1、考博英语模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt. （ A） control （ B） share （ C） grant （ D） segment 2 It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger. （ A） protect （ B） relieve （ C） conserve （ D） free 3 During his lifetime he
2、 was lucky to accumulate quite a fortune. （ A） overtake （ B） confront （ C） gather （ D） demonstrate 4 More and more people nowadays are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-conscious. （ A） given in （ B） giving out （ C） giving away （ D） giving up 5 Dont be so innocent a
3、s to believe everything the politicians say. （ A） illiterate （ B） ignorant （ C） stupid （ D） simple 6 The scientists discovery will have a profound influence on mankind. （ A） deep （ B） moderate （ C） negative （ D） positive 7 The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much ice-cream. （
4、A） outrageous （ B） fatal （ C） fierce （ D） frequent 8 City police Sunday arrested former Mayor Richard Weekly on a long list of bribery, official misconduct, fraud, and corruption charges. （ A） deceit （ B） murder （ C） privilege （ D） accident 9 It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family st
5、ructure, though regrettable, are im possible to reverse. （ A） striking （ B） emotional （ C） horrible （ D） sensational 10 Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays. （ A） dangers （ B） ventures （ C） galaxies （ D） prospects 11 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing
6、 with his employer. （ A） tenacity （ B） curiosity （ C） civility （ D） hostility 12 The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis. （ A） resolves （ B） involves （ C） evolves （ D） rotates 13 The government would not dare to impose taxes on such necessities as-bread or milk. （ A） cut （ B） charge
7、 （ C） force （ D） occur 14 The politician tried to convince the voters that he was the man for the job. （ A） preach （ B） persuade （ C） confront （ D） specify 15 Scientists are often fascinated by phenomena that many ordinary people ignore. （ A） attracted （ B） disturbed （ C） horrified （ D） satisfied 二、
8、 Reading Comprehension 15 The latest clock to be invented is a “language clock“ which helps us to determine the dates of certain occurrences. This clock requires neither engines, springs, pendulums, nor electricity. In 1950 some research workers in America discovered that languages change at a stead
9、y rate through the centuries. They organized their investigation in the following ways. First, they prepared a list of 200 things for which there are common words in every language. Then they compared these words in modern languages with the ancient languages from which the modem ones had developed.
10、 They found that for a certain proportion of the 200 things, the ancient words continued to be used, though written or pronounced differently. But in other cases the ancient words had been replaced by new words which had been introduced into the language. After a thousand years, on the average, 81%
11、of the old words (162 of the 200 words) were still in use. After 2000 years, on the average, 81% of these 162 words (or 66% of the original to tal of 200) remained. After 3000 years, 81% of these 131 words (or 53% of the original number) remained in use, and so on. Next this group of research worker
12、s investigated situations where two different languages had developed separately and independently, from the same ancient language, (In modern times, of course, such situations are very unlikely to occur. Why?) They found that after 1,000 years, as be fore, each daughter language shared only 66% of
13、the basic 200-word vocabulary. Each daughter language, as before, derived 81% of its 200 words from the original parent language. But (as you might expect) the words which they kept were not quite the same. The proportion of words actually shared by the daughter languages was therefore 81% of 81%, w
14、hich is 66% of the original 200 words. After 2000 years they shared 66% of 66% of the words, i.e. 43% of the original vocabulary. And after 3000 years they shared only 29% of the original vocabulary. A long time ago, some Eskimos, speaking the Eskimo language, left the mainland of Alaska and began t
15、o live in a group of islands (called the Aleutian Islands) at some instance from the coast. Recently, research workers compared the islanders language with the modern Eskimo language. They found that the Aleutians and the Eskimos shared only 29% of the words, on the stand ard list. From this fact th
16、e investigators were able to calculate the date of the event referred to at the beginning of this paragraph. 16 From the passage, we can infer that language clock is _. （ A） a mechanic clock （ B） a figurative clock （ C） an electronic clock （ D） a diamond clock 17 American researchers found that the
17、language clock could help _. （ A） count the exact time by years （ B） decide when the language came into being （ C） make sure when the Aleuts left the mainland （ D） determine how the time changed 18 To invent the language clock the researchers studied and compared _. （ A） tile pronunciation of langua
18、ge in different years （ B） the spelling of some languages in different centuries （ C） the vocabulary of languages in different times （ D） the grammar of some languages in different times 19 Generally speaking, after 4 000 years, on the average, the percentage of the 200 original words which remained
19、 in use was _. （ A） 81% （ B） 66% （ C） 43% （ D） 29% 20 Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage? （ A） After 3 000 years, each daughter language shared only 29% of the basic 200-word vocabulary. （ B） Some Aleuts are the descendants of Eskimos on the mainland of Alaska. （ C
20、） The language clock can help to determine the dates of certain events. （ D） Through thousands of years languages change only in vocabulary. 20 In some society it is the custom for parents to arrange the marriages of their children. The father and mother of the bride will meet with the father and mo
21、ther of the groom, and if both families are pleased with each other, an agreement will be made. Often the brides and grooms will not be asked for their opinion in this matter, and sometimes they do not even meet each other until the day of the wedding. In some countries, men advertise for mail-order
22、 brides in the heal paper. Most Americans find the idea of arranged marriages difficult to understand or accept. They believe that two people should marry for love, after a period of dating or courtship. During that period, the prospective marriage partners are supposed to learn enough about each ot
23、her to decide whether or not they will be able to build a successful marriage. Today in America, it is common for people to live together as a way of preparing for marriage. The idea of an arranged marriage seems very old fashioned indeed. But arent all marriages arranged in one way or another? In t
