1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 579及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Misleading News. You should write at least I20 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 当今社会虚假新闻越来越多 2. 分 析出现这种现象的原因 3. 呼吁社会改变这种不智之举 二、 Part II Reading Comprehens
2、ion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the state
3、ment contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk? When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it inc
4、reased patients risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims“. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other medicines, too sometimes putting their health at serio
5、us risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken? Americans have somehow come to believe they should get the best medical care with the latest remedies with n
6、o side effects. But there is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, “As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always a risk.“ How You Can Make Informed Decisions Since the
7、re is no such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy(一分为二 )that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us; some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death. So how should you and y
8、our doctor proceed? 1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug. As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is “safe enough“ for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide that any risk is too big an
9、d opt against taking any medications at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects. Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a conditi
10、on that causes chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen(布洛芬 ,一种镇痛非处方药 ), “I mean lots of it,“ she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was “remarkable,“ she says. “I took it every day till it was taken off the market.“ After s
11、peaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and decided
12、that her quality of life was most important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,“ she says, “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the pain.“ 2. Be especially cautious
13、 about new drugs. New drugs are inherently risky. So if youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? If so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell you
14、to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist(药剂师 )? If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you are taking a drug in the same class as one that has been recalled,
15、it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risks. 3. Know if youre in a high-risk group. Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont. Men metabolize(新陈 代谢 )drugs diff
16、erently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. “I worry the most about the elderly,“ says Avorn. “They are vastly under-represented in trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be taking the d
17、rugs when they are approved.“ 4. Ask the right questions. When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are responsible
18、 for your own health and safety. “If the doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find an other doctor,“ says Avorn. After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have about the
19、 drug or its side effects. You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert(插页 )for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if theres been a label change, with new information about the drug
20、 or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI(保险证 明 ). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number for more information, or go to its web-site. 5. Be informed, and f
21、ollow directions carefully. Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names(for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions and take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration
22、 dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC(over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For ex ample, Posicor, an anti-hypertensive drug(治疗高血压的药 ), was taken off the market because it could c
23、ause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions. It is vitally important that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if
24、they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives. 2 Every drug has some side effects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The greater the benefit, the less risk you are to take. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The reaso
25、n why Zena McAdams still takes Celebrex, the medicine which eases her pains but has serious potential side effects is that she believes the benefits certainly outweigh the risks. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 New drugs are more risky than old drugs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Your own health and safety is th
26、e most important thing to you and to your doctor. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 When taking your pills, it is absolutely necessary to read the instructions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 It is of great significance that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they are susp
27、icious of any problem. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 If you are faced with a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, it is wise to choose the one with _. 10 The reason is still _ why certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont. 11 When
28、taking drugs, it is the _ who should be especially watchful, for drags usually arent tested on these groups of people. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what
29、was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） The unsmiling faces. （ B）
30、 The sun. （ C） The residents. （ D） The weather. （ A） Julias friends dont call her very often. （ B） Julia doesnt like talking with her friends. （ C） Julia likes chatting on the phone with her friends. （ D） Julia doesnt have many friends. （ A） Wait for Mr. Whites call. （ B） Make another call later. （
