1、托福模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 0 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in the chemistry class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 1 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The function of an atom. （ B） The development of atom theory. （ C） The structure of an atom. （ D） Met
2、hods to find an atom. 2 In the lecture, the professor describes the modern atom theory. Clink on the correct box for each statement. 3 Why does the professor mention paper clips? （ A） To make an analogy to atoms. （ B） To do a chemical experiment. （ C） To show the usage of paper clips. （ D） To provid
3、e some useful stationery. 4 According to the speech, who found the way to weigh atoms? （ A） Democritus. （ B） Carl H. Snyder. （ C） Amadeo Avogadro. （ D） John Dalton. 5 What does the professor mean when he says this? （ A） He wants the students to divide everything. （ B） He does not like many paper cli
4、ps. （ C） He wants to generalize the features of an atom. （ D） He thinks the students cant understand him. 6 What does the professor mean by saying this ? （ A） The combination ratio of atoms was resolved. （ B） The weighing method of atoms was resolved. （ C） The construction of water was resolved. （ D
5、） The structure of an atom was resolved. 6 Narrator Listen to the conversation between a student and the club secretary. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 7 Why does the student call the language club? （ A） To quit the language club. （ B） To apply for
6、a job there. （ C） To ask for information. （ D） To chat with somebody. 8 What is the students attitude toward the language club? （ A） He wants to join the club. （ B） He thinks the charge is high. （ C） He thinks the activities are dull. （ D） He likes the debate group best. 9 According to the secretary
7、, what two requirements should the applicant meet to join the language club?Clink on 2 answers. （ A） He must be a student of the university. （ B） He must pay the fee on time. （ C） He must be an overseas student. （ D） He must be keen on language. 10 What does that mean? （ A） He isnt sure of the membe
8、rship fee. （ B） He cant decide which group to join. （ C） He cant remember the phone number. （ D） He doesnt like to visit the advisor. 11 How can the student find the advisor? （ A） By calling 8843 at 3 a. m. on Monday. （ B） By visiting room No. 121 on Tuesday. （ C） By calling 8843 at 8 a. m. on Wedne
9、sday. （ D） By calling 8834 at 8 a. m. on Wednesday. 11 Narrator Listen to a talk on home automation in a mechanical engineering class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 12 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The differences between traditional and auto
10、mated houses. （ B） The advantages of automated houses. （ C） The tendency of home automation. （ D） The history of automation technology. 13 What are the benefit of home automation? （ A） Comfortable and cheap. （ B） Environmentally friendly. （ C） Stable and comfortable. （ D） Secure and convenient. 14 A
11、ccording to the professor, what is the main reason for the popularity of home automation system? （ A） People are fond of new and modern things. （ B） People dream of creating a space-age home. （ C） People dream of an easy life. （ D） People have not enough time for household chores. 15 How does home a
12、utomation benefit disabled people?Clink on 2 answers. （ A） It helps them to perform impossible tasks at home. （ B） It allows them to use voice commands. （ C） It keeps them safe from fire. （ D） It makes their life more enjoyable. 16 What does the home automation system consist of? （ A） Computers, wir
13、ing and sensors. （ B） Complicated computer networks. （ C） Video-cameras, TV sets and alarms. （ D） Microprocessors, transmitters and electric cables. 17 Why does the professor say this? （ A） Because it controls an alarm automatically. （ B） Because it turns on lights. （ C） Because it keeps the home sa
14、fe. （ D） Because it frightens strangers. 17 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture about GPS. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 18 What aspect of GPS does the talk mainly discuss? （ A） What it is made up of and its shortcomings （ B） How it works and its
