1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Topics for composition should be_to the experiences and interests of the students. （ A） concerned （ B） dependent （ C） connecting （ D） relevant 2 My cousin likes eating very much but he isnt very_about the food he eats. （ A） special （ B） peculiar （
2、C） particular （ D） specific 3 Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will _ worry about being late. （ A） rule off （ B） prevent （ C） avoid （ D） obviate 4 His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their_that he was guilty. （ A） suspicion （ B） doubt （ C） estimate （ D） imagination 5
3、 If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle _ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected. （ A） on （ B） for （ C） against （ D） with 6 Thousands of people _ from Greece every year to work in West Germany. （ A） emigrate （ B） leave （ C） abandon （ D） immigrate 7 The _ of our civi
4、lization from an agricultural society to todays complex industrial world was accompanied by upheaval and, all too often, war. （ A） adjustment （ B） migration （ C） change （ D） route 8 The United States was trying hard to smoke the enemy out of the holes in the target country. （ A）对敌人施以地毯式轰炸 （ B）将敌人熏死在
5、洞中 （ C）引诱敌人出洞 （ D）向洞中的敌人投掷毒气弹 9 _ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory. （ A） Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man （ B） Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man （ C） No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man （ D） Neither prehistoric cave
6、man or late-industrial urban man 10 A _ translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. （ A） liberal （ B） literal （ C） literary （ D） literate 11 The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out of it. （ A） adaptable （ B） anxio
7、us （ C） firm （ D） talkative 12 We should make a clear_between “ competent“ and “ proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion. （ A） separation （ B） division （ C） distinction （ D） difference 13 Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf,both the plant and animal lives in the area are in_. （ A）
8、 destiny （ B） amenity （ C） jeopardy （ D） tragedy 14 I dont think its wise of you to_ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him. （ A） show up （ B） show out （ C） show in （ D） show off 15 This state research program is made up of two funds, _ could last for two years. （ A）
9、the larger one （ B） the larger of which （ C） the largest one （ D） the largest of which 16 After speaking for three hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, as he had become _. （ A） dumb （ B） inarticulate （ C） hoarse （ D） speechless 17 During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find
10、 a(n)_room in the hotels here. （ A） empty （ B） vacant （ C） free （ D） deserted 18 Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract Thats_. Of course I didnt agree. I would take legal action. （ A） fraud （ B） blackmail （ C） bribery （ D） compensation 19 Capital (inflows) will also (tend to) in
11、crease the international value of the dollar, (make) it more difficult to sell the U. S. (exports). （ A） inflows （ B） tend to （ C） make （ D） exports 20 The _ of such I. Q. tests full of questions on American culture was not questioned at that time. （ A） significance （ B） validity （ C） efficiency （ D
12、） justification 21 She couldnt pay the full amount she owed, so she _ part of it to the next month. （ A） carried off （ B） carried over （ C） carried out （ D） carried through 22 It is not as difficult to store information as it is to_it quickly when it is wanted again. （ A） represent （ B） retain （ C）
13、restore （ D） retrieve 23 The government is trying to do something to_better understanding between the two countries. （ A） raise （ B） promote （ C） heighten （ D） increase 24 It is also important that the public should recognize the current debate for what it is: scientists behaving _, as they should.
