1、考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案与解析 一、 Cloze 0 （复旦大学 2011年试题） A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.【 1】 this is cer
2、tainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyones life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere【 2】 other, more important matters. Second
3、, the benefits to be derived【 3】 such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle.【 4】 , we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed【 5】 most of us “time
4、out“ much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer“ information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not
5、necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to【 6】 it. 【 7】 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but【 8】 great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at
6、some level, that health hazards are associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop.【 9】 , the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even【 10】 are able to maintain such weight losses. 1 【 1】 2 【 2
7、】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 10 （复旦大学 2010年试题） Business and government leaders consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you
8、get【 1】 for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise【 2】 the prices and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore“. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live
9、on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people, for instance, can not count【 3】 an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【 4】 their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not
10、rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop【 5】 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes【 6】 , too. Peop
11、le who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep pace with【 7】 prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same【 8】 of money, but they are not living as well because they are not a
12、ble to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from【 9】 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100, a
13、nd the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes【 10】 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous year. 11 【 1】 12 【 2】 13 【 3】 14 【 4】 15 【 5】 16 【 6】 17 【 7】 18 【 8】 19 【 9】 20 【 10】 20
14、（复旦大学 2009年试题） Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health; While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions【 1】 are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related c
15、hronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources【 2】 from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address fu
16、ndamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than【 3】 expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income into con
17、sumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in【 4】 value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight is good for business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many c
18、ountries, especially the rich ones, have far more than they need -【 5】 irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3,800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twi
19、ce as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete【 6】 sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns【 7】 toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think【 8】 any major industry that might
20、 benefit if people ate less food; certainly【 9】 the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more, and all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit【 10】 . 21 【 1】 22 【 2】 23 【 3】 24 【 4】 25 【 5】