15、attributes. （ C） The history of its development. （ D） How it is different from other technologies 19 What can be inferred about the present GPS functions? （ A） It is only used for military purposes. （ B） It is now important to civilian life. （ C） It handles all kinds of situations. （ D） It offers ac
16、curate calculations. 20 According to the speaker, how accurate is a Garmin GPS receiver? （ A） About 17 feet across. （ B） An average of three to five meters. （ C） Within 15 meters on average. （ D） More than 13 meters. 21 What does the professor imply when she says this? （ A） At least 4 satellites can
17、 make 3D position. （ B） To make 3D position three satellites are enough. （ C） At least 4 satellites can make 2D position. （ D） The GPS receiver is very difficult to lock. 22 What does the professor mean when she says this? （ A） GPS is very useful in military and civilian fields. （ B） GPS is very goo
18、d at data calculation. （ C） GPS is a modern way to transit signals. （ D） It is very difficult for GPS to determine position. 23 What can be inferred about the use of GPS nowadays? （ A） GPS can be used nearly 24 hours a day. （ B） GPS can be used in certain places in the world. （ C） GPS provides great
19、 convenience for us. （ D） GPS can be used without subscription or setup fees. 23 Narrator Listen to part of a talk in an environmental science class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 24 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The definition of air polluta
20、nt. （ B） The causes of air pollution. （ C） The dangers of air pollutants. （ D） Ways to fight air pollution. 25 According to the speaker, what is the feature of air pollutants? （ A） Its contents often remain stable. （ B） Its definition will change over time. （ C） Air pollutants are natural. （ D） Air
21、pollutants are man-made. 26 According to the speaker, what might be an air pollutant in the future? （ A） Sulfur oxides. （ B） Carbon monoxide. （ C） Nitrogen oxides. （ D） Water vapor. 27 What may be influenced by air pollutants? Clink on 2 answers. （ A） Humans and animals. （ B） The global climate. （ C
22、） Vegetations and plants. （ D） Mineral materials. 28 What does the professor mean when he says this? （ A） Little is known about defining a substance as an air pollutant. （ B） The substance isnt an air pollutant when there is a very little in the air. （ C） The substance cant be judged to be an air po
23、llutant only from its actual concentration level. （ D） The actual concentration level means little to people. 29 What can be inferred from this? （ A） Sometimes natural air pollutants can purify air. （ B） Natural air pollutants are harmful to people. （ C） There are some chemical reactions in the air.
24、 （ D） Air pollutants move from air to water or soil. 29 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 30 Why did the student miss the lesson? （ A） She was badly ill. （ B） She forgot the l
25、esson. （ C） Her mother was ill. （ D） Her mother was busy. 31 Why did the student visit the professor? （ A） To ask for a day off. （ B） To ask some questions. （ C） To return some books. （ D） To hand in homework. 32 According to the professor, what is the advantage of hard copies over electronic docume
26、nts? （ A） Time saving. （ B） Easier operation. （ C） More flexibility. （ D） Cheaper cost. 33 What will the student probably do next? （ A） Prepare presentation. （ B） Have another lesson. （ C） Visit his mother. （ D） Visit another professor. 34 Whom does the student refer to when he says “he“? （ A） The a
27、uthor of the text. （ B） The students friend. （ C） The Internet articles author. （ D） Professor King. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 Global DevelopmentsSociologists tell us there is a link between private lives and social forces. An outstanding example of such a link is the contrast in l
28、ife chances between people in developed and in less developed countries. A child born in, say, the United States or Switzerland is not a better or more deserving person than one born in Ethiopia or Brazil. Yet because of social forces beyond individual control, each child faces the prospect of livin
29、g out a lifetime under utterly different material conditions. Why should this be? What can account for the fact that some societies have become heavily industrialized and economically advanced, while others are changing so much more slowly? Social scientists have offered two different explanations.