24、he United States marriages are seldom formally arranged, but quite a lot of informal arranging goes on before two people become husband and wife. People who get married are introduced to each other by friends. These friends have already decided that the two people are right for each other and arrang
25、e for them to meet. In the United States this kind of arrangement is very common. Because friends have such great influence, their approval of a dating or mating partner is very important. Families also exert open and subtle pressures on their children to influence their choices of marriage partners
26、. Parents often arrange dates for their own children. One parent often tells a friend a bout her beautiful daughter or handsome son. Also, parents can meet the perfect marriage prospect for their son or daughter through business relationships. Since parents often assist their children financially, t
27、hey feel that they have the right to help the bride and groom select where they will live, what type of furniture they will purchase, and what their life-style will be like. To a larger extent, social class determines the choice of a marriage partner in the United States. Marriages are usually arran
28、ged between people of similar religious, ethnic, and financial back grounds. Despite what we see in the movies, the son of a bank president rarely marries or even meets a miners daughter. Americans may not accept or understand arranged marriages, but marriages in the United States are arranged never
29、theless. 21 Which of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage? （ A） Americans Marriage （ B） Arranged Marriage （ C） Marriage for Love （ D） Perfect Marriage 22 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? （ A） Some couples marry according to their parents arrangement. （
30、 B） Some men seek their future-wife by advertising in the newspaper. （ C） The Americans will not live together before their marriage. （ D） Friends and parents usually play an important role in arranging marriage. 23 Most Americans deem that _. （ A） financial status determines the choice of a marriag
31、e partner （ B） young men and women should get married as soon as they fall in love （ C） arranged marriages are hardly understood and accepted （ D） love plays a critical role in marriage 24 According to the passage, all of the following statements are true except that _. （ A） in arranged marriages, t
32、he brides and grooms never meet before their wedding （ B） many Americans think the idea of arranged marriage out of date （ C） all marriages are not arranged in America （ D） a lot of informally arranged marriages exist in America 25 We can draw the conclusion that _. （ A） children always ask their pa
33、rents for opinions about marriage （ B） the author thinks that in America marriages still bear class character （ C） it is unusual for Americans to live together as a way of preparing for marriages （ D） despite the different backgrounds, people still marry in America 25 Personality is to a large exten
34、t inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school,
35、which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,
36、in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer !“ By far the worst form of competition in schools is t
37、he disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither pr
38、actical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world need types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent t
39、eaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicing, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important a
40、nd should be encouraged. 26 According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually _. （ A） impatient （ B） considerable （ C） aggressive （ D） agreeable 27 The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because _. （ A） the pressure is too great on the students （ B） some stu
41、dents are bound to fail （ C） failure rates are too high （ D） the results of examinations are doubtful 28 The selection of medical professionals are currently based on _. （ A） candidates sensitivity （ B） academic achievements （ C） competitive spirit （ D） surer values 29 From the passage we can draw t
42、he conclusion that _. （ A） the personality of a child is well established at birth （ B） family influence dominates the shaping of one s characteristics （ C） the development of one s personality is due to multiple factors （ D） B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society 30 What
43、does the word “adopt“ (para. 2, Line 2) mean in the passage? （ A） Take. （ B） Adjust. （ C） Adapt. （ D） Expert. 三、 English-Chinese Translation 31 Despite Chinas impressive economic achievements, the countrys elderly women suffer disproportionate poverty rates, the incidence of female suicide is rising
44、, and the skewed gender balance among newborns will have severe future demographic consequences, according to a United Nations re port. The development picture for women is also mixed. Gender gaps are widening, and the aging of Chinese society is posing an increasing challenge because the elderly ar
45、e disproportionately poor and female, with widows and unmarried, childless women among the most economically vulnerable. The widely noted increase in the margin of newborn boys over girls “has serious implications for the future,“ the report warns. Sexual predetermination of newborns is illegal in C
46、hina, but wide spread and the government estimates that the sex ratio is about 116 boys for every 100 girls. “The shortage of women will have enormous implications on Chinas social, economic and development future. In the next decade, we could have as many as 60 million missing women. People are exe
47、rcising their preferences, but the consequences for society are huge.“ These challenges are by no means unique to China and countries must work together to resolve them. 32 One hundred countries representing 4.5 billion people have signed the global treaty aimed at curbing tobacco use, which now cla
48、ims nearly 5 million lives every year and causes an estimated an num net loss of $200 billion in treatment and lost productivity, the United Nations health agency reported. The treaty requires signed countries to restrict tobacco advertising, sponsorship and promotion, set new labeling and clean ind
49、oor air controls and strengthen legislation to clamp down on tobacco smuggling. At the time of its unanimous adoption last May by WHOs 192 members, the agency warned that the annual death toll of 4.9 million, if left unchecked, could double by 2020. The tobacco epidemic is still expanding, especially in developing countries where currently seven out of every 10 tobacco-related deaths occur, according to WHO. At current rates, the total number of tobacco users is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2025 from 1.3 b
