1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 A recent study in the United States reports that the family life, education and health of Americas children are generally improving, though chi
2、ld poverty has risen for the first time in a decade, according to the governments broadest measure of childrens well-being. The report shows that the teenage birth rate is down, young people are less likely to be involved in violent crimes and the death rate for this group has declined. Experts say
3、that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate from college than other girls of their age. Also, infants born to teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight, which increases their chances of blindness, deafness, mental retardation, mental illness and
4、 cerebral palsy. The study shows that young people were less likely to be victimized in a serious violent crime murder, rape, robbery or aggravated assault or to commit one. In 2002, there were 11 serious violent crimes per 1,000 people aged 12 to 17, compared with 15 per 1,000 youths in 2001. Child
5、 mortality declined, too. In 2000, there were 18 deaths for every 100, 000 children aged 5 to 14; a year later, there were 17 deaths for every 100,000 children in this age group. The infant mortality rate slightly increased. Seven of every 1,000 infants died before their first birthday in 2002, comp
6、ared with a record low of 6. 8 per 1,000 in 2001. Still, children are more likely to be overweight than they were before and child poverty has inched up after several years of decline. The number of overweight children increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000, compared with from 11 percent in t
7、he early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s. That development “jeopardizes our childrens future, making them vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension previously associated more with adults than with children,“ said Edward J. Sondik, director of the Center for Disease Con
8、trols National Center for Health Statistics. The report said Mexican-American boys were at the highest risk, with 27 percent overweight followed by non-Hispanic girls at 23 percent. The child obesity issue is a major cause for concern, a health expert said to reporters. “This is a trend thats been a
9、t work since 1980. and as a trend, it shows no sign of reversing,“ the expert said. Child poverty also grew, reaching 11. 6 million in 2002, compared with 11. 2 million a year earlier. Children living with single females continued to experience a higher poverty rate in 2002 than their counterparts i
10、n married-couple families 40 percent compared with 9 percent. In 2002, 73 million children under 18 lived in the United States and made up 25 percent of the population. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minute
11、s. 2 邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师。邓小平提出了 “建设有中国特色社会主义 ”的理论；支持在农村实行联产承包责任制，在城市推行打破 “大锅饭 ”的各种经济责任制，建立公有制基础上的社会主义市场经济体制。同时，他倡导改革政治体制，如党政分开，下放权力，发扬民主等。 邓小平主张把改革和开放结合起来，设置经济特区。 1979年 7月，国务院确定广东、福建两省试办经济特区。 1992年，邓小平视察南方，发表重要讲话，强调要抓住时机，关键是经济发展。 邓小平提出 “科技是第一生产力 ”，提出要尊重知识，尊重 人才，发展教育事业。在解决香港和澳门回归问题上，邓小平提出了用 “一国两制 ”的方针实现祖
12、国统一的构想，取得了成功。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 13答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 据美国一项最新研究报告说，按照美国政府关于少年儿童福利的最 低标准，尽管少年儿童贫困率在近十年里首次出现上升势头，但是美国少年儿童的家庭生活、教育以及健康状况普遍得到了改善。 这项研究显示，少年儿童生育率、涉及少年儿童的暴力犯罪率以及少年儿童死亡
13、率都有所下降。 专家们指出，跟别的同龄女性比，少年妈妈完不成中学或大学学业的可能性更大，而且由少年妈妈生产的婴儿多有体重偏低者，而体重偏低的婴儿更容易患失明、聋哑、精神发育不全、精神病和大脑性麻痹症。 研究表明，少年儿童成为谋杀、强奸、抢劫或加重恐吓行为等严重暴力犯罪的受害者或从事此类犯罪的人数有所下 降。 2002年，年龄在 12一 17岁的未成年人中涉及严重暴力犯罪的比例是 11起 /1 000人，而 2001年则是 15起 /1 000人。 少年儿童死亡率也有所下降。 2000年，年龄在 5一 14岁的儿童死亡率为 18100000，到 2001年则下降为 17 100 000。但婴儿死
14、亡率稍有上升。 2002年，未满周岁儿童死亡率是 7 1 000，超过了 2001年的历史最低点 6， 8 1000。 不过，少年儿童肥胖症较之以前有所增加，而且过去几年呈下降趋势的少年儿童贫困率开始抬头。 少年儿童肥胖人数，从 1970年代末的 6和 1990年代初的 11，增加到 1999年到 2000年之间的 16。 疾病控制中心下属的全国健康统计中心主任爱德华 J?桑迪克说，这种状况 “会危及孩子们未来的发展，因为肥胖容易引发像糖尿病和高血压这样的慢性疾病，而以前这些疾病以成人患者居多。 ” 报告显示，墨西哥裔男孩患肥胖症的比例最高，达到 27，其次是非西班牙 (或墨西哥 )裔女孩，达
15、到 23。 一位健康专家对记者说，儿童肥胖问题应当引起人们的关注。这位专家说， “从1980年来，这种情况早已成为一种趋势 而且现在并 没有任何逆转的迹象。 ” 此外，少年儿童贫困人数也有所增加， 2002年达到 1160万，而 2001年是 1120万。 2002年，与单身母亲生活在一起的少年儿童，继续保持高于生活在婚姻家庭中的少年儿童贫困率 前者为 40，后者为 9。 ) 2002年，美国 18岁以下未成年人数为 7300万，占全国总人口的 25。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the followi
16、ng passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 Deng Xiaoping was the chief architect of Chinas reform and opening-up policies. He put forward the theory of “ building socialism with Chinese characteristics,“ supported the implementation of the household responsibility system
17、 with remuneration linked to output in the countryside, the introduction of various forms of responsibility system aimed at breaking the practice of everyone eating from the same “big pot,“ and the establishment of a socialist market economy system on the basis of public ownership. At the same time,
18、 he advocated reform of the political system, such as by separating the functions of the Party and the government, delegating power to lower levels, develaping a democratic style of work, etc. He advocated combining reform with opening-up and establishing special economic zones (SEZs). In July 1979
19、the State Council decided to set up SEZs in Guangdong and Fujian provinces on a trial basis. In 1992, he made an inspection tour of southern China and issued important instructions, emphasizing that it was necessary to seize the opportunities and take economic development as the key. He pointed out
20、that “ science and technology are the primary productive forces,“ and urged that it was necessary to show respect for knowledge and talented people and develop education. To achieve the reunion of Hong Kong and Macao with the motherland, he put forth the idea for realizing the reunification of the country on the principle of “ one country, two systems“.