21、26 【 6】 27 【 7】 28 【 8】 29 【 9】 30 【 10】 考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案与解析 一、 Cloze 1 【正确答案】 Although 【试题解析】 空格所在句句意为：这是一个很简单的假设，事实证明，事情没有那么简单直接。前后两句为让步关系，故 Although为正 确答案。 2 【正确答案】 with 【试题解析】 本题考查固定搭配。 interfere with意为 “干预，妨碍 ”，符合语境。因此 with为正确答案。 3 【正确答案】 from 【试题解析】 本题考查固定搭配。 derive from意为 “来源于 ”，符合语境。因此
22、from为正确答案。 4 【正确答案】 Therefore 【试题解析】 空格所在句句意为：我们被那么多有关健康风险的信息轰炸，以至于我们会不相信一些信息。空格处表结果，因此 Therefore为正确答案。 5 【 正确答案】 that 【试题解析】 本题考查 sothat 结构的用法。因此 that为正确答案。 6 【正确答案】 lower 【试题解析】 空格所在句句意为：仅仅知道风险并不能确保人们会采取适当的措施去风险。根据上文中的 “The rationale behind this work is that where people areinformed of their risk，
23、 they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk ”可知， lower为止确答案。 7 【正确答案】 Even 【试题解析】 空格所在句句意为： 当人们想去改变行为时，也不容易做。因此 Even为正确答案。 8 【正确答案】 despite 【试题解析】 此处是要表达 “尽管他们很努力，但是极少有人能够做到 ”。因此despite为正确答案。 9 【正确答案】 Similarly 【试题解析】 因为此处提到的减肥和上文中所讲的戒烟是两种相似的情形，故空格所在句句意为：同理，想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到。空格处表转折，
24、因此 Similarly为正确答案。 10 【正确答案】 less 【试题解析】 空格所在句句意为；想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到，能够坚持减肥的人就更少了。因此 less为正确答案。 11 【正确答案】 less 【试题解析】 本句上半句中有 fewer，说明这里需要一个对等意思的词， less是little的比较级形式，恰好与 fewer对等。另外第二空后面的那个句子 “Your money buys less ”也提供了更直接的线索。 12 【正确答案】 in 【试题解析】 表达 “在 方面增长或减少 ”时，通常用 in与相应的名词搭配使用，另外，在本段第二句也有类似的表达方式：
25、that causes rapid rises in prices。可见，这个空既是一个搭配问题，也有明确的上下文线索。 13 【正确答案】 on 【试题解析】 这里需要的意思其实不是 “依靠 ”，而是 “期望 ”或 “指望 ”，因为人们通常所 “依靠 ”的是业已拥有的东西，而对退休的人来说，涨工资已不再可能成为现实。 count on是 “期望 ”或 “指望 ”的意思。 14 【正确答案】 meet 【试题解析】 满足要 求通常要用 meet，与其宾语 needs搭配。这是一个动宾搭配问题。 15 【正确答案】 buying 【试题解析】 上一句说退休的人要减少开支，这句话指出，在某些情况下
26、，他们甚至不得不放弃购买一些生活必需品， stop后接动名词表示 “不再做某事 ”。这还是一个搭配问题。因而正确答案为购买 buying。 16 【正确答案】 up 【试题解析】 随着通货膨胀，生活成本会提高， go up是 “提高，上升 ”的意思。 17 【正确答案】 rising 【试题解析】 如果收入跟不上上涨的物价，生 活标准就会下降。此处填 rising，意思为 “一直上涨的、上升的 ”，与前后文对应。 18 【正确答案】 amount 【试题解析】 amount的意思是 “数量 ”，用来形容 money，是固定搭配。此处与第一段的 “the same amount of money
27、”也相互对应。 19 【正确答案】 which 【试题解析】 这里的意思是 “(政府 )根据 (或参照 )物价指数确定变动率 ”，所以，定语从句部分应该理解为： the rate of change can be determined by the government from priceindexes，可见，这是一个考查定语从句引导词的题目，此处 from后不能跟 that，只能跟 which。 20 【正确答案】 it 【试题解析】 it此处是形式宾语，代替不定式 to compare current prices of typical consumergoods with prices
28、 of the same goods in previous years，句子自身的结构提供了线索。 21 【正确答案】 more 【试题解析】 句 意是，当成千上万的人由于经济不平衡、政治腐败或战争而缺少食物时，也有成千上万的人超重，增加了身患与饮食有关的慢性疾病的风险。根据句意可知，与前面成千上万的人相比，还有更多的成千上万的人超重。所以正确答案是 more。 22 【正确答案】 away 【试题解析】 句意是，肥胖是一个世界性的普遍现象，它对孩子和大人都有影响，它迫使除最贫困国家之外的所有国家把稀有资源从食品安全上转移开，以照顾患有可预防的心脏病和糖尿病的人们。短语 divertaway
29、 from 表示 “将 从 转移开 ”。所以正确答案是 away。 23 【正确答案】 is 【试题解析】 句意是，超重源于摄入的食物能量超过了消耗的能量。分析句子结构可知， than后面的完整句子应为 “energy that is expended”，为避免重复，省略了 energy，引导词 that可省略。所以正确答案是 is。 24 【正确答案】 nutritional 【试题解析】 句意是，他们把具有消费收入的人变为疯狂购买食物的消费者，那些食物通常是能量高，但营养价值低。 nutritional value表示营养价值。所以正确答案是 nutritional。 25 【正确答案】
30、another 【试题解析】 句意是，另外，食物被过量生产，这样一些国家，尤其是发达国家拥有的食物远远超过了他们所需的食物 这又是一件具有讽刺意义的事情。前面已经讲到一件具有讽刺意义的事，此处又讲了一件，所以用代词 another，泛指另一件。所以正确答案是 another。 26 【正确答案】 for 【试题解析】 空格所在句子大意为：过多的食物使各大公司为销售而展开竞争。动词 compete常与 for连用，表示为 而竞争。所以正确答案是 for。 27 【正确答案】 directed 【试题解析】 句意是，过多的食物使各大公司为销售而进行竞争。公司采用的手段有：广告、健康声明、新产品的推
31、出、份额的加大和针对孩子的活动。分析句型可知，此处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的 campaigns， direct toward表示以 为目标。所以正确答案是 directed。 28 【正确答案】 of 【试题解析】 句意是，确实，如果人们吃的食物少了 ,很难想出有哪些重点企业能从中获益。短语 think of表示想出。所以正确答案是 of。 29 【正确答案】 not 【试题解析】 句意是，当然，农业、食品生产业、杂货店、饭店、减肥业或者制药业都不会获益。根据句意可知，此处表达的是否定意思，所以正确答案是 not。 30 【正确答案】 overeating 【试题解析】 句意是，人们吃得较多时，所有行业都会繁荣，所有行业都会雇用许多游说者去劝说政府不要采取任何措施去禁止过度饮食。 inhibit doing sth表示禁止做某事。所以正确答案是 overeating。
