1、山东省成人本科英语模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp
2、onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like abi
3、lity, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in t
4、he right software or by altering the architecture but that two will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machine of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will b
5、e able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale,
6、we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined; further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the cons
7、truction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 1 In what way can we make a machine intelligent? （ A） By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space. （ B） By working hard for 10 or 20 years. （ C） By either properl
8、y programming it or changing its structure. （ D） By reproduce it. 2 What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability? （ A） He believes they will be useful to human beings. （ B） He believes that they will control us in the future. （ C） He is not quite sure in what way they may influe
9、nce us. （ D） He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possible. 3 The word “carbon“ stands for_. （ A） intelligent robots （ B） a chemical element （ C） an organic substance （ D） human being 4 A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _. （ A） its intelligence and cost are beyond ques
10、tion （ B） it is able to bear the rough environment （ C） it is made as complex as the human brain （ D） its architecture is different from that of the present ones 5 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capabl
11、e of self-reproduction （ B） with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability （ C） once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence （ D） robots will have control of the vast, man-made wo
12、rld in space 5 No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailie
13、s like the Washington Post or the New York Times exert a powerful influence all over the country. However, The Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these pr
14、esent detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational“, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions America
15、n newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with the lure of television. Just as American Newspapers cater to all tastes, so they also try to appeal to readers of all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the
16、far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American ne
17、wspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The Newspapers drew the attention of the public to t
18、he horrors of the Vietnam War. 6 There are fewer national newspapers in_. （ A） Britain than in the USA （ B） France than in Britain （ C） the USA than in Britain or France （ D） France than in the USA or Britain 7 Most American newspapers try hard to entertain their readers because _. （ A） they have to
19、 keep up a good relation with them （ B） they have to compete with television （ C） they have to write about crime, sex and gossip （ D） they have to give factual news in an interesting way 8 Many American newspapers attract readers of different political inclination by_. （ A） supporting extremist grou
20、ps from time to time （ B） inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for them （ C） avoiding carrying articles about extremists （ D） printing articles representing different political viewpoints 9 In this passage, the word “press“(Para. 2)means_. （ A） a machine for printing （ B） great fo
21、rce （ C） the business of printing （ D） newspapers in general 10 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） the characteristics of American newspapers （ B） the development of American newspapers （ C） the functions of American newspapers （ D） the merits and shortcomings of American newspapers 10 Television ha
22、s changed the life style of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made. Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people s lives. It alters people
23、s ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains modern life. Television has become a baby sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that tel
24、evision is not a teacher but a sustainer: the poor quality of programming does not elevate(提高 )people into greater understanding, hut rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists. The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programm
25、ing development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money
26、for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible, to do so requires that t
27、he programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging. Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will re
28、quire a change in the entire system. 11 According to the author American television is poor in quality because_. （ A） advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas （ B） it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio （ C） the programs have to be developed in the in
29、terests of the sponsors for economic reasons （ D） it is controlled by radio companies 12 The second paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） TV as the sustaincr of American life （ B） TV as the major transmitter of culture （ C） the educational effect of TV on society （ D） the strong influence and the poor q
30、uality of American TV 13 In the authors view American TV should_. （ A） be critical but entertaining （ B） be creative and educational （ C） change with the development of society （ D） attract as many viewers as possible 14 The author believes that television in the United States has become important t
