1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 165及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting. You should include in your essay the cause of bad handwriting and solutions to it. You should write at least 120 words bu
2、t no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting Section A （ A） 21 years old. （ B） 5 years old. （ C） 17 months old. （ D） 5 months old. （ A） They were separated by the US doctors. （ B） They were born with joined heads. （ C） Their father is too
3、 young to bring them up. （ D） They were sad to leave the staff. （ A） Their products were not registered. （ B） The quality of their products didnt meet the standard. （ C） They fixed price with the local seller. （ D） They bribed health workers to promote products. （ A） Information about the health ben
4、efits of bottle-feeding. （ B） Instruction for the appropriate preparation in two languages. （ C） Information on how to choose the milk powder properly. （ D） Instructions to help mothers make up the milk. （ A） It changed its policy on posts with violent speech. （ B） It identified people who hate terr
5、orists. （ C） It raised the anger of terrorists. （ D） It suspended some accounts for religious reason. （ A） Updating their information frequently. （ B） Posting hateful things regularly. （ C） Using multiple accounts. （ D） Suspending some of their accounts. （ A） They cant stop terrorists communicating
6、through this channel. （ B） They didnt adjust their policy over the past year. （ C） They didnt make an effort to gain promotion from the public. （ D） They dont update their service frequently enough. Section B （ A） She likes to do some extreme sports. （ B） She gets much pleasure from skiing. （ C） She
7、 was influenced by her parents. （ D） She can show off her skiing skills. （ A） They went skiing. （ B） They learned how to ski. （ C） They went hiking. （ D） They gave lessons on hiking. （ A） Spend the whole vacation with her. （ B） Head back home for Christmas. （ C） Stay in California and learn to ski.
8、（ D） Try to become a professional skier. （ A） Ski in California. （ B） Teach the man to ski. （ C） Visit her friends in Europe. （ D） Stay with the mans family. （ A） She is too busy to spare time. （ B） She has lost her voice. （ C） She doesnt have the mans number. （ D） She doesnt want to talk to the man
9、. （ A） Cancel the class. （ B） Teach the class. （ C） Hand out exam papers. （ D） Collect students homework. （ A） He will use a master key to open the door. （ B） He will get Ashleys key from the woman. （ C） He will ask the departments secretary for help. （ D） He will force the lock with a hammer. （ A）
10、She teaches in math department. （ B） She will not recover until Friday. （ C） She often misses classes for being sick. （ D） She has a class to teach on Friday. Section C （ A） To ride to work from home. （ B） To find a place to park his bike. （ C） To work for 10 hours. （ D） To warm up his cars. （ A） It
11、 was a nice Kona 18 speed. （ B） It was their only possession. （ C） They used it for work and daily life. （ D） The husbands job was bike racing. （ A） From a stranger. （ B） From a newspaper. （ C） From TV news. （ D） From radio broadcasts. （ A） Strangers are usually of little help. （ B） One should take
12、care of their bike. （ C） News reports make people famous. （ D） An act of kindness can mean a lot. （ A） They eat too much for lunch. （ B） They sleep too little at night. （ C） Their body temperatures become lower. （ D） The weather becomes a lot warmer. （ A） They work hard at noon. （ B） They feel too h
13、ot to sleep. （ C） Their work is difficult. （ D） They take naps at noon. （ A） More tired but dont want to sleep. （ B） More exhausted and sleepy later. （ C） Less tired but need more sleep. （ D） More relaxed and energetic. （ A） Experience is exclusively important for success in the industry. （ B） Its t
14、op management positions are held by women. （ C） Agents in the industry can establish independent enterprises. （ D） Its employees at all levels are mostly women. （ A） To do important written work. （ B） To make good use of their knowledge. （ C） To gain the necessary experience. （ D） To deal with other
15、 people in the field. （ A） The agent should only know pricing policies of hotels. （ B） The agent needs to know how to compute fares. （ C） The agent can change travel regulations constantly. （ D） The agent neednt know new developments in the industry. Section A 26 Skip that third helping of roast bee
16、f, save the planet and do your heart a favor at the same time. Thats the advice of Alan Dangour of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues who【 C1】 _the livestock industrys potential to help the UK reduce its carbon emissions to half of 1990 levels by 2030, and the knock-on
17、 effect on the nations health. They found that the industry could reduce its emissions, but only if the livestock the UK produces, and the meat the nation【 C2】 _, drops by 30 per cent Farms must also optimise(最优化 )their energy【 C3】 _by, for example, capturing carbon in animal waste. The health pay-o
18、ff would be【 C4】 _: 18,000 fewer people would die prematurely in the UK each year from heart attacks a(n) 【 C5】 _of 17 per cent as they would eat less of the fats found in meat. The effect would not be limited to rich nations. The team found that Brazil could【 C6】 _the same health benefits. “Were no
19、t saying go vegetarian, were saying reduce how much livestock produce you consume,“ says Dangour. The savings could be【 C7】 _higher if reduced death rates from cancer and obesity had been included, he adds. Agronomist(农艺学家 )Kenneth Cassman of the University of Nebraska warns that cutting production
20、in one region can【 C8】 _it elsewhere, causing a rise in global emissions. “Reducing production of livestock products in a developed country like the UK does little to influence global【 C9】 _in production and consumption where most of the increase in demand between now and 2050 will come from【 C10】_c
21、ountries,“ he says. A)developing E)developed I)boast M)reduction B)even F)just J)achieve N)boost C)trends G)considerable K)considerate O)efficiency D)explored H)consumes L)offers 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Low-carbon Future
22、: We Can Afford to Go Green ATackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the
23、enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modelling(模型化 )exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UKs emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, dri
24、nk and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big changes in our lifestyle. B“These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,“ says Alex Bowen, a cl
25、imate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “Its not such a big ask as people are making out.“ Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. I
26、t provides a useful rough guide to our economic future. CThough its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would incre
27、ase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC. “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,“ says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. “The challenge is n
28、ow to convince consumers and policymakers that this is the case.“ DThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The UK government aims t
29、o reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices f
30、or the right to emit greenhouse gases. EHow will this affect the average citizens wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic dat
31、a to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyo
32、to protocol(京都议定书 ). FMost of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In todays prices, that would
33、add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factors raw materials, labour and taxes ar
34、e far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 p
35、er cent. GAs a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds. There is one major e
36、xception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent raising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around 350 to 84
37、0. HAchieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target,
38、the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace petroleum-f
39、uelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics. I
40、So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK governments climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted from its intended course
41、 by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the models results. JFor example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods r
42、elatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University
43、of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come. 37 Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data. 38 Richard Tol points out that UK companies could find
44、other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price. 39 The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically because no clean energy can replace the jet fuel. 40 Some economists doubt the models results because the prediction may be diverted by unforeseen events. 41
45、As the cost of a green revolution rises, the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases. 42 The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge. 43 The two major policies built by the Cam
46、bridge researchers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system. 44 To reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK industries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead. 45 According to the modellers, emission cuts wont change the lifest
47、yle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out. 46 A study showed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four decades has little effect on the price. Section C 46 Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans arent so good
48、 at money-management. We take out home loans we cant afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We dont save nearly enough for retirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are addi
49、ng money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March. Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisi
