）￥ 2 million. （ A） What that time is. （ B） How long he will have to wait. （ C） Where the woman has been. （ D） Where they were going. （ A） The weather might prevent Richard from getting to Minneapolis oil time. （ B） Richard will not arrive on time in Minneapolis du
36、e to bad weather. （ C） Richard will call them as soon as he knows more about the weather in Minneapolis. （ D） The woman shouldnt interfere with Richards plans to go to Minneapolis. （ A） They need to begin their work by the fifteenth. （ B） They should take their lab reports off the desk. （ C） They ha
37、ve fifteen minutes to finish their work. （ D） They should get to work on their report soon. （ A） Its variety of colors. （ B） Its unusual texture. （ C） The way it is sold. （ D） Its main ingredient. （ A） Its low purchase price. （ B） Its wide availability. （ C） Its good nutritional value. （ D） Its high
38、er water content. （ A） In a few weeks. （ B） In two or three months. （ C） In about two years. （ D） In ten years. （ A） How much it has improved in recent years. （ B） How reliable long-range forecasts are. （ C） How long it takes to become a meteorologist. （ D） How the current forecast will affect the s
39、peakers. （ A） The amount of cloud covering. （ B） The wind conditions. （ C） The amount of snow. （ D） The temperature. （ A） Some forecasting machines do not work well in hot weather. （ B） The weather patterns are more changeable in the autumn. （ C） Experts spend less time studying autumn. （ D） The Nat
40、ional Weather Service misplaced its spring and summer data. （ A） He no longer believes short-range forecasts. （ B） He is so fascinated that he decides to study meteorology. （ C） He realizes that there is some value in long-range forecasting. （ D） He decides to change his forecast. Section B Directio
41、ns: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To eat less fats and
42、 sugars. （ B） To take much exercise. （ C） To have surgery. （ D） To work hard. （ A） Because they want to look pleasant. （ B） Because they want to keep fit. （ C） Because they are misled by doctors. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） People think too much of their appearance. （ B） There is not a sure way of losin
43、g weight as yet. （ C） Surgery is the fastest way of losing weight. （ D） Being on a diet is a safe way of losing weight. （ A） He should not break the law. （ B） He should send good wine to the judge. （ C） He would be sure to lose the case if he didnt send good wine to the judge. （ D） He would be sure
44、to win the case. （ A） He did as his lawyer said. （ B） He didnt break the law. （ C） He sent the present to the judge. （ D） He didnt send good wine to his lawyer. （ A） The man was an honest man. （ B） The man was a tricky man. （ C） The man was a bad man. （ D） The man was not good or bad. （ A） Science f
45、iction is not a fairly new in literature. （ B） Science fiction is very popular with people today. （ C） Science fiction only deals with terrible ideas., （ D） Many successful films are based on science fiction stories. （ A） One hundred years ago. （ B） Two hundred years ago. （ C） Hundreds of years ago.
46、 （ D） Thousands of years ago. （ A） Some old form of ideal world. （ B） Adventures in ocean. （ C） Predicting development in technology and their effects on society. （ D） Future worlds which have nothing in commnon with our world. （ A） Science fiction writers can foretell things. （ B） Science develops
47、as fast as is predicted by writers. （ C） Science develops faster than writers can imagine. （ D） Science fiction writers can see how science is going. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully f
48、or its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the e
49、xact words you have just heard or write down the 36 In a recent speech, Nobel Prize winner, Glenn T. Seaborg, urged the【 B1】_of an “Inter national Chemical Society“ to help chemistry serve the interests of【 B2】 _Dr. Seaborg is a former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and is now a professor of chemistry at the University of California in Berkeley. Speaking on “Chemistry of file Future“ Dr. Seaborg【 B3】 _that already chemistry has influenced almost every aspect of mans existenee. This includes clothin