31、o most people because_. （ A） it promotes family unity （ B） it helps them develop their speaking ability （ C） it affects their life in many ways （ D） it challenges society 15 The author s attitude towards American television is_. （ A） critical （ B） praising （ C） doubtful （ D） sympathetic 15 Are you p
32、lanning a vacation? If you like hot and extremely dry summers, go to Phoenix, Arizona. For hot temperatures but lots of rain and thunderstorms, try Miami, Florida. If you want average temperatures and rainfall, St. Louis, Missouri, is the spot. Or if you re a cold weather fan, head to Fairbanks, Ala
33、ska. Its winters are very cold with little precipitation. Each of these cities has a certain type of weather. The average weather for a place over many years is called climate, and in no two places in the world is it exactly the same. How can this be? Many things in nature, such as sunshine, tempera
34、ture, and precipitation, affect climate. Nearness to mountain, oceans, and large lakes affects it too. Another factor is altitude, or height above sea level. Air cools as altitude increases. So a city at a higher altitude may be colder than one at a lower altitude. Finally, winds affect climate. The
35、y move heat and moisture between the oceans and continents. Winds keep the tropics from overheating. They keep the polar regions from getting overly cold. Climate changes over long periods of time. Some scientists think, for example, that the earth s climate changed at the time of the dinosaurs. The
36、y think the dinosaurs died because of the change. What causes a climate to change? One possible cause may be changes in the sun. Sunspots, for example, are cool, dark spots that form on the sun. Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusually dry periods. Changes in the atmosphe
37、re may change climate too. Volcanic eruptions, for instance, release solid particles into the air. These particles may form a cloud that blocks out the sun s heat. Human activity is another cause of climate change. Air pollution and the reduction of forest cover may have long-term effects on climate
38、. 16 This passage is concerned with things that affect_. （ A） precipitation （ B） climate （ C） altitude （ D） sunspots 17 Change in climate may have caused_. （ A） dinosaurs to die （ B） dark spots to form on the sun （ C） volcanic eruption （ D） air pollution 18 The effect of a volcanic eruption on clima
39、te may be to make it_. （ A） wetter （ B） dryer （ C） warmer （ D） colder 19 To help readers understand how climate can change, the writer uses_. （ A） examples （ B） a story about the seashore （ C） order of importance （ D） a strong argument 20 Which of the following is the place of greatest altitude on a
40、 mountain? （ A） The foot of the mountain. （ B） 8,500 feet up the mountain. （ C） The top of the mountain. （ D） 15,785 feet up the mountain. 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C an
41、d D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21 The reason_I m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. （ A） because （ B） why （ C） for （ D） as 22 The British are not so familiar wit
42、h different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries. （ A） as （ B） what （ C） so （ D） that 23 The old lady is very_the Party s consideration. （ A） grateful to （ B） grateful for （ C） gratified at （ D） gracious to 24 I asked the soldier what he was in_life. （ A） o
43、rdinary （ B） daily （ C） common （ D） civilian 25 To improve the_is regarded as a good method to increase the farmer s income in the south part of the country. （ A） sewage （ B） drainage （ C） aqueduct （ D） archway 26 _the 1500 s_the first European explored the coast of California. （ A） It was not until
44、, when （ B） It is not until, when （ C） It is until, that （ D） It was not until, that 27 With the help of a metal detector, the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2,000-square-feet area, often_beneath sand and seaweed. （ A） burying （ B） buried （ C） bury （ D） was buried 28 In reading s
45、tories we anticipate what is to come_on our memory of what has gone before. （ A） based （ B） basing （ C） to base （ D） to be based 29 The people who objected to the new approach were told that since work had already started, there was no point in_. （ A） denying （ B） protect （ C） protesting （ D） compet
46、ing 30 His friends_him of having broken his words. （ A） denounced （ B） complained （ C） accused （ D） charged 31 We are late. I expect the film_by the time we get to the cinema. （ A） will already have started （ B） would already have started （ C） will have already started （ D） has already been started
47、32 His doctor insists_for a few days. （ A） that he is resting （ B） his resting （ C） him to rest （ D） that he rest 33 There wasn t much snow last winter so people couldn t go _ except in the mountains. （ A） skiing （ B） to ski （ C） skied （ D） having skied 34 I suppose you couldnt let me borrow your ca
48、r this evening,_? （ A） couldnt I （ B） could you （ C） dont I （ D） will you 35 I chose a small room with the window_ the street. （ A） faces （ B） facing （ C） faced （ D） to face 36 Sometimes we are asked_ we think the likely result of an action will be. （ A） that （ B） whether （ C） what （ D） which 37 Whi
49、le watching television,_. （ A） the doorbell rang （ B） the bell of the door was ringing （ C） we heard the doorbell ring （ D） we rang the doorbell 38 I hope you won t mind _ you the truth. （ A） being told （ B） to be telling （ C） telling （ D） my telling 39 I will go home for the vacation as soon as I_ my exams. （ A） will finish （ B） finished （ C） am finishing （ D） have finished 40