14、（ A） cowardly （ B） crucially （ C） critically （ D） crossly 25 That contract, with which we had a disagreement last month,has now gone_. （ A） through （ B） down （ C） over （ D） around 26 Some people criticize family doctors for _ too many medicines for minor illnesses. （ A） prescribing （ B） ordering （ C
15、） advising （ D） delivering 27 The salmon spends its adult life in rivers and seas, but _ . （ A） its eggs are laid in streams （ B） it lays its eggs in streams （ C） in streams are laid its eggs （ D） laid in streams are the eggs 28 Only youd better work_others can you accomplish the work in time. （ A）
16、in accord with （ B） in collaboration with （ C） in conformity with （ D） in contact with 29 The company wants to avoid any_questions about its finances. （ A） embarrassing （ B） articulate （ C） fabulous （ D） instructive 30 The two countries were fighting severely to _ every inch of the land. （ A） interv
17、ene （ B） contest （ C） imperil （ D） inhabit 二、 Cloze 30 The Japanese desire for marriage had been very strong. In the fifth “world youth altitude survey“【 1】 by the Management and Coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese 【 2】 chose the answers “One should get married. “ or “Its be
18、tter to get married. “ Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was【 3】 only by the Philippines in the percentage advocating marriage【 4】 opposed to a single life. In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something【 5】 is happening in peoples attitud
19、es toward marriage. When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter and thus became able to【 6】 their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time【 7】 a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s, people began to ask “What on earth is marrage anyway?“ and to ta
20、lk about marriage itself. In Japan, the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985 and the【 8】 apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995. The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing【 9】 about 5 per
21、cent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent. What are the real reasons women choose not to marry? Early on, two were【 10】 : women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become【 11】 independent, acquiring enough self-confidence
22、 to【 12】 a meaningful life outside of marriage. And【 13】 seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that,【 14】 womens roles in Japans postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged.【 15】 such circumstances, communication b
23、etween the sexes is, in fact, far from easy. Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to take【 16】 . The 50 years since the end of the war are regarded as process of a【 17】 from the family-centered to the individual-centered way of thinking. In Japan today, society has matured to
24、a point【 18】 it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost【 19】 to increase. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal【 20】 may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the coll
25、ectivism of Japans traditional community and the individualism of the new age. （ A） practiced （ B） conducted （ C） involved （ D） devised （ A） respondents （ B） correspondents （ C） counterparts （ D） reflectors （ A） surpassed （ B） preceded （ C） disadvantaged （ D） defeated （ A） when （ B） what （ C） lest （
26、 D） as （ A） important （ B） common （ C） exciting （ D） unusual （ A） catch （ B） attract （ C） turn （ D） derive （ A） made （ B） took （ C） began （ D） learnt （ A） number （ B） amount （ C） figure （ D） data （ A） to （ B） by （ C） with （ D） for （ A） cited （ B） dealt （ C） obliged （ D） occurred （ A） monetarily （ B）
27、 economically （ C） mentally （ D） physically （ A） take （ B） face （ C） lead （ D） feel （ A） it （ B） that （ C） what （ D） there （ A） since （ B） while （ C） whether （ D） when （ A） Under （ B） Within （ C） On （ D） At （ A） interest （ B） advantage （ C） mark （ D） root （ A） range （ B） step （ C） shift （ D） drive （
28、 A） which （ B） where （ C） that （ D） what （ A） known （ B） supposed （ C） prone （ D） certain （ A） approach （ B） attitude （ C） option （ D） standard 50 Every morning, Allie wakes up and accompanies her friend to the washroom. She turns on the light, soaps up a washcloth, and begins cleaning her friends f
29、ace. Is Anie an extremely devoted companion? Yes! Allie is a capuchin monkey who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Monkeys like Allie are just one of many kinds of animals that help improve-or even save-human lives. But not all animals are suited to do every job. Certain animals are
30、“hired“ for specific jobs based on their traits, or characteristics. By using different methods of conditioning (training animals to act in a particular way in response to a stimulus, or signal), humans can teach animals toper form extraordinary tasks. Throughout history, humans have relied on anima
31、ls traits to get certain jobs done. For example, compared with humans, dogs are “far superior at tracking down odors“, says Marian Bailey, an animal behaviorist at Henderson State University in Arkansas. Thats because dogs have million of olfactory receptors, or smell nerves, in their noses. For tha
32、t reason, hunters used dogs to track down prey even in ancient Egypt. Today, dogs my be employed to sniff out illegal substances in school lockers or earthquake victims buried beneath the rabble of the collapsed building or highway. Primates may not be good sinffers, but they can certainly lend a he