31、C） Pay the manager a visit. （ D） Speak in a louder voice. （ A） He is ashamed of Prof. Wang. （ B） He will congratulate Prof. Wang. （ C） He will help Prof. Wang paint his car. （ D） He will tell Prof. Wang the bad news. （ A） To pay for transportation. （ B） To make a phone call. （ C） To do shopping. （ D
32、） To give them to the woman. （ A） Listening to the radio. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Watching a sports game. （ A） He hasnt seen any movie for a long time. （ B） The movie he saw was Gone with the Wind. （ C） It is one of the best movies he has ever seen. （ D） He likes see
33、ing movies very much. （ A） T-bone steak almost certainly, you are not. On rare occasions, however, the reporter can become a part of the story. Does the newspaper photographer try to stop a woman, from jumping off a bridge to her death or does he photograph the plunge? You are told by your editors,
34、quite appropriately, not to become part of the story. On the other hand, isnt the saving of a life more important? Such incidents place the reporter or photographer in an ethical dilemma. But even if this type of coverage is not your style, theres a good chance that sooner or later you will have to
35、do it. When that occurs, think clearly and set aside your emotions. Keen in mind that you have a duty to your readers, listeners or viewers to keep them informed. There is good reason for media interest in such events. For many years, surveys of news consumers have shown that accidents, fires and di
36、sasters rank with crime and government news near the top of items of reader interest. Those studies confirm what editors know spontaneously: The job of the news media is to get information to the public as quickly and accurately as possible. The media also cover these events in their capacity as wat
37、chdog for the public over government agencies. In the police are slow in responding to an accident, is it because there are not enough officers or because they are poorly supervised? To ask questions like this on behalf of the public, reporters must observe public officials as they perform their dut
38、ies. 58 The word “staple“( Line 1 , Para. 1 )probably means “_“. （ A） big problem （ B） tough job （ C） important part （ D） special item 59 Coverage of accidents becomes unbearable when reporters have to _. （ A） act like the police or firemen （ B） take a big share of the job （ C） rush from one place t
39、o another （ D） do it frequently 60 According to the author, an inexperienced reporter, when assigned to cover an accident, is likely to _. （ A） feel happy to accept the job （ B） overlook important part of the story （ C） get involved in the accident （ D） feel no sympathy for the victim 61 The author
40、thinks that a reporters duty on the scene of an accident is to _. （ A） stand by and be an observer （ B） save the life of victims （ C） feel reluctant to accept the job （ D） set aside his human sympathy 62 Which of the following groups is the author most likely addressing to? （ A） Disaster-relief agen
41、cies. （ B） Consumers of news media. （ C） News media managers. （ D） Students of journalism. 62 El Nino is a disturbance of the worlds normal climate pattern. During El Nino events, the westerly trade winds become slower and the warmer water in the western Pacific moves towards South America. This hug
42、e increase in ocean temperatures - as much as eight degrees centigrade and the change in atmospheric conditions bring rain to the deserts of South America and the rainforests of south-east Asia, with drought conditions throughout eastern and southern Africa. There are many knock-on effects all over
43、the world. The home of El Nino is Peru. El Nino, “the Christ Child“, was first named by Peruvian fishermen one Christmas when they noticed unusual warm currents affecting the Pacific coast of South America. Up and down the country, form desert to highlands, El Nino weather phenomena have brought des
44、tructive floods, costing 200 million in immediate and long-term damage, and undoing the work of many development projects. “The destruction is near total,“ Dominic Brain, a worker for Christian Aid reported. “Few of the houses could withstand the floodwater. Today I visited Acomayo, a shantytown(贫民区
45、 )where 17,500 people once live. Now only ten percent of the houses are still standing. The bulk of the population has lost all their possessions.“ The town of Ica seldom sees rain. Houses for the poor are built of adobe - sun-baked mud - standing side by side in long terraces. When the River Ica bu
46、rst its banks in late January, 15,000 houses were swiftly flooded. Up to 5,000 houses were destroyed - a sign not only of the force of the river, which loosened huge rocks and swept them falling down from the Andean mountains, but of the vulnerability of the homes which hardly ever face rain. “They
47、melted like chocolate,“ exclaimed an eye-witness. “The extent of the damage was terrible!“ Almost immediately health became a problem. Without proper plumbing(排水 ), waste matter rose to the surface of the floodwaters. People received cuts walking through the floodwater and mud. Cholera - epidemic in
48、 Peru in the early nineties - returned, with 90 reported cases in Ica province alone. Tile entire city seems to have drowned - first in floodwaters 1.5 meters high, and then in mud. Sadly, three people lost their lives, sacked into the floodwaters, but it was a miracle that there were not more casua
49、lties(伤亡者 ). 63 El Nino is a warm ocean current _. （ A） which centers on America and Africa （ B） which was named by an American （ C） which kills many people every time （ D） which has side-effects all over the world 64 It can be inferred from the passage that El Nino first appeared in _. （ A） Pacific （ B） Peru （ C） South America （ D） Africa 65 Houses in Ica experienced terrible destruction during the El Nino event because _. （ A） the El Nino event was the strongest （ B） th
