1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 President Coolidges statement, “The business
2、of America is business,“ still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望 ) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view busines
3、s as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which o
4、ther basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断 ) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each othe
5、r for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is o
6、ften made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans
7、believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardles
8、s of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的 ) idea of inherited privilege. 1
9、 The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“. （ A） The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce （ B） Business problems are of great importance to the American government （ C） Business is of primary concern to Americans （ D） America is a great power in w
10、orld business 2 Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_. （ A） when given equality of opportunity （ B） through doing business （ C） by protecting their individual freedom （ D） by way of competition 3 Who can benefit from business competition? （ A） Honest businessmen. （ B） B
11、oth businessmen and their customers. （ C） People with ideals of equality and freedom. （ D） Both business institutions and government. 4 Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by _. （ A） its absolute control of power （ B） its function in preservi
12、ng personal freedom （ C） its role in protecting basic American values （ D） its democratic way of exercising leadership 5 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _. （ A） Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries （ B） in many countries success often depends on on
13、es social status （ C） American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries （ D） businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 5 Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.“ By this he meant th
14、at the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and
15、 projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal
16、Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry“ or “show business.“ The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity
17、that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量 ) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this sy
18、stem creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.
19、S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits hig
20、h creates feelings of insecurity for many. 6 The United States is a typical country_. （ A） which encourages free trade at home and abroad （ B） where peoples chief concern is how to make money （ C） where all businesses are managed scientifically （ D） which normally works according to the federal budg
21、et 7 The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that_. （ A） most newspapers are run by big businesses （ B） even public organizations concentrate on working for profits （ C） Americans of all professions know how to do business （ D） even arts and entertainment are regarded as busin
22、ess 8 According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that_. （ A） they can start profitable businesses there （ B） they can be more competitive in business （ C） they will make a fortune overnight there （ D） they will find better chances of employment 9 Henry Fords statemen
23、t can be taken negatively because _. （ A） working people are discouraged to fight for their rights （ B） there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists （ C） there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor （ D） public services are not run by the federal government
24、 10 A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in_. （ A） reduction in the number of employees （ B） improvement of working conditions （ C） fewer disputes between labor and management （ D） a rise in workers wages 10 For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. The
25、y are almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in【 1】 Other fans watch the games at home, not leaving their TV sets a minute. The most【 2】 sports fans never miss a game. Many a wife becomes a “sports widow“ during her husbands
26、favorite season. Americas devotion to athletics has created a new class of【 3】 people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in【 4】 for soft drinks, shoes and so on. Not all Americans【 5】 sports, but athletics are an important p
27、art of their culture. Throughout their school life, Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Athletic events at universities attract many fans and【 6】 the whole community. Many people also enjoy noncompetitive【 7】 like hiking, biking, horseback rid
28、ing, camping or hunting. To communicate with American, it helps if you can talk sports. Sports in America represent the international【 8】 of the people who play. Many sports were【 9】 from other countries. European immigrants (移民 ) brought tennis, golf, bowling and boxing to America. Football and bas
29、eball came from other Old World games. Only basketball has a truly American origin. Even today some【 10】 “foreign“ sports like soccer are gaining American fans. In 1994 the U.S. hosted the World Cup for the first time ever. A. wealthy B. benefit C. duration D. constant E. imported F. activities G. d
30、evoted H. necessarily I. worship J. person K. comprised L. advertisements M. heritage N. sufficient O. formerly 11 【 1】 12 【 2】 13 【 3】 14 【 4】 15 【 5】 16 【 6】 17 【 7】 18 【 8】 19 【 9】 20 【 10】 20 For some educators, there is nothing wrong with fun and games. A group called the Education Arcade recen
31、tly held a conference in Los Angeles to discuss the future of【 1】 games. The Education Arcade brings together international game designers, publishers, teachers and policymakers. They say they want to lead【 2】 in the way the world learns through computer and video games. The【 3】 was part of E-three,
