1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 53及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the necessity of innovation. You should write at least 120 words but no more
2、than 180 words. Section A （ A） She thinks her son has almost everything he wants. （ B） She is not sure whether an MP3 player is a nice gift. （ C） She finds it hard to find a proper gift for her husband. （ D） Shes afraid she cant afford anything the mans father wants. （ A） He doesnt write well enough
3、. （ B） He is not a professional writer. （ C） He has no professional experience. （ D） He didnt perform well in the interview. （ A） They dont know how to get to Mickeys home. （ B） They will go to Mickeys graduation ceremony. （ C） They are discussing when to meet again. （ D） They went to the same cerem
4、ony some time ago. （ A） Love stories. （ B） Detective stories. （ C） Stories about jail escapes. （ D） Stories about royal families. （ A） She has trouble getting along with the professor. （ B） She regrets having taken up much of the professors time. （ C） She knows the professor has been busy. （ D） She
5、knows the professor has run into trouble. （ A） The colour suits her. （ B） It goes with her shoes. （ C） It is a little bit expensive. （ D） The style doesnt fit her well. （ A） It was beautiful. （ B） It was messed up. （ C） It was well-organised. （ D） It was clean. （ A） Its cloudy. （ B） It drizzles. （ C
6、） It showers. （ D） It rains heavily. （ A） The man shows off his new sweater. （ B） The man complains about the salesman. （ C） The woman teaches the man how to stand up to the salesman. （ D） The woman and the man discuss who is good at shopping. （ A） The one he likes doesnt suit him. （ B） This sweater
7、 is on special. （ C） This sweater is the most fashionable one. （ D） He is tricked by the salesman. （ A） Bright. （ B） High-necked. （ C） Long-sleeved. （ D） Patternless. （ A） The man should send his wife to go shopping next time. （ B） The mans wife has the final decision. （ C） The man should learn to t
8、urn down the salesman. （ D） The mans wife should sell something to the salesman. （ A） Theres much to do besides work and study. （ B） Its convenient for people to go anywhere. （ C） The natural environment is beneficial to children. （ D） The countryside is a perfect place for weekends. （ A） The childr
9、en are too young to benefit from city life. （ B） Even adults themselves cannot go everywhere in the city. （ C） There is a lot to see and do for children and adults. （ D） There isnt a lot to see and do for children. （ A） She is a full-time housewife. （ B） She does not care for her children. （ C） She
10、used to live in the suburbs in her childhood. （ D） She will go to a museum next weekend. Section B （ A） They lived healthily in a dirty environment. （ B） They thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in. （ C） They believed disease could be spread in public baths. （ D） They considered bathing as the
11、 cause of skin disease. （ A） Afraid. （ B） Curious. （ C） Approving. （ D） Uninterested. （ A） To stress the role of dirt. （ B） To introduce the history of dirt. （ C） To call attention to the danger of dirt. （ D） To present the change of views on dirt. （ A） His past. （ B） His aging. （ C） His manner. （ D
12、） His leaking. （ A） To laugh at the old one. （ B） To take pity on the old one. （ C） To show off its beautiful looks. （ D） To praise the gardeners kindness. （ A） It was taken as a treasure. （ B） It had its own function. （ C） It stayed in its best condition. （ D） It was used to keep a balance. （ A） Hi
13、s family business failed. （ B） He hoped to make his son a dramatist. （ C） He was attracted by the “Great American Dream“. （ D） He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. （ A） It focuses on the skills in doing business. （ B） It talks about the business career of Arthur Miller. （ C） It discus
14、ses the ways to get promoted in a company. （ D） It exposes the cruelty of the American business world. （ A） It achieved huge success. （ B） It won the first Tony Award. （ C） It was warmly welcomed by salesmen. （ D） It was severely attacked by dramatists. （ A） Arthur Miller and his family. （ B） Arthur
15、 Miller and his best-known play. （ C） The awards Arthur Miller won. （ D） The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. Section C 26 Have you ever wondered at the way certain people【 B1】 _the best in others? Weve all known them chief executives,【 B2】 _, parents. They seem to possess an ability to【 B3】 _peo
16、ple. And this remarkable skill in the art of【 B4】_affects the lives of those around them. In a famous study by a Harvard psychologist, they discovered that【 B5】 _a teachers expectations of students tended to improve the childrens performances. Ill tell you how the study【 B6】 _: At the start of one a
17、utumn term in a【 B7】 _school, teachers were assigned a number of new children who were said to have more ability than most and were expected to do well. In fact, the teachers didnt know that these children were chosen【 B8】_and didnt necessarily have a greater ability than others. When they were test
