1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 263及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting. You should include in your essay the cause of bad handwriting and solutions to it. You should write at least 120 words bu
2、t no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting Section A （ A） A newly open casino nearby. （ B） A mobile phone with Internet access. （ C） A registered account on special sites. （ D） Knowledge of mobile Internet system. （ A） Europe. （ B） Asia
3、. （ C） South Korea. （ D） Japan. （ A） The story of a survivor. （ B） The power of the tsunami. （ C） The rescue of a survivor. （ D） The struggle between man and nature. （ A） A month. （ B） Three weeks. （ C） Three days. （ D） Two days. （ A） Impose penalties to Iran. （ B） Stop the meeting of IAEA （ C） Call
4、 for a close-door meeting in London. （ D） Restart Irans nuclear program. （ A） Reaching agreement. （ B） Still being undecided. （ C） Breaking down. （ D） Being controversial. （ A） To convince Russia to give more pressure on Iran. （ B） To refer Iran to the U.N. Security Council. （ C） To impose tough san
5、ctions on Iran. （ D） To adopt a diplomatic settlement with Iran. Section B （ A） In a drugstore. （ B） In a supermarket. （ C） On the phone. （ D） On the Internet. （ A） She is going to have dinner with the man. （ B） She is going back home for her parents anniversary. （ C） She is going to visit her frien
6、ds in New Orleans. （ D） She is going to work over time in the office. （ A） It is the womans hometown. （ B） The womans parents will have celebration there. （ C） The woman went to university there. （ D） The womans relatives will take a trip there. （ A） The woman should be alert to heavy traffic. （ B）
7、Many people go to the countryside at the weekend. （ C） The woman should guard against robbers on the way. （ D） Give him a call when the woman arrives home. （ A） To free his mind off work. （ B） To enrich himself. （ C） To make new friends. （ D） To kill the time. （ A） Expensive. （ B） Unusual. （ C） Inte
8、resting. （ D） Relaxing. （ A） She started collecting stamps from her childhood. （ B） A good stamp collection can be built in a short time. （ C） A rare set of stamps is worth a lot of money. （ D） It is nearly impossible to collect a rare set of stamps. （ A） Electronics. （ B） Collecting umbrellas. （ C）
9、 Collecting stamps. （ D） Playing golf or tennis. Section C （ A） It started out as a soft drink. （ B） It was first a cure for headaches. （ C） It tasted bitter and no one liked it. （ D） It was sold to patients only. （ A） Heat it. （ B） Add oil to it. （ C） Shake it gently. （ D） Mix it with water. （ A） I
10、t tasted bitter. （ B） It tasted good. （ C） It was strange. （ D） It was sweet. （ A） It tastes the same as the past. （ B） It is not refreshing now. （ C） It cant cure headaches. （ D） It is much cheaper than before. （ A） Convenient. （ B） Clean. （ C） Crowded. （ D） Lovely. （ A） There are too many people.
