1、2007年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 【 B1】 of these nations l
2、oved 【 B2】 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 【 B3】 the ideals of representative government, careers 【 B4】 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 【 B5】 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basi
3、s of society. 【 B6】 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 【 B7】 set of laws. On the issue of 【 B8】 of religion and the position of the church, 【 B9】 , there was less agreement 【 B10】 the leadersh
4、ip Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 【 B11】 by the Spanish crown. 【 B12】 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 【 B13】 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 【 B14】 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 【 B15】 for the
5、conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 【 B16】 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains 【 B17】 c
6、olonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 【 B18】 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 【 B19】 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 【 B20】 self-rule and democracy. 1 【 B1】 （ A）
7、 natives （ B） inhabitants （ C） peoples （ D） individuals 2 【 B2】 （ A） confusedly （ B） cheerfully （ C） worriedly （ D） hopefully 3 【 B3】 （ A） shared （ B） forgot （ C） attained （ D） rejected 4 【 B4】 （ A） related （ B） close （ C） open （ D） devoted 5 【 B5】 （ A） access （ B） succession （ C） right （ D） return
8、6 【 B6】 （ A） Presumably （ B） Incidentally （ C） Obviously （ D） Generally 7 【 B7】 （ A） unique （ B） common （ C） particular （ D） typical 8 【 B8】 （ A） freedom （ B） origin （ C） impact （ D） reform 9 【 B9】 （ A） therefore （ B） however （ C） indeed （ D） moreover 10 【 B10】 （ A） with （ B） about （ C） among （ D） b
9、y 11 【 B11】 （ A） allowed （ B） preached （ C） granted （ D） funded 12 【 B12】 （ A） Since （ B） If （ C） Unless （ D） While 13 【 B13】 （ A） as （ B） for （ C） under （ D） against 14 【 B14】 （ A） spread （ B） interference （ C） exclusion （ D） influence 15 【 B15】 （ A） support （ B） cry （ C） plea （ D） wish 16 【 B16】 （
10、 A） urged （ B） intended （ C） expected （ D） promised 17 【 B17】 （ A） controlling （ B） former （ C） remaining （ D） original 18 【 B18】 （ A） slower （ B） faster （ C） easier （ D） tougher 19 【 B19】 （ A） created （ B） produced （ C） contributed （ D） preferred 20 【 B20】 （ A） puzzled by （ B） hostile to （ C） pessi
11、mistic about （ D） unprepared for Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy
12、 quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What mi
13、ght account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the an
14、nual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above“. Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct
15、his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20“, Ericsson recalls. “He ke
16、pt improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers“. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In othe
17、r words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practi
18、ce. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task, Rather: it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, inc
19、luding soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put anoth
20、er way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. 21 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _. （ A） stress the importance of professional training （ B） spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup （
21、 C） introduce the topic of what makes expert performance （ D） explain why some soccer teams play better than others 22 The underlined word “mania“ (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） fun （ B） craze （ C） hysteria （ D） excitement 23 According to Ericsson, good memory _. （ A） depends on m
22、eaningful processing of information （ B） results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises （ C） is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors （ D） requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration 24 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _. （ A） talent is a dominati
23、ng factor for professional success （ B） biographical data provide the key to excellent performance （ C） the role of talent tends to be overlooked （ D） high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture 25 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? （ A） Faith
24、will move mountains. （ B） One reaps what one sows. （ C） Practice makes perfect. （ D） Like father, like son. 26 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a
25、mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing
26、 when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that
27、 have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defi
28、ning term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms; the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally
29、costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rath
30、er than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements n
31、ecessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to proble
32、m solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with l
33、eadership that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? （ A） Answering philosophical questions. （
34、B） Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. （ C） Telling the differences between certain concepts. （ D） Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 27 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? （ A） People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
35、 （ B） More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. （ C） The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. （ D） Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 28 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because
36、 _. （ A） the scores are obtained through different computational procedures （ B） creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now （ C） vos Savants case is an extreme one that will not repeat （ D） the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed 29 We can conclude from the last paragraph
37、 that _. （ A） test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability （ B） IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated （ C） testing involves a lot of guesswork （ D） traditional tests are out of date 30 What is the authors attitude towards IQ tests? （ A） Supportive. （ B） Skeptical. （ C） Impart
38、ial. （ D） Biased. 31 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair pay to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family
39、from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effec
40、t: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once has in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or f
41、ell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the sam
42、e period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive thei
43、r retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the abso
44、lute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are wor
45、king against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all he attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity t
46、o exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 31 Todays double-income families are at
47、 greater financial risk in that _. （ A） the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared （ B） their chances of being laid off have greatly increased （ C） they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics （ D） they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance 32 As a result of Presiden
48、t Bushs reform, retired people may have _. （ A） a higher sense of security （ B） less secured payments （ C） less change to invest （ D） a guaranteed future 33 According to the author, health-savings plans will _. （ A） help reduce the cost of healthcare （ B） popularize among the middle class （ C） compe
49、nsate for the reduced pensions （ D） increase the families investment risk 34 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. （ A） financial risks tend to outweigh political risks （ B） the middle class may face greater political challenges （ C） financial problems may bring about political problems （ D） financial responsibility is an indicator of political status 35 Which of the following is the best title for this text? （ A） The Middle Class on the Alert. （ B） The Middle Class on the Cliff. （ C） The Middle Cla