18、ed at the end of the years, the pupils whom the teachers thought had the most potential had increased their IQ more than their【 B9】 _did. They were happier and more eager to study and the teachers said they had a better chance to succeed. It seems that because their teachers had been led to【 B10】 _m
19、ore of them, the children had actually begun to expect more of themselves. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Gender equality, is a well-defined by-product of human development. It always【 C1】 _to how to focus attention on women em
20、powerment. Meanwhile women empowerment confronts challenges【 C2】 _in translating the responsibilities to gender equality into action. Gender discrimination is the prime【 C3】 _of endemic(地方性的 )poverty leading to skyrocketing HIV prevalence. With a【 C4】_to making gender equality a reality as a core co
21、mmitment, women empowerment has to be the stepping stone to sustainable development. HIV/AIDS epidemic is【 C5】 _in Africa and mounting all over the world mostly due to gender discrimination, stigmatisation(偏见 )and unsafe sex practice. To make the spread of epidemic flagged(使衰退 ), widening gender gap
22、s must be【 C6】_. Nowadays young women and girls are at a much higher risk than men. According to the findings of surveys and case studies conducted in Africa, adolescent girls are 5-6 times more likely to be【 C7】 _by HIV virus than boys. According to the social development specialist and AIDS resear
23、cher Mohammad Khairul Alam, “It should be realised that there is no alternative to develop and enhance life skills of【 C8】 _girls and women to cope with epidemic. They may be assisted on the【 C9】 _levels to become engaged in grooming their confidence and organised. At the same time, their voices sho
24、uld be allowed to be heard loud and clear. Thus the collective effort of women is born with the sense or purpose that they will be stirred up to share perceptions improving their【 C10】 _to reproductive health related information and services.“ A)combated I)conservative B)access J)breaking C)competit
25、ively K)vulnerable D)raging L)source E)happens M)infected F)abandoned N)view G)inclines O)various H)constantly 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 History of American Immigration A)Ancient peoples only loosely related to modern Asia
26、ns crossed the Arctic land bridge to settle in America about 15,000 years ago, according to a study offering new evidence that the Western Hemisphere had a more genetically diverse population at a much earlier time than previously thought. The early immigrants most closely resembled the prehistoric
27、Jomon people of Japan and their closest modern descendants, the Ainu, from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the study said. Both the Jomon and Ainu have skull and facial characteristics more genetically similar to those of Europeans than those of mainland Asians. B)The immigrants settled throughout
28、the hemisphere, and were in place when a second migration from mainland Asia came across the Bering Strait beginning 5,000 years ago and swept southward as far as modern-day Arizona and New Mexico, the study said. The second migration is the genetic origin of todays Eskimos, Aleuts and the Navajo of
29、 the US southwest. The study in todays edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences adds new evidence to help settle one of anthropologys(A#)most controversial debates: Who were the first Americans? And when did they come? C)“When this has been done before, its been done from one point
30、 of view,“ said University of Michigan physical anthropologist C. Loring Brace, who led the team of researchers from the United States, China and Mongolia who wrote the new report. “We try to put together more aspects.“ For decades, anthropologists held that the Americas were populated by a single m
31、igration from Asia about 11,200 years ago the supposed age of the earliest of the elegantly crafted, grooved arrowheads first found in the 1930s in Clovis, N.M. By the end of the 1990s, however, the weight of evidence had pushed back the date of the first arrivals several thousand years. A site at C
32、actus Hill, near Richmond, may be 17,000 years old. In Chile, scientists discovering a 12,500-year-old settlement at Monte Verde have found evidence of a human presence that may extend as far as 30,000 years. But as the migration timetable went on, additional questions have arisen. The 1996 discover
33、y in Kennewick, Washington, of the nearly complete skeleton of a 9,300-year-old man with “apparently Caucasoid“ features stimulated interest in the possibility of two or more migrations including the possible incoming from Europe. D)The new study attempted to answer this question by comparing 21 sku
