1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 Vocabulary 1 Even before the train had come to a stop, the massive onslaught of bodies engulfed us from all sides. （ A） plunging （ B） outpouring （ C） striking （ D） withdrawing 2 Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her. （ A） d
2、ecency （ B） posterity （ C） apathy （ D） eulogy 3 Inflation has surged in recent months due to double-digit spike in sensitive food prices blamed on shortages of pork and other basic goods. （ A） sharp rise （ B） regular increase （ C） dramatic drop （ D） anticipated decrease 4 The tables in this display
3、are on sale because they have a few imperfections in the finish. （ A） defects （ B） suspects （ C） rejects （ D） reflects 5 Indigenous Australians believe that reconciliation is necessary but the government should, most importantly, make a formal apology for what they did in the past. （ A） conflict （ B
4、） confrontation （ C） rapprochement （ D） reconnaissance 6 He sat there for many days in meditation, opening himself up to the truth （ A） solace （ B） boredom （ C） silence （ D） contemplation 7 The Ministry of Science and Technology also said in July that an independent watch-dog will be created to scru
5、tinize the use of research funds. （ A） criticize with bias （ B） justify with evidence （ C） provide with assistance （ D） examine with great care 8 The basis of this consensus is a belief that improved relations with the U. S. would serve Iranian interests on a variety of fronts, including Iraq, Afgha
6、nistan, oil production, foreign investment and Irans nuclear energy program. （ A） agreement reached by a group as a whole （ B） opinion accepted by the majority （ C） view held by the minority （ D） perspective ignored by most people 9 The pope upset two large sections of Turkish society with a lecture
7、 on September 12th in which he quoted a Byzantine emperor who suggested that Islam had engendedred nothing hut violence. （ A） resisted （ B） withheld （ C） caused （ D） endured 10 Correction of the students aberrant pronunciation is a continual, on-going process, not something reserved for lessons or e
8、xercises in pronunciation. （ A） habitual （ B） familiar （ C） conventional （ D） nonstandard 11 Most of _ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains. （ A） these （ B） what （ C） which （ D） their 12 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into
9、the neighboring country, _ by the police each time. （ A） had been captured （ B） being always captured （ C） only to be captured （ D） unfortunately captured 13 The scheme was _ when it was discovered it would be very costly. （ A） resigned （ B） surrendered （ C） released （ D） abandoned 14 It is bad mann
10、er to _ other people behind their backs. （ A） do up （ B） do by （ C） do away with （ D） do down 15 No one was absent from the meeting, _? （ A） was she （ B） werent she （ C） were they （ D） werent they 16 My wealthy aunt exceeds the trait of being economical. She is so _ that she washes paper plates to b
11、e used again. （ A） affluent （ B） parsimonious （ C） indigent （ D） selfish 17 He was fired because of his _ refusal to follow orders. （ A） obstinate （ B） obstructive （ C） obscure （ D） obsessive 18 The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to put _ to someone who knows nothing about food values. （
12、A） over （ B） aside （ C） along （ D） across 19 I was standing waiting for a bus, _ between two old ladies and their bags of shopping. （ A） wedged （ B） mingled （ C） primed （ D） stuffed 20 It is very plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisur
13、e for necessary rest in the course of the day. （ A） conductive （ B） constructive （ C） conciliate （ D） conducive 21 Roy, who was supposed to on a diet, kept making _ trips to the kitchen to nibbleon this and that, whenever he thought no one would notice. （ A） respite （ B） surreptitious （ C） secret （
14、D） merry 22 Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austens novels has oscillated between _ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary contemporaries. （ A） dismissal （ B） adoration （ C） disapproval （ D） indifference 23 Prices reach equilibri
15、um at the level at which quantity demanded _ quantity supplied. （ A） is equal to （ B） equal （ C） equals to （ D） is equal 24 Can you believe that I won the photo contest with the _ of the two pictures that was most esthetic, even though I only tried to hang them where there were nails! （ A） autonomy
16、（ B） cynicism （ C） conglomerate （ D） dexterity 25 Sharon as supposed to be here at nine oclock, she _ about our meeting. （ A） would have forgotten （ B） should have forgotten （ C） ought to have forgotten （ D） must have forgotten 26 In the next few weeks consumer spending will increase by 7% in Americ
17、a, _ with last year, according to a consumer survey by Deloitte, a consultancy. （ A） comparing （ B） compared （ C） to compare （ D） having compared 27 They reported the loss and gave all the necessary _ to the police. （ A） happenings （ B） qualifications （ C） characteristics （ D） particulars 28 In Hong
18、 Kongs huge Ocean Terminal shopping complex Prudential has opened a shop alongside _ fashion brands such as Prada and Ralph Lauren. （ A） inspiring （ B） operational （ C） aspirational （ D） mind-bending 29 “Common language“ here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle
19、_ any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. （ A） to （ B） for （ C） with （ D） on 30 New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks from _ the weeds themselves. （ A） anything but （ B） other than （ C） more than （ D） none
20、 other than 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether fine commentator is North
21、 American or Puerto Rica. Many American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. Such a “socio-demographic“ approach tends to regard assim
22、ilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors,