33、lping hand-or two. Monkeys are perfect helpmates for quadriplegics, people paralyzed from the neck down who are unable to use their own hands (and legs). Like humans, explains Bailey monkeys have opposable thumbs-thumbs that face the hands other fingers-so monkeys can pick up objects. Capuchins lear
34、n to open doors, clean up spills, and unscrew bottle tops. They can even get a sandwich out of the refrigerator and load your favorite tape into the VCR. And speaking of VCRs, animals are even helping scientists make a videotape. Jennifer Hurley, an animal researcher at the Long Marine Lab in Santa
35、Cruz, California, is training two sea lions to carry video cameras on their backs to record the natural behavior of whales. So how do you get an animal employee to do its job? The answer, career-training. Trainers teach the animals to obey their instructions through a process called conditioning. Mo
36、st trainers condition animals by using positive reinforcement, rewarding an animal for doing something correctly, says animal behaviorist Bailey. For example, trainers teach their dogs how to sniff out drugs by hiding a towel with the smell of drags. “Dogs love to retrieve objects so the towel becom
37、es a reward“, says Morris Berkowitz, who heads up a canine drug-sniffing program in New York. After repeating this game of hide-and-seek many times, the dog begins to “associate the odor with a reward“, says Berkowitz. When he gives the command, or stimulus, the dog seeks cot drags (its like learnin
38、g to study hard for a tests in order to get a good grade as a reward.) At “Helping Hands-Monkey Helpers for the Disabled“, capuchin monkeys are trained twice before being teamed with a disabled human. First, monkeys are placed with a foster family to become socialized to people. For five years, fami
39、lies help the monkeys adapt to a human environment, so the monkeys will trust and enjoy being around people. Taking the monkeys in when theyre four to six weeks old is important, says Bailey. “Thats when monkeys normally become socialized to other monkeys,“ she says. Second, trainers at Helping Hand
40、s train the monkeys to perform specific tasks to assist a particular person. For example, a monkey may be trained to scratch an itch, or slip a floppy disc into a computer dive. Trainers reward the monkeys by using positive reinforcement, such as food, drinks. Allie is a capuchin【 16】 who helps her
41、disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Allie is a(n)【 17】 of many animals who can be【 18】 to do certain jobs. Besides monkeys,【 19】 and sea lions can also give people a helping【 20】 . Dogs are good at【 21】 down prey and sniffing out【 22】 and【 23】 because they have millions of【 24】 in their nose Mon
42、keys are good helper for the【 25】 , who cannot look after themselves. Sea lions can help scientists to record the【 26】 of whales because they :can【 27】 to the deep ocean. In addition,【 28】 are part of whales natural environment, which makes the video more【 29】 . But animals cannot do the jobs【 30】 t
43、raining. The main process of training is called【 31】 , which uses 【 32】 . During the training, trainers 【 33】 an animal for doing something【 34】 . For monkeys, the positive reinforcement can 【 35】 a year before they are qualified for their jobs. 70 A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing
44、at the【 11】 time and is never late in keeping an appointment. He knows that he can not get through his immense amount of work【 12】 he faithfully keeps every【 13】 promptly and deals with every piece of work【 14】 it has to be attended to. There is a【 15】 which says, “Time flies, never to be recalled.“
45、 Time is more【 16】 than material things. The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always【 17】 that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments【 18】 . Friends sometimes grow cold towards each other, or even become enemi
46、es, because one of them has been remiss in answering letters or keeping appointments. Tile punctual man is a source of annoyance【 19】 to others and to himself. Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to doing one s duty, whether public or private. Failure to be punctual in【 20】 one s
47、appointments is a sign of disrespect towards others. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men. In the end, he loses both time and his good name. 80 It was a foolish question to ask. It【 61】 more sense for me to have learned if she had【 62】 or a poi
48、nt of view, but it was【 63】 for that now and I supposed that the【 64】 Relations Office had【 65】 her before granting the interview. I didnt have time this week to read【 66】 pieces about corporate rainmakers and their golden parachutes or women at midtown law firms【 67】 six times my salary but whining
49、 about breaking the【 68】 ceiling. “Wont waste your time,“ she【 69】 . “If the details on your【 70】 are accurate and the articles Laura【 71】 me have correct background, we wont have to【 72】 that.“ I【 73】in approval. She was obviously a【 74】 , and an intelligent one【 75】 . It was always【 76】 to sit for a【 77】 when the questioner spent the first hour asking what schools I had【 78】 , how long【 79】 , and whether I liked my j