34、ll and facial characteristics from more than 10,000 ancient and modern populations in the Western Hemisphere and the Old World. The findings provide strong evidence supporting earlier work suggesting that ancient Americans, like Kennewick Man, were descended from the Jomon, who walked from Japan to
35、the Asian mainland and eventually to the Western Hemisphere on land bridges as the Earth began to warm up about 15,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. E)Brace described these early immigrants as “hunters and gatherers“ following herds of mastodon(乳齿象 )first into North America, and eventual
36、ly spreading throughout the hemisphere. Because the North in both Siberia and Canada was still extremely cold, only a limited number of people could make the trek(长途跋涉 )and survive. So immigration slowed, Brace said, for about 10 millennia(一千年 ). Then, about 5,000 years ago, agriculture developed on
37、 mainland Asia, enabling people to grow, store and carry food in more lonely areas. Movement resumed, but the newcomers were genetically Asians “distinct racially“ from the first wave, Brace added. F)The second wave spread across what is now Canada and came southward, cohabiting(同居 )with the earlier
38、 settlers and eventually creating the mixed population found by the Spaniards in the 15th century. While many researchers agree on the likelihood of two migrations, both their timing and origin are matters of dispute. Braces team suggests that both movements occurred after the last Ice Age began to
39、moderate between 14,000 and 15,000 years ago. G)But University of Pennsylvania molecular anthropologist Theodore Schurr said genetic data in American populations suggest that humans may have been in the Western Hemisphere much earlier 25,000 to 30,000 years ago. This would mean that the first wave c
40、ame before the “glacial maximum“ between 14,000 and 20,000 years ago, when the Ice Age was at its fiercest and “human movement was practically impossible,“ Schurr said. “Were there people here before the last glacial maximum?“ he asked. “The suggestion is Yes“. H)The third wave arose in the American
41、 continent around the year 1000, when a small number of Vikings arrived. Five hundred years later, the great European migration began. In some cases, the co-existence of Europeans and Native Americans was peaceful. In other cases, there were cultural clashes, leading to violence and disease. Many pe
42、ople from Africa, however, were bought here against their will to work as forced labourers in the building of a new nation. As early as 1619, slaves from Africa and the Caribbean were brought forcibly to America. Later, 102 English colonists(later referred to as the “Pilgrims“)set sail in 1620 on th
43、e Mayflower. They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. This is generally considered by many to be the “start“ of planned European migration! In 1638, just 18 years after the Mayflower, the Swedes began their migration to America. Unlike the Pilgrim Fathers, the Swedes were not religious opponents they
44、 were an organised group of colonizers sent by the Swedish Government to establish a colony in Delaware. In 1655, the colony was lost to the Dutch. In the mid-1840s, a wave of Swedish migration began with the landing of a group of migrant farmers in New York and continued up to World War I. I)During
45、 the colonial era most of the immigrants to the US came from Northern Europe. Their numbers declined during the 1770s, but picked up during the mid-1800s. New arrivals came from several countries, but mostly from Germany and Ireland where crop failures caused many to leave their homelands. Other gro
46、ups also arrived from the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the Scandinavian countries, and Eastern Europe. 47 The anthropologists earlier work believes that the Jomon are the ancestors of Kennewick Man. 48 Only small numbers of early immigrants survived in Canada in that the extreme cold weather wasnt sui
47、table for their survival. 49 According to a study, Jomon peoples facial features have more genetic similarities to Europeans. 50 Cultural clashes made people in the American continent sometimes not co-exist in peace during the third wave of immigration. 51 Before the end of the 1990s, anthropologist
48、s held the opinion that the migration from Asia populated the Americas about 11,200 years ago. 52 Many Irish people immigrated to America because of crop failures in their homeland. 53 Many researchers have different opinions about the first two migrations in the aspect of origin and timing. 54 The
49、second migration includes the ancestors of todays Eskimos and the Navajo of the US southwest. 55 According to Brace, the new immigrants and the first immigrants are totally different in race. 56 According to Theodore Schurr, human movement was impossible during the fiercest period of the Ice Age. Section C 56 Americans seem to be cooling toward global warming. Just 57 percent think there is solid evidence the world is gett
