1、GCT工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the
2、 center. 1 Dinner will be ready_, but we still have time for a drink. （ A） finally （ B） currently （ C） presently （ D） lately 2 It is said that the_of some of the state-owned companies cant meet their expenditure. （ A） taxes （ B） credits （ C） revenues （ D） deficits 3 They worked together and so_the t
3、ask in a month. （ A） carried out （ B） carried through （ C） carried on （ D） carried off 4 The FBI arrived in time to prevent the_of the secret documents. （ A） transmission （ B） transformation （ C） transportation （ D） translation 5 Banking and financial systems filled with_and corruption hinder the re
4、gions Success. （ A） bribery （ B） management （ C） mismanagement （ D） mismanaging 6 He_the danger that doesnt exist. （ A） forever imagines （ B） is forever imagining （ C） imagines forever （ D） forever is imagining 7 The point is worth_. （ A） being mentioned （ B） mentioning （ C） to mention （ D） mentione
5、d 8 The firm decided after a board meeting that the old machinery in the factories_with. （ A） do away （ B） would be done away （ C） should do away （ D） should be done away 9 I got a headache. Otherwise I_to the lecture. （ A） would go （ B） would have gone （ C） went （ D） have 10 Its high time that the
6、girl_sent to school. （ A） were （ B） was （ C） be （ D） is to be 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your
7、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 11 Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutionary theorists view emotion as a pow
8、erful source of motivation an internal communication that something must be done. For example, when people are threatened, they fed fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situation through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also operate in tandem to motivate action,
9、 as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary perspective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion me potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat. An emotion that is less well understood is j
10、ealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners fidelity. Since females can have only a limited number of children during their lifetimes, to maximiz
11、e their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationships with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence demonstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around the world is male resources. From a
12、females point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by, emotional commitment to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert resources from his mate and her offspring to a casualling, but the risk increases dramatically if he becomes emotionally involved and perhaps consi
13、ders switching long-term partners. Hence, a womans jealousy would be expected to focus on her mates emotional commitment to another female. For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive relationship with a female, he must be certain that the offspring in whom he is
14、 investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he can do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the females emotional commitment or resources and more on her tendency to give other males sexual
15、access. Indeed, in species ranging from insects to humans, males take extreme measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross-culturally. 11 This passage discusses the_approach to human emo
16、tions. （ A） evolutionary （ B） cognitive （ C） psychological （ D） economic 12 Evolutionary theorists view emotion as all of the following except_. （ A） cognitive processes （ B） a source of motivation （ C） something promoting action （ D） serving various functions 13 The idea presented in 2nd paragraph
17、can be best described as_. （ A） realistic （ B） materialistic （ C） ironical （ D） offspring-oriented 14 According to the evolutionary perspective, womens jealousy ultimately stems from_. （ A） concern over their husbands reproductive ability （ B） fear that their husbands resources would be threatened （
18、 C） their husbands divided attention to them and their offspring （ D） their emotional instability resulting from their husbands infidelity 15 According to this passage, a man jealousy is mainly focused on_. （ A） a concern over their wives resources （ B） the fatherhood of the offspring to whom he is
19、investing （ C） their mates emotional commitment （ D） the legitimacy of their marriage 16 In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料 ) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were ea
20、ger to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场 ). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one o
21、ut of five plastic soda bottles is recycled(回收利用 ) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling inv
22、olves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recy
23、cling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-managemen
24、t option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled
25、products by giving them a more refined raw material. 16 What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?_. （ A） Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles. （ B） Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycli
26、ng. （ C） A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling. （ D） Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them. 17 The returned plastic bottles in New York used to_. （ A） end up somewhere underground （ B） be turned into raw materials （ C） have a
27、 second life value （ D） be separated from other rubbish 18 The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is_. （ A） to sell them at a profitable price （ B） how to turn them into useful things （ C） how to reduce their recycling costs （ D） to lower the prices for used materials 1
28、9 Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because_. （ A） local governments fred it easy to manage （ B） recycling has great appeal for the jobless （ C） recycling causes little pollution （ D） other methods are more expensive 20 It can be concluded from the passage that_. （ A）
29、 rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials （ B） local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recycling （ C） recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally （ D） landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal 21 Internet is a global netw
30、ork that connects other computer networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of data. The Internet, often referred to as “the Net“, was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almos
31、t every country in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control. The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to a
32、ccess information in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than o
33、ne destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as “the Web“, is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of th
34、e World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form known as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It al
35、so allows the inclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to “click“ on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations no
36、w have their own Web site (specified by an address code) and publish a “home page“, giving information about the organization. Up to the mid 1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through
37、 commercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data
38、 protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship. 21 From the first paragraph, we learn that the Internet_. （ A） was initiated by the U.S.Department of Defense in 1969 （ B） was only able to connect computers into networks at its beginning （ C） has not any
39、kind of organization behind it at all （ D） works independently of any governmental control 22 Access to remote information_. （ A） is a high level service provided by the Internet （ B） is the most notable feature with the Internet （ C） is a basic function performed by the Internet （ D） can only be ac
40、hieved by the Internet 23 It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way for_. （ A） even farther information transfer （ B） online commercial promotions （ C） academic uses （ D） distributing multimedia information 24 Which of the following is not a problem brought in by the populariz
41、ation of the Internet? （ A） Difficulty in inspecting the content of publications. （ B） Difficulty in protecting copyright across national borders. （ C） Difficulty in promoting sales of superior products. （ D） The possibility that potentially harmful content may be published. 25 This passage focuses
42、on_. （ A） the instructions for the Internet users （ B） the historical development of the Internet （ C） the kinds of data transferred through the Internet （ D） the problems brought about the Internet 26 We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When
43、 it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became
44、attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline(衰退 )when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies.
45、 The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed
46、for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension Strategy is called product modification.
47、 It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to k
48、eep demand from falling. 26 According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will_. （ A） decrease gradually （ B） remain at the same level （ C） become unstable （ D） improve enormously 27 The first paragraph tells us that a new product is_. （ A） not easil
49、y accepted by the public （ B） often inferior to old ones at first （ C） often more expensive than old ones （ D） usually introduced to satisfy different tastes 28 Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to_. （ A） promote its production （ B） work out marketing policies （ C） speed up its life cycle （ D） increase its popularity 29 The author mentions the example of “backpacks“(Line 4, Para. 2) to show the imp