23、coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the “radical“ critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility, and are thus una
24、ble to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority. In contrasts, the “Colonialist“ approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo Seda-Bonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Lius Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of national culture in an
25、unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a strong tradition of culture accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Ricos commonwealth status share the same universal
26、izing orientation. But the Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advocating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the subjugation of colonial nationaliti
27、es. This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history. They pose the clash of national cultures as an absolute polarity, with each culture understood as static and un
28、differentiated. Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies; forces that may move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere “assimilation“. Consider, for example, the indigenous and
29、 Afro-Caribbean traditions in Puerto Rican culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. The elements of Coercion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework, play no role in this kind
30、of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same class. 31 The authors main purpose is to _. （ A） criticize the emphasis on social standing in discussions of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States （ B） support the thesis that assimilation has not been a benign
31、 process for Puerto Ricans （ C） defend a view of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans that emphasizes the preservation of national culture （ D） indicate deficiencies in two schools of thought on the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States 32 Culture accommodation is promoted by _. （ A） Eduar
32、do Seda-Bonilla （ B） Manuel Maldonado-Denis （ C） The author of Divided Society （ D） many supporters of Puerto Ricos commonwealth status 33 A writer such as Eugenio Fernandez Mendez would most likely agree that _. （ A） it is necessary for the members of such groups to adapt to the culture of the majo
33、rity （ B） the members of such groups generally encounter a culture that is static and undifferentiated （ C） social mobility is the most important feature of the experience of members of such groups （ D） social scientists should emphasize the cultural and political aspects of the experience of member
34、s of such groups 34 The Puerto Rican writers who have written most about assimilation do NOT _. （ A） regard assimilation as benign （ B） resist cultural integration （ C） describe in detail the process of assimilation （ D） take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case 35 The “colonial
35、ist“ approach is so Called because its practitioners _. （ A） support Puerto Ricos commonwealth status （ B） have a strong tradition of culture accommodation （ C） emphasize the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history （ D） regard the political relation of Puerto Rico to
36、the United States as a significant factor in the experience of Puerto Ricans 35 In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computer
37、s are, they are nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old
38、 kid. A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new mo
39、vement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to w
40、ork with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AL movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field. Imitating the brains neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scient
41、ist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still missed an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors. “ He explains, “But its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the
42、brain cells themselves.“ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build around the same s
43、ort of molecular skills. Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only g
44、ame in town. 36 The author says that the powerful computer of today _. （ A） are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object （ B） are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior （ C） are not very different in their performance from those of the 50s （ D） still cannot communicate with people in h
45、uman language 37 The new trend in AI research stems from _. （ A） the shift of focus of study onto the recognition of the shapes of objects （ B） the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs （ C） the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence
46、 of a ten-month-old child （ D） the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells 38 Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to _. （ A） find a roundabout way to design powerful computers （ B） build a computer using a c
47、lever network of switches （ C） find out how intelligence developed in nature （ D） separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought 39 Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement? （ A） It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out. （ B） Its
48、 a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes. （ C） Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort. （ D） It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects. 40 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game
49、in town“? （ A） The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer. （ B） The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research. （ C） The only area worth studying in computer science. （ D） The only game they would play in town. 40 Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840s. What is most impressive abou
