1、2000年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析 1 If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 【 B1】 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 【 B2】 he produces a surplus. He must us
2、e this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 【 B3】 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 【 B4】 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 【 B5】 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 【 B6】
3、 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 【 B7】 . He must either sell some of his property or 【 B8】 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 【 B9】 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 【 B10】 obtainable. 1 【 B1】
4、（ A） other than （ B） as well as （ C） instead of （ D） more than 2 【 B2】 （ A） only if （ B） much as （ C） long before （ D） ever since 3 【 B3】 （ A） for （ B） against （ C） of （ D） towards 4 【 B4】 （ A） replace （ B） purchase （ C） supplement （ D） dispose 5 【 B5】 （ A） enhance （ B） mix （ C） feed （ D） raise 6 【
5、B6】 （ A） vessels （ B） routes （ C） paths （ D） channels 7 【 B7】 （ A） self-confident （ B） self-sufficient （ C） self-satisfied （ D） self-restrained 8 【 B8】 （ A） search （ B） save （ C） offer （ D） seek 9 【 B9】 （ A） proportion （ B） percentage （ C） rate （ D） ratio 10 【 B10】 （ A） genuinely （ B） obviously （ C）
6、 presumably （ D） frequently 11 As Ill be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. （ A） hearing （ B） to hear （ C） to be hearing （ D） having heard 12 Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _ to find it locked. （
7、A） just （ B） only （ C） hence （ D） thus 13 Doctors see a connection between increased amounts of leisure time spent _ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer. （ A） to sunbathe （ B） to have sunbathed （ C） having sunbathed （ D） sunbathing 14 Unless you sign a contract with the insurance compan
8、y for your goods, you are not entitled _ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. （ A） to （ B） with （ C） for （ D） on 15 On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont _ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston“. （ A） which （ B） where （ C） when （ D） that 16 Christie stared an
9、grily at her boss and turned away, as though _ out of the office. （ A） went （ B） gone （ C） to go （ D） would go 17 The roles expected _ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness. （ A） of （ B） on （ C） to （ D） with 18 Talk to anyone in the drug industry,
10、 _ yonll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered. （ A） or （ B） and （ C） for （ D） so 19 It wasnt so much that I disliked her _ that I just wasnt interested in the whole business. （ A） rather （ B） so （ C） than （ D） as 20 Coun
11、tless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone _ one. （ A） getting （ B） to get （ C） gotten （ D） get 21 He spoke so _ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments. （ A） bluntly （ B） convincingly （ C） emphatically （ D）
12、 determinedly 22 Frances _ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. （ A） assumption （ B） consumption （ C） presumption （ D） resumption 23 The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, _ an outburst of interest. （ A） flar
13、ed （ B） glittered （ C） sparked （ D） flashed 24 His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties _. （ A） came off （ B） came on （ C） came round （ D） came down 25 The system was redesigned so embrace the network and eventually _ it in a profitable direction. （ A） adapt （ B） control （
14、 C） install （ D） steer 26 The capital intended to broaden the export base and _ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled in stead of uneconomic import substitution. （ A） secure （ B） extend （ C） defend （ D） possess 27 It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be _ at the man
15、agers office. （ A） declared （ B） obtained （ C） reclaimed （ D） recognize 28 When I _ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me. （ A） woke up （ B） took to （ C） picked up （ D） came to 29 The American society is _ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natur
16、al resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment. （ A） established on （ B） affiliated to （ C） originated from （ D） incorporated with 30 I am not _ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live. （ A） concerned （ B） compatib
17、le （ C） considerate （ D） complied 31 At first, the _ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality. （ A） transaction （ B） transmission （ C） transformation （ D） transition 32 When the committee _ to details, the propo
18、sed plan seemed impractical. （ A） got down （ B） set about （ C） went off （ D） came up 33 _ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are stilt covered with thick forests. （ A） Orientation （ B） Access （ C） Procession （ D） Voyage 34 Mr. Smith had an unusual _: he
19、 was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher. （ A） profession （ B） occupation （ C） position （ D） career 35 The mayor is a woman with great _ and therefore deserves our political and financial support. （ A） intention （ B） instinct （ C） integrity （ D） intensity 36 The En
20、glish weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and _ to everyone. （ A） speculation （ B） attribution （ C） utilization （ D） proposition 37 The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs _ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds. （ A） rend
21、ers （ B） reckons （ C） regards （ D） relates 38 To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be _, and display interest in the job. （ A） swift （ B） instant （ C） timely （ D） punctual 39 You dont have to install this radio in your new car; its an _ extra. （ A） excessive （ B） optional （ C） addi
