1、1998年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析 1 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 【 B1】 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 【 B2】 man. But they insisted that its 【 B3】 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widesp
2、read poverty and misery for the 【 B4】 of the English population. 【 B5】 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 【 B6】 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 【 B7】 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists
3、【 B8】 history and economics, have 【 B9】 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 【 B10】 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 1 【 B1】 （ A） admitted （ B） believed （ C） claimed （ D）
4、 predicted 2 【 B2】 （ A） plain （ B） average （ C） mean （ D） normal 3 【 B3】 （ A） momentary （ B） prompt （ C） instant （ D） immediate 4 【 B4】 （ A） bulk （ B） host （ C） gross （ D） magnitude 5 【 B5】 （ A） On （ B） With （ C） For （ D） By 6 【 B6】 （ A） broadly （ B） thoroughly （ C） generally （ D） completely 7 【 B7】
5、 （ A） however （ B） meanwhile （ C） therefore （ D） moreover 8 【 B8】 （ A） at （ B） in （ C） about （ D） for 9 【 B9】 （ A） manifested （ B） approved （ C） shown （ D） speculated 10 【 B10】 （ A） noted （ B） impressed （ C） labeled （ D） marked 11 I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _ th
6、e last bus. （ A） to have caught （ B） to catch （ C） catching （ D） having caught 12 As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. （ A） neednt dress up （ B） did not need have dressed up （ C） did not need dress up （ D） neednt have dressed up 13 I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it
7、 was unintentional. （ A） offend （ B） had offended （ C） should have offended （ D） might have offended 14 Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. （ A） to be told （ B） having been told （ C） being told （ D） to have been told 15 Greater efforts to increase agricultural pro
8、duction must be made if food shortage _ avoided. （ A） is to be （ B） can be （ C） will be （ D） has been 16 Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests. （ A） before （ B） as （ C） since （ D） when 17 There are over 100 night scho
9、ols in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter _ he does. （ A） how （ B） where （ C） what （ D） when 18 Ive kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school _ twenty years ago. （ A） about （ B） since （ C） till （ D） with 19 He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanshi
10、p of the society, _ insufficiently popular with all members. （ A） being considered （ B） considering （ C） to be considered （ D） having considered 20 _ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. （ A） Had it not been （ B） Were it not （ C） Be it not
11、 （ D） Should it not be 21 The machine needs a complete _ since it has been in use for over ten years. （ A） amending （ B） fitting （ C） mending （ D） renovating 22 There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a _ of him. （ A） glance （ B） glimpse （ C） look （ D）
12、 sight 23 I dont think its wise of you to _ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him. （ A） show up （ B） show out （ C） show in （ D） show off 24 The returns in the short _ may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid. （ A） interval （ B） rang
13、e （ C） span （ D） term 25 A thorough study of biology requires _ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts. （ A） acquisition （ B） discrimination （ C） curiosity （ D） familiarity 26 She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _ her long effor
14、t. （ A） justify （ B） testify （ C） rectify （ D） verify 27 Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _ my debt in return for certain services. （ A） take away （ B） cut out （ C） write off （ D） clear up 28 Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a gre
15、at _. （ A） explosion （ B） sensation （ C） exaggeration （ D） stimulation 29 According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post _ no responsibility with it at all? （ A） shoulders （ B） possesses （ C） carries （ D） shares 30 Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _ t
16、o a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied. （ A） comment （ B） reaction （ C） impression （ D） comprehension 31 Please _ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. （ A） restrain （ B） hinder （ C） restrict （ D） prohibit 32 Without
17、telephone it would be impossible on carry on the functions of _ every business operation in the whole country. （ A） practically （ B） preferably （ C） precisely （ D） presumably 33 Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _ file $160 billion the President is struggling to get thro
18、ugh the Congress. （ A） in proportion to （ B） in reply to （ C） in relation to （ D） in contrast to 34 He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will _ at the end of this month. （ A） expire （ B） exceed （ C） terminate （ D） cease 35 All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they
19、read _ letters from their families. （ A） sentimental （ B） affectionate （ C） intimate （ D） sensitive 36 Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s. （ A） revolt （ B） revolve （ C） reverse （ D） revive 37 I was unaware of the
20、 critical points involved so my choice was quite _. （ A） arbitrary （ B） rational （ C） mechanical （ D） unpredictable 38 The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer _ according to the weather. （ A） altered （ B） converted （ C） fluctuated （ D） modified 39 The pursu