32、 the Electronic Entertainment Exposition. This is a yearly trade【 4】 where companies show off new games and educational products. The Education Arcade started at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, near Boston. Professors worked with the Microsoft company to create what they called the Games-
33、to-Teach Project. The group began to【 5】 ways to use technology in teaching and learning. They worked with game designers to develop ideas about how【 6】 and science could mix with game playing. The Education Arcade is the research part of this Games-to-Teach Project. The group recently announced tha
34、t a “Games for Learning“ statement will be【 7】 on some products. This should begin to appear in American stores in about six months. The【 8】 is to help people find games that are fun but will also teach. The Education Arcade says it also wants to get businesses to produce more games that teach. Comp
35、anies have been creating systems like hand-held educational【 9】 made by LeapFrog. And new educational role-playing games are being developed. M.I.T. and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in Virginia are developing a game called “Revolution.“ Players will get to experience the American Revolution【
36、 10】 . A. placed B. mathematics C. primarily D. goal E. occurrences F. show G. explore H. estimated I. radical J. educational K. change L. online M. devices N. conference O. inherit 21 【 1】 22 【 2】 23 【 3】 24 【 4】 25 【 5】 26 【 6】 27 【 7】 28 【 8】 29 【 9】 30 【 10】 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 18答案与解析 Section B Dire
37、ctions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 词义理解题。回答本题的关键是理解 business的两个不同的含义： 商业，生意； 职责，事物，事。句中前一个 b
38、usiness的意思应当是 “事物，职责 ”，而后一个 business的意思应当是 “商业 ”，因此 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解 析】 事实细节题。解题关键在于对第 2段最后一句定语从句的理解。该句指出竞争是对基本美国价值的保护伞，故可知， D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 3段提到，商业之间为利润而互相竞争，因此商人在竞争中能获利；而对待其顾客不好的商家会被友好地对待其顾客的商家在竞争中打败，因此顾客也能从竞争中获利，所以 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事
39、实细节题。第 4段第 1句提到，商业与政府的不同之处在于商业是竞 争性的，而政府是垄断性的，也即有着绝对的控制权，因此 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 5段第 3句提到，靠竞争而来的成功通常被看作是用来替代基于家庭背景的社会地位的成功的美国式的成功。 ”其言下之意是在别的国家成功不是靠竞争，而是靠社会地位。因此 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第 2段第 2句 “随便翻下一家日报就可美国人有多么重视商业 ”可推断出 B符合题 意。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答
40、案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 2段大量列举了 business的影响的例子，特别是根据最后一句 “艺术和娱乐界就常被称为 娱乐业 或 展览业 ”可知 D正确，而 A、B、 C均与原文信息不符。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段第 2句谈到 “如此多的人从世界各地来美国生活，其最重要的原因之一就是梦想找到一份更好的工作 ”，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推 理判断题。本文第 4段是在讲 Henry Ford的言论的消极面，根据该段中的 the biggest companiesinopposition t
41、o labor 可看出 C与之相符，故选C。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据文章的最后一句，可知 downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers正是一些公司节约成本提高利润的手段， A为原文该句的同义改写，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 此处应为名词，可与介词 in构成词组作 watch的状语。结合下一句的 Other fans watch the games at home，可以推断空白处应为 person。watchplay in pers
42、on 意为 “亲眼目睹 打比赛 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 此处应为形容词，修饰 fans。从本句中提到的 never miss a game可以推断只有最热衷的球迷才会这样做，因此 devoted一词最符合本句 句意。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处应为形容词，修饰 people。下一句表明本句中提到的职业运动员年薪很高，由此可推断这些运动员很富有，因此 wealthy为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处应为名词。结合本句说到的 big money,appearing， for sof
43、t drinks等词可以推断空白处最合适的词是 adver-tisements，因为现在明星拍广告能赚大钱。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此处应为及物动词，且为动词原形。从本句中 but可以推断句中第一个分句表明 “虽然不是所有人都崇尚喜欢运动 ”，空白处应表明 “崇尚 ”、 “喜欢 ”等意思，由此可见， worship是最适合的词。 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此处应为及物动词，且为动词原形。从本段对运动的描述可以推断空白处的动词应具积极意义， benefit最合适表明运动可以造福社区。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 F
44、【试题解析】 此处 应为名词，且为复数。句中的 like及其后所列举的运动项目说明了这些都属于非竞争性的活动，由此可见，本题答案为 activities。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 此处应为名词。本句是最后一段的主题句，该段说明了各种运动的起源，由此可见，主题句应表明运动是一种国际性的遗产，因此本题答案为heritage。 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 此处应为及物动词，而且是过去分词的形式，与 were构成本句谓语。本句及其后两句都指出有一 些美国的运动来自于其他国家因此只有imported与此语义相关。 【知识模块】 阅读 20
45、【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 此处应为副词，修饰 foreign。根据上下文的句意，可以推断词库中只有 formerly适当，表明原本外来的运动现在也受欢迎。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 21 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 此处应为形容词，修饰 games。在词库中 educational和 online都是可能的选择，但上下文多次提到 education一词，由此可见，这 篇文章讨论的是教育游戏，而不是在线游戏，因此 educational最适合。 【知识模块】 阅读 22 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析】 此处应为名词，作 lead的宾语。根据上下文，考虑到该次会议所讨论的内
46、容及其目的，可以推断此处应为 change。 lead change意为 “引导变革 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 23 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此处应为名词，回指上一段提到的 conference。 【知识模块】 阅读 24 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处应为 名词，根据该句中 this一词的提示，所需名词的意思应该与上一句的 exposition同义，因此答案是 show。 【知识模块】 阅读 25 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 此处需要动词原形，而且是及物动词。在词库中， explore和change都符合词性的要求，但上下文一直没有提到旧的方式，因此也不会涉及 “改变 ”，
47、由此可排除 change。因此答案为 explore。 【知识模块】 阅读 26 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此处需要名词，与 science并列作 mix的主语。因为该 词与 science并列，可以推断它也是一门学科，只有 mathe-matics合适。 【知识模块】 阅读 27 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处应该是动词的过去分词，与 will be构成该句的谓语。根据statement和下文的 on some products可以推断该词应该是 placed，意为 “放置 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此处应为单数名词，表明粘贴声明的目的，因此答案就是 goal。 【知识模块】 阅读 29 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 此处应为名词，从上下文可以判断该名词是某种 system，是一种设备，因此答案是 devices。 【知识模块】 阅读 30 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处需要副词作状语修饰动词 experience，表示学习经历的方式，词库中相符的词为 online。 experience theAmerican Revolution online意为 “在线体验美国革命 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读
