1、托福模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 0 1 Why does the student go to see his adviser? （ A） To find out if he can change one of his classes （ B） To ask her for a letter of recommendation （ C） To check the time of his registration appointment （ D） To learn if he still has required courses to take 2 Why does the adviser say
2、 this: （ A） To invite the student to attend a meeting with her （ B） To let the student know that she will have to leave soon （ C） To announce that she will be speaking at a meeting （ D） To explain why she cannot help the student right now 3 What does the student want to do next year? （ A） Change his
3、 major field of study （ B） Study at the university （ C） Work as a weather forecaster （ D） Become a professional golf player 4 In which subject areas must the student take courses next semester? Click on two answers. （ A） Social science （ B） Natural science （ C） Humanities （ D） Physical education 5 W
4、hat does the student imply about golf?. （ A） Golf is his favorite leisure activity. （ B） He enjoys playing golf with his boss. （ C） He would like to know more about golf. （ D） He has never played golf before. 5 6 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） The components of the immune system （ B） Why som
5、e people are immune from disease （ C） A severe type of immune response （ D） Dangers of different types of shock 7 According to the professor, what can initiate anaphylaxis? Click on two answers. （ A） Alcohol （ B） Bee venom （ C） Peanuts （ D） A virus 8 Why does the professor tell a story about a littl
6、e girl at a birthday party? （ A） To find out which students have children （ B） To frighten the class with facts about bees （ C） To change the topic of the discussion （ D） To stress the serious effects of an allergy 9 Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the profess
7、or say this: （ A） To stress the mysterious nature of severe immune responses （ B） To argue that anaphylaxis is mainly the result of bad luck （ C） To point out that scientists disagree over what causes allergies （ D） To suggest that people are crazy to eat offending substances 10 The professor descri
8、bes what happens during anaphylactic shock. Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process. For each sentence, click in the correct box. 11 What can be inferred about surviving anaphylaxis? （ A） It is impossible for children to survive anaphylaxis. （ B） Only a few people have ever sur
9、vived anaphylaxis. （ C） Survival depends on immediate medical treatment. （ D） The professor knows someone who survived the disease. 11 12 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） American farm life in the early twentieth century （ B） The history of a successful business innovation （ C） Differences betwee
10、n the rural and urban way of life （ D） The effects of mail-order catalogs on rural America 13 How did the mail-order business begin? （ A） A businessman sent a catalog to a large number of farmers. （ B） The railroads started delivering goods to isolated rural areas. （ C） The post office added new ser
11、vices to promote ordering by mail. （ D） A group of farmers organized a method of cooperative buying. 14 Why does the professor mention Rural Free Delivery and Parcel Post? （ A） To give examples of early mail-order houses （ B） To compare the benefits of two different types of services （ C） To explain
12、 how these services helped the mail-order business （ D） To describe the origins of the concept of customer service 15 According to the professor, what two factors led to the similarity of goods available nationwide? Click on two answers. （ A） The mass production of goods （ B） The wide distribution o
13、f catalogs （ C） The growing interest in regional styles （ D） The desire to copy designer fashions 16 What does the professor mean when she says this: （ A） Immigrants were required to buy a textbook to learn English. （ B） Most of the people who used mail-order catalogs were immigrants. （ C） The Sears
14、 catalog taught immigrants about American culture. （ D） People immigrated to America for its economic opportunities. 17 Based on the information in the talk, would the professor most likely agree or disagree with each statement below? For each sentence, click in the correct box. 17 18 What is the ma
15、in subject of the conversation? （ A） The importance of pure water （ B） Factors that affect the color of water （ C） How the human eye perceives color （ D） The colors of the light spectrum 19 What does the student mean when she says this: （ A） She does not believe that water is colorless. （ B） She has
16、 difficulty seeing certain colors. （ C） It is possible to see through water only if it is clear. （ D） It is interesting to look at things underwater. 20 Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this: （ A） To express her fear of very deep water （ B）
17、 To explain why she likes the color of the ocean （ C） To change the topic of the conversation （ D） To check her understanding of what the tutor said 21 According to the conversation, what factors influence the color of water? Click on two answers. （ A） Waves on the surface （ B） The depth of the wate
18、r （ C） Sediments in the water （ D） The water temperature 22 What can be inferred about a lake with brown water? （ A） The lake is not safe for swimming. （ B） The lake has a sandy bottom. （ C） The water contains suspended particles. （ D） The water is very deep in the center of the lake. 22 23 Accordin
19、g to the professor, how did children acquire their culture throughout most of history? （ A） By experiencing life in another country （ B） By watching cultural programs on television （ C） By going to the museum and the library （ D） By listening to parents and grandparents 24 What does the professor me
20、an by the term “cultural narrator“? （ A） The voice that tells a story on a television program （ B） The medium that conveys a cultures values and beliefs （ C） A book that is considered a classic in its field （ D） A scholar who states theories about popular culture 25 According to the professor, why d
21、id Marshall McLuhan study popular culture? （ A） McLuhan wanted to understand the values of his students. （ B） McLuhan needed an interesting topic for his dissertation. （ C） McLuhan wanted to write stories for a popular magazine. （ D） McLuhan enjoyed watching television with his family. 26 What is th
22、e professors opinion of The Medium is the Message? （ A） It is a good source of information about cultural history. （ B） Its ideas are becoming less relevant today than in the past. （ C） It was the first book to argue that television was bad for society. （ D） It will influence how the students think
23、about communication. 27 Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: G （ A） To compare different ways of conveying a message （ B） To explain an important theory of communications （ C） To show that miscommunication is a serious problem （ D） To introd