21、it of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _ their prospect of promotion. （ A） spur （ B） further （ C） induce （ D） reinforce 40 In what _ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites. （ A） applies （ B） accounts
22、 （ C） attaches （ D） amounts 41 According to Darwin, random changes that enhance (a species) ability (for surviving) (are) naturally selected and passed on (to succeeding) generations. （ A） a species （ B） for surviving （ C） are （ D） to succeeding 42 Neither rain nor snow (keeps) the postman from deli
23、vering our letters (which) we (so much) look forward (to receive). （ A） keeps （ B） which （ C） so much （ D） to receive 43 If they (will not accept) a check, we (shall have) to pay (the cash), though it (would be) much trouble for both sides. （ A） will not accept （ B） shall have （ C） the cash （ D） wou
24、ld be 44 (Having been) robbed (off) economic importance, those states are (not) likely to count for (very much) in international political terms. （ A） Having been （ B） off （ C） not （ D） very much 45 The message (will be) (that) neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of
25、(their) uncontrollable (practices). （ A） will be （ B） that （ C） their （ D） practices 46 The logic of scientific development is (such) that (separates) groups of men working (on) the same problem in (far-scattered) laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time. （ A） such （ B）
26、separates （ C） on （ D） far-scattered 47 Yet not all of these races are (intellectual inferior) to the European races, (and) some may even have (a) freshness and vitality that can renew the 9energies) of more advanced race. （ A） intellectual inferior （ B） and （ C） a （ D） energies 48 (The) (more than)
27、 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are more than ample (destroying) every city in the world several times (over). （ A） The （ B） more than （ C） destroying （ D） over 49 The universe works in a way so far (remove) from what common sense (would) allow (that) words of any kind
28、must necessarily be inadequate to explain (it). （ A） remove （ B） would （ C） that （ D） it 50 The integration of independent states (could best be) brought about by (first) creating a central organization (with authorities) over (technical) economic tasks. （ A） could best be （ B） first （ C） with autho
29、rities （ D） technical Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 51 They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientist had ever detected: a strip at enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years f
30、rom earth. (T1)But even more important, it was farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once
31、 both amazing and expected; the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originate
32、d in an explosion from a single mass of energy). (T2)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic,
33、 unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward m all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Cobe is designed to see
34、 just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldnt have long to wait. (T3)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instrum
35、ents are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. (T4)If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea. a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expan
36、ded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. (T5)Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists hav
37、e been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 51 【 T1】 52 【 T2】 53 【 T3】 54 【 T4】 55 【 T5】 56 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the wat
38、ers to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for
39、 nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived
40、Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of
41、 sending in the stoops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Gzechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to th
42、e even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the c
43、ost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts, Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lesson
44、s of Aswan. You dont need a dam to be saved. 56 The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that _. （ A） people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality （ B） the blind could be happier than the sighted （ C） over-excited people tend to neglect vital things （ D） fascination makes people lose th
45、eir eyesight 57 In Paragraph 5“, the powerless“ probably refers to _. （ A） areas short of electricity （ B） dams without power stations （ C） poor countries around India （ D） common people in the Narmada Dam area 58 What is the myth concerning giant dams? （ A） They bring in more fertile soil. （ B） The
46、y help defend the country. （ C） They strengthen international ties. （ D） They have universal control of the waters. 59 What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _. （ A） Its no use crying over spilt milk （ B） More haste, less speed （ C） Look before you leap （ D） He who laughs last l
47、aughs best 60 Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statis
48、tics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than
49、twice the 1978 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction“ between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by th