22、tional （ D） arbitrary 40 We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didnt _ to the traffic jam of the busy city. （ A） aid （ B） amount （ C） add （ D） attribute 41 (Having isolated) on a remote island, (with) little work (to occupy) them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low (spirits
23、). （ A） Having isolated （ B） with （ C） to occupy （ D） spirits 42 If the letter (to be mailed) (was placed) on the writing table an hour ago, it (is) certain (being) there now. （ A） to be mailed （ B） was placed （ C） is （ D） being 43 The (ruling) party could even lose (its) majority in the lower house
24、 of parliament, (started) a period of (prolonged struggling). （ A） ruling （ B） its （ C） started （ D） prolonged struggling 44 The mechanisms (at) work (are manifest) in the tendency for such physical activity (to) utilize the (potential) harmful constituents of the stress response. （ A） at （ B） are m
25、anifest （ C） to （ D） potential 45 (In) the long run, however, this hurry (to shed) full-time staff may (be more) harmful (to) industry as it is to the workforce. （ A） In （ B） to shed （ C） be more （ D） to 46 See to (it) that you include (in) the examination paper (whatever) questions they didnt know
26、(the answer) last time. （ A） it （ B） in （ C） whatever （ D） the answer 47 Most newspapers, (while devoting) the major part of (its) space to recent events, usually manage to find (room) on the inside pages for articles (on) some interesting topics. （ A） while devoting （ B） its （ C） room （ D） on 48 On
27、e sign (by which) you are making progress in (an art) such as painting or photography is (that) you begin to realize how much (there is) to learn. （ A） by which （ B） an art （ C） that （ D） there is 49 The ideal listener stays both (inside and outside) the music at the moment it is played and (enjoyin
28、g) it almost (as much as) the composer at the moment he (composes). （ A） inside and outside （ B） enjoying （ C） as much as （ D） composes 50 (Continued) exposure to stress has been linked to (worsened) functioning of the immune system, (leaving) a person more liable (for) infection （ A） Continued （ B）
29、 worsened （ C） leaving （ D） for Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 51 Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of the people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of th
30、e community. (T1)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (T2)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the effic
31、iency of its agriculture and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that the government increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to set up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For ex ample,
32、 they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may or they may co-operate directly in the
33、growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (T3)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people ever
34、ywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideals, while governments are forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compare
35、d with the past. For example, (T4)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
36、All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the government concerned. (T5)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration move meats the
37、mselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. 51 【 T1】 52 【 T2】 53 【 T3】 54 【 T4】 55 【 T5】 56 A
38、history of long effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the Untied States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industrial unpar
39、alleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew r
40、icher. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980% Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By
41、1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the m
42、aking of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing an
43、d that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. Tile mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the cause of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In
44、1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yield to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, h
45、as gone on a diet, has learned to be more quick-witted“. According to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our business are improving their productivity“. Says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tan
46、k in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look hack on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States“. 56 The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because _. （ A） it had made painstaking effort towards this
47、 goal （ B） its domestic market was eight times larger than before （ C） the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors （ D） the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 57 The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in
48、 the fact that the American _. （ A） TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market （ B） semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises （ C） machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions （ D） auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 58 What can be inferred
49、from the passage? （ A） It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. （ B） Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. （ C） The revival of economy depends on international cooperation. （ D） A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 59 The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _. （ A） turning of