24、uce a controversial topic of conversation 28 Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. What does the professor imply about the effects of the media on society? （ A） The media did not affect society before the twentieth century. （ B） Television has a mostly negative effect on hum
25、an behavior. （ C） The medias effects are of widespread interest and concern. （ D） The Internet will be the most influential medium in the future. 28 29 What does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） Recent advances in agricultural technology （ B） How farm products are supplied to consumers （ C） Method
26、s that farmers use to increase production （ D） Ways of transporting farm products to stores 30 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To illustrate the unreasonable demands of the typical consumer （ B） To compare consumers in North America with those in other places （ C） To give examples of common ag
27、ricultural products in North America （ D） To explain why agricultural marketing technology is necessary 31 Which of the following are examples of the marketing function of harvesting? Click on two answers. （ A） picking cotton （ B） Sorting eggs by size （ C） Moving corn to a grain elevator （ D） Milkin
28、g cows 32 According to the professor, why is assembling an important function in agricultural marketing? （ A） It allows markets to deal efficiently with large quantities. （ B） It gives consumers a variety of products to choose from. （ C） It results in products of uniform size, color, or quality. （ D
29、） It helps farmers make decisions about what crops to grow. 33 What is the purpose of grading agricultural products? （ A） It encourages farmers to produce crops of the highest quality. （ B） It enables consumers to buy products that meet uniform standards. （ C） It allows the government to regulate ag
30、ricultural markets. （ D） It promotes the development of better marketing infrastructure. 34 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To show that agriculture involves taking risks （ B） To illustrate the function of transporting （ C） To compare various methods of harvesting （ D） To describe job opportun
31、ities in marketing 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 “Layers of Social Class“ Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of peoples social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided
32、 into several classes: upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, and lower class. Each class is defined by characteristics such as income, occupational prestige, and educational attainment. The different groups are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at
33、 the top and those with the least at the bottom. In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constit
34、ute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. They exercise enormous control throughout society. Most of their wealth is inherited. Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born. Each yea
35、r, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the “Forbes 400“ the four hundred wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, more than half is inherited. Those on the list who could be called “self-made“ were not typically of modest
36、origins; most inherited significant assets (Forbes, 1997; Sklar and Collins,1997). Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into “old rich“ circles. The upper middle class includes th
37、ose with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can be quite high indeed-successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group bec
38、ause of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle class. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as “middle class“ because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is simply beyond the means of a majority of people in the
39、 United States. The middle class is hard to define; in part, being “middle class“ is more than just economic position. By far the majority of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United State
40、s is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle because, in general, people tend not to want to recognize class distinctions in the United States. Thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have a
41、 tenuous hold on this class position. In the hierarchy of social class, the lower middle class includes workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Examples are blue-collar workers (those in skilled trades who do man
42、ual labor) and many service workers, such as secretaries, hairdressers, waitresses, police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term “lower“ in this class designation refers to the relat
43、ive position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people, especially to people who are members of this class. The lower class is composed primarity of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or wor
44、king in minimum-wage jobs.A Forty percent of the poor work; 10 percent work year- round and full timea proportion that has generally increased over time. Recently, the concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class.B The underclass includes those who have been left behind by Contemporar
45、y economic developments.C Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities.D 35 The word those in the passage refers to （ A） characteristics （ B） groups （ C） classes （ D） continuum 36 The word enormous in the passage is closes
46、t in meaning to （ A） very large （ B） very new （ C） very early （ D） very good 37 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information. （ A） Although it is not generally accepted
47、, your family provides the best prediction of your future wealth. （ B） You can achieve great future wealth in spite of the family in which you may have been born. （ C） It is not true that your family will restrict the acquisition of your future wealth and level of social status. （ D） Social myths ar
48、e contrary to the facts about the future wealth and social status of your family. 38 Why does the author mention the “Forbes 400“ in paragraph 3? （ A） To explain the meaning of the listing that appears every year （ B） To support the statement that most wealthy people inherit their money （ C） To cast
49、 doubt on the claim that family income predicts individual wealth （ D） To give examples of successful people who have modest family connections 39 In paragraph 4, the author states that business and professional people with educational advantages are most often members of the （ A） lower middle class （ B） upper middle class （ C） nouveau riche （ D） upper class 40 The word primarily in the passage is closest in meaning to （ A） mostly （ B） somewhat （ C） finally （ D） always 41 The word contemporary in the passage is closest in meaning to （ A） unexpected （ B） modern （ C） st