30、One emphasizes a universal but uneven process of modernization and economic growth; the other focuses on a worldwide system of political and economic inequality. Some social scientists view development in terms of modernization, a process of economic, social and cultural change that facilitates the
31、transition from pre-industrial to industrial society. Modernization theorists claim that the various countries of the world are converging on a basically similar social type, the modern industrialized society. Some 250 years ago, the developed countries of today also had rudimentary, pre-industrial
32、economies, but because they modernized relatively quickly, they now have productive economies that offer high living standards. During the same period, however, the poor countries have been slow to modernize. Differences in development, therefore, are largely the result of uneven modernization; but
33、as “modern“ features spread from the developed to the less developed countries, they too will follow the path to industrialization and affluence. What kinds of change does modernization entail? Some modernization theorists emphasize a change in individual psychology. They claim that people in the de
34、veloped societies are more likely to have a work ethic, a desire for achievement, a willingness to defer gratification, a sense of control over their destiny, a strong sense of individualism. In contrast, a lack of ambition, an orientation toward the present, a fatalistic outlook, and a weak sense o
35、f individualism are said to be typical of people in more traditional societies.(A) Other modernization theorists emphasize sweeping structural changes in society.(B) Traditional societies are more likely to have an extended family system, in which kinship obligations encourage people to remain, phys
36、ically and socially, where they started.(C) Similarly, modernization involves such features as heavy urbanization, extensive schooling, advanced technology, low population growth, a legal-rational political system, and a range of sophisticated services such as efficient transport, banking and commun
37、ications.(D) On the whole, these features are lacking or inadequate in less developed countries, where government is usually authoritarian, the population is predominately rural and ill educated, and the necessary services are not in place. Other social scientists view development in the context of
38、the world system, a network of unequal economical and political relationships among the developed and the less developed countries. This international system consists of a “core“ of highly industrialized countries, and a “periphery“ of less developed countries that are dependent on and exploited by
39、those at the core. World-system theorists point out that the peoples of the third world were quite capable of providing for themselves before “modern“ ideas and technologies began to “diffuse“ from the colonial powers. In fact, they claim, development and underdevelopment proceeded simultaneously ov
40、er a period of more than two centuries as the richer countries financed their own industrial expansion by draining the surplus resources of the poorer ones. The colonial system finally broke down when the last of the colonies won their formal independence around the middle of the twentieth century,
41、But by then a new international relationship had been established: neocolonialism, the informal political and economic domination of some societies by others, such that the former are able to exploit the labor and resources of the latter for their own purposes. In essence, the world system is a form
42、 of international stratification, with a wealthy minority enjoying a disproportionate share of the planets resources and using various means political, economic, and sometimes military to maintain their position. 35 The word rudimentary in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） basic （ B） afflu
43、ent （ C） enormous （ D） adequate 36 The word entail in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） consist （ B） exploit （ C） obtain （ D） involve 37 According to the passage, all of the following statements about the process of modernization are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） people in developed countries ar
44、e able to control their destiny （ B） people in developed countries have a strong sense of individualism （ C） people in developed countries have little ambition （ D） people in developed countries are eager to make achievements 38 According to Paragraph 3, modernization has all of the following featur
45、es EXCEPT_. （ A） heavy urbanization （ B） advanced technology （ C） high population growth （ D） a legal-rational political system 39 In Paragraph 3, the author mentions an extended family system in order to illustrate that_. （ A） modernization results in wide-ranging structural changes in society （ B）
46、 modernization leads to a change in individual psychology （ C） modernization involves heavy urbanization and extensive schooling （ D） modernization has side effects on less developed countries 40 Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about the process of mode
47、rnization? （ A） Countries do not develop in isolation, but in a context of fierce international, political, and economic competition. （ B） Modernization in the third world may still be impeded by the legacy of colonial dependency. （ C） People in less developed countries are more likely to adopt an e
48、xtended family system. （ D） A countrys economic, social and cultural changes will speed up its process from a pre-industrial to industrial society. 41 Based on the information in Paragraph 4, which of the following best explains neocolonialism? （ A） Its a period when the economies of third-world cou
49、ntries were diversified and self-sufficient. （ B） Its a period when a large part of the population of less developed countries was forced to abandon traditional economic activities. （ C） Its a new form of colonialism after the collapse of traditional colonialism when developed countries exploit less developed countries. （ D） Its a period when less developed countries begin to enjoy their equal share of the planets resources with developed countries. 42 According to the world-system model, what can be inferred about less developed countries?