11、（ B） People are impolite. （ C） The streets are not wide enough. （ D） Every one is in a rush. （ A） People tend to be asleep on the trains. （ B） People usually read newspapers there. （ C） They always leave and arrive on time. （ D） There are always not enough trains. （ A） Enjoyed the wine and delicious
12、 foods. （ B） Listened to the stories of friends. （ C） Sat alone and waited someone to come up. （ D） Talked to the interesting looking people. （ A） Its a good way to know each other. （ B） People care nobody except themselves. （ C） People are not interested in public affairs. （ D） People care more abo
13、ut themselves. （ A） We need to learn the skills of talking. （ B） Listening is easier than talking. （ C） Being a listener is more important than a talker. （ D） We need interesting topics in a party. Section A 26 Men are much “smarter“ than women when it comes to shopping, according to a survey of 1,0
14、00 people which found that 42% of men arm themselves with loyalty cards and vouchers(优惠券 )before they【 C1】 _the stores, compared with 38% of women. Actually this is【 C2】 _for several reasons. Firstly when men are out shopping, they are【 C3】 _always with a female partner. When men go shopping as part
15、 of a couple, nine times out of 10 it is his female partner who【 C4】 _the purse-fattening loyalty cards. Secondly, a lot of men【 C5】 _to stay in the car, waiting outside the front door. A fat lot of use a loyalty card or discount voucher is to them unless its for money off petrol. Thirdly, women are
16、 much more【 C6】 _about what they need to feed their family. They will survey the fridge, plan meals, write a list of【 C7】 _and pretty much stick to it. Then the survey claims that 46% of us buy own-label goods rather than【 C8】_products. The findings dont specify whether this percentage is mainly【 C9
17、】_of men or women, but in reality you will find more valuable and own-brand products in a female shoppers cart. However, there was one【 C10】 _that made us understand what this survey was all about. It said: “In fact, 84% of men will do everything in their power to be smart about their spending rathe
18、r than go without treats for themselves or their family.“ A)shares E)carries I)branded M)reasonable B)nearly F)unbelievable J)realistic N)hit C)mainly G)statement K)composed O)intend D)prefer H)staples L)arrive 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10
19、】 Section B 36 Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go Green ATackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number
20、 of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modelling(模型化 )exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UKs emissions will cause barely noticeable inc
21、reases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big changes in our lifestyle. B“These results show that the global project to fight climate change is
22、feasible,“ says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “Its not such a big ask as people are making out.“ Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate ch
23、ange policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future. CThough its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of
24、 most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC. “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,“ says Manik Roy of the
25、 Pew Center. “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policymakers that this is the case.“ DThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate
26、change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to
27、pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases. EHow will this affect the average citizens wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The
28、 firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already
29、 in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol(京都议定书 ). FMost of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baselin
30、e. In todays prices, that would add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factors ra
31、w materials, labour and taxes are far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does
32、the contribution climb above 3 per cent. GAs a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a
33、few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent raising the cost of a typical London to New York r
34、eturn trip from around 350 to 840. HAchieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still
35、hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almos
36、t completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Tho
37、ung of Cambridge Econometrics. ISo is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK governments climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be d
38、iverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the models results. JFor example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in t
39、he UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says
40、Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come. 37 Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data. 38 Richard Tol points o
41、ut that UK companies could find other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price. 39 The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically because no clean energy can replace the jet fuel. 40 Some economists doubt the models results because the prediction may be di
42、verted by unforeseen events. 41 As the cost of a green revolution rises, the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases. 42 The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge. 43 The two
43、 major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system. 44 To reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK industries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead. 45 According to the modellers, emis
44、sion cuts wont change the lifestyle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out. 46 A study showed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four decades has little effect on the price. Section C 46 We may all like to consider ourselves free spirits. But a study of the tra
45、ces left by 50,000 cellphone users over three months has conclusively proved that the truth is otherwise. “We are all in one way or another boring,“ says Albert-Laszlo Barabasi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston, who co-wrote the study. “Spontaneous indiv
46、iduals are largely absent from the population.“ Barabasi and colleagues used three months worth of data from a cellphone network to track the cellphone towers each persons phone connected to each hour of the day, revealing their approximate location. They conclude that regardless of whether a person
47、 typically remains close to home or roams far and wide, their movements are theoretically predictable as much as 93 per cent of the time. Surprisingly, the cellphone data showed that individuals movements were more or less as predictable at weekends as on weekdays, suggesting that routine is rooted
48、in human nature rather than being an effect of work patterns. The cellphone records were processed to identify the most visited locations for each user. Then the probability of finding a given user at his or her most visited locations at each hour through the day was calculated. People were to be fo
49、und in their most visited location for any given hour 70 per cent of the time. Not surprisingly, the figure increased at night, and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening, when most people were returning home from work. The team analysed the randomness(随意性 )of peoples traces to show it was theoretically possible to predict the average persons whereabouts as much as 93 per cent of the time. “Say your routine movement is from home to the coffee shop to work: if you are a
