1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is important to learn to communicate. （ A） minor （ B） crucial （ C） impossible （ D） effective 2 We have got to abide by our commitment. （ A） stick to （ B） persist in （ C） safeguard （ D） app
2、ly to 3 She was so angry that she began to shout. （ A） unhappy （ B） furious （ C） upset （ D） depressed 4 The brave shopkeeper showed no fear of the armed robber. （ A） timid （ B） violent （ C） courageous （ D） nervous 5 Can you take care of Polly when we are away? （ A） wait for （ B） look after （ C） laug
3、h at （ D） take to 6 Our holiday plans are still rather vague. （ A） distinct （ B） definite （ C） vivid （ D） obscure 7 We plan to build a skyscraper here. （ A） frame （ B） raise （ C） compose （ D） erect 8 What then is Luxembourg or Dublin attractive for funds? （ A） abnormal （ B） appealing （ C） approving
4、（ D） affirmative 9 The letter without the address puzzled me. （ A） perplexed （ B） interested （ C） troubled （ D） enlightened 10 I firmly hold my opinion about environmental protection. （ A） perspective （ B） prospective （ C） spectator （ D） specialist 11 I think animals should be treated as friends. （
5、A） suspect （ B） doubt （ C） assure （ D） maintain 12 You will insult her if you dont go to her party. （ A） hurt （ B） humiliate （ C） esteem （ D） escort 13 A postmans job must be a boring one. （ A） tedious （ B） absorbing （ C） workaholic （ D） fascinating 14 The announcement led to violent civil disorders
6、 in the society. （ A） administration （ B） disability （ C） chaos （ D） anguish 15 Birds have a sharp sense of sight and dogs have a sharp sense of smelling. （ A） sensitive （ B） acute （ C） edgy （ D） bright 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，
7、请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Biodiesel Yuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biodiesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it
8、 limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which have become increasingly expensive. Yuthachai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fu
9、el at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers , so they can make their own fuel. There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachais is one of the
10、most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines. Despite the public interest in biodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachais fuel. Since there is currently no regul
11、atory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachais fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700, 000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 46 US c
12、ents cheaper than diesel. According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to
13、 refine the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodiesel-making potential of 60, 000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily. Other Asian countries have been researching biodieselMalaysia, and the Philippines for 20 yearsbut Thailand is the first country t
14、o have public policy supporting its commercialization. That trend looks like continuing, with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until thats working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais. 16 Thailand suffers a lot
15、 due to the price slumps of its biodiesel. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not men
16、tioned 19 Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Yuthachais fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
17、） Not mentioned 21 Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意
18、与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Fridge 1. The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator. “ 2. In m
19、y fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and
20、 we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existednatur
21、al cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling. . . 4. What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. 5. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be f
22、ound, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artifici
23、ally-heated housewhile outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your f
24、ridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least youll get ride of that terrible hum. A. The invention of the fridge B. The pollution caused by fridges C. The widespread need for fridge D. The days without the fridge E. The waste of energy caused by fridges F. The fridges contribution to
25、commerce 23 Paragraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 4_. 25 Paragraph 5_. 26 Paragraph 6_. 26 A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. foods can be preserved D. most kids like iced soft drinks E. every housewife needs food F. the fridge produced w
26、hen it is working 27 Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because_. 28 The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which_. 29 An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that_. 30 If you stop using the fridg
27、e, at least you wont be troubled by the noise_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 How to Start a Small Business in the US People from other countries often take America as the “land of opportunity“. Americans, too believe that the country gives no end of chance
28、s to those who want to open their own businesses. To-ay, many Amencans are still trying hard to become small business people, although only one out of two remains in operation after the first two years. Many people start their small businesses for the wrong reasons. They want to get away from the pa
29、per work of their present jobs, or to exchange the responsibility of their present jobs for free life styles. But more, not less, paper work and responsibility come with ownership of a small business. Thomas is the owner of the news magazine Mother Earth, which is now quite successful. He says that
30、he had to work sixty hours without stopping when he was trying to bring out the first issue. Thomas had waited for years after he came up with the idea for Mother Earth. During that time, he collected as much information as he could about his business. He borrowed books from the library, talked to s
31、uccessful people in the field, and began planning carefully the amount of money and the kinds and numbers of supplies he would need. When he finally opened with a capital of $ 1, 500, he set up his office in the kitchen and his printing press in the garage. Owing to his devotion (投入 ) to business, h
32、is talent, and his skill in management, Mother Earth now has a circulation(发行量 ) of 300, 000. Not all small businesses are doing as fine as Mother Earth as 50% of the 450, 000 that start in America every year fail. Still, 95% of businesses in the US can be called “small“. Altogether these businesses
33、 amount to 40% of Americas gross national product (国民生产总值 ). 31 According to the passage, which of the following is true of the small businesses in the U. S. ? （ A） All of them close down in the first two years. （ B） Most of them fail within the first two years. （ C） They all make big profits. （ D）
34、Only half of them continue to operate after the first two years. 32 According to paragraph 2, many people start small businesses in order to_. （ A） do heavy work or earn more money （ B） do less paper work or take less responsibility （ C） do more paper work or take less responsibility （ D） do light w
35、ork or live quiet lives 33 What preparations did Thomas make before he started his business? （ A） He stayed at home. （ B） He borrowed money from a bank. （ C） He made investigations and drew up a plan. （ D） He wrote a book. 34 Thomas success can be attributed to_. （ A） his talent, his skill in manage
36、ment, and his devotion to his work （ B） his good luck （ C） his good relations with a business manager （ D） his good treatment of his workers 35 How many businesses in the U. S. can be called “small“? （ A） 5% （ B） 40% （ C） 0.5 （ D） 0.95 35 U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars NASA scientists said t
37、hat Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. Laboratory tests aboard NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument th
38、at identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples. “ We have water, “ said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. “This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. The robotic arm is a critical part of th
39、e Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life. The soil sample came from a trench approximatel
40、y 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays sample had been expos
41、ed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. “ Mars is giving us some surprises, “ said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. “Were excited because surprises are where discoveries come from.
42、 One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing weve done so far. “ Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a mic
43、roscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present. The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian i
44、nstrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead. “Its a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars, “ said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency. A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenixs surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft. “The details and pattern
45、s we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see, “ said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University, lead scientist for Phoenixs Surface Stereo Imager camera. “ They help us plan measurements were making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a w
46、ider scale. “ 36 What was discovered by NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars? （ A） Vast lakes. （ B） Flowing rivers. （ C） Water in a soil sample. （ D） Living things. 37 Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail? （ A） The sample vaporized away. （ B） Fresh material was exposed to the air. （ C
47、） The samples got stuck inside the scoop. （ D） The robotic arm hit a hard rock. 38 Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? （ A） Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars. （ B） Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves. （ C
48、） Scientists have been trying to find out if there is life supporting material on Mars. （ D） Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt. 39 Where are the scientists involved in the research from? （ A） They are from America. （ B） They are from Canada. （ C） They are from both America a
49、nd Canada. （ D） They are from neither America nor Canada. 40 Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenixs Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage? （ A） It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images. （ B） It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos. （ C） It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object. （ D） It is this particular
