1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 Vocabulary 1 The coming of the runways in the 1830s _ our society and economic life. （ A） transformed （ B） transported （ C） transmitted （ D） transferred 2 He has been resisting _ pressure to resign as the head of the organization. （ A） extensive （ B） external （ C） extrovert （ D
2、） exterior 3 It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） associated with （ C） involved in （ D） assigned to 4 My students found the book _; it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject. （ A） enlightening （ B） distracting
3、（ C） confusing （ D） amusing 5 She should be _ and not make unreasonable demands. （ A） sensational （ B） sensible （ C） sensitive （ D） sensual 6 She claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to _ their critics. （ A） appease （ B） quash （ C） swelter （ D） maltreat 7 Our football coach
4、has worked hard to _ a team spirit into the players. （ A） inculcate （ B） incapacitate （ C） inflate （ D） infuriate 8 Because it takes an interest in anything that _ on the health of travelers, this emerging medical speculums invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. （ A） impinges （ B） jolts
5、 （ C） shocks （ D） concusses 9 Spread the cream evenly over your arms and legs and _ it into the skin. （ A） mastermind （ B） massacre （ C） massage （ D） message 10 You had the _ situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. （ A） luminous （ B）
6、 luculent （ C） lubricant （ D） ludicrous 11 This collection of short stories is said _ into at least five foreign languages in the years to come. （ A） to translate （ B） to be translated （ C） to have been translated （ D） being translated 12 He would have paid _ for his fridge had the salesman insisted
7、 because he really needed it. （ A） as much twice （ B） twice as much （ C） as twice （ D） two times 13 The leaders were seen _ in the hall but they didnt make known the problems （ A） be assembling, discussed （ B） assembling, discussed （ C） assembled, discussing （ D） be assembled, discussing 14 They wer
8、e given nothing _ dry bread and water for their evening meal. （ A） other than （ B） more than （ C） less than （ D） rather than 15 Rebecca _ home, for I saw her just now at the canteen. （ A） mustnt have gone （ B） shouldnt have gone （ C） cant have gone （ D） couldnt have gone 16 The Clarks havent decided
9、 yet which hotel _ （ A） to stay （ B） is to stay （ C） to stay at （ D） is for staying 17 By the next month we _ this assignment. （ A） will finish （ B） will be finishing （ C） will have finished （ D） have finished 18 The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. （ A） to be r
10、obbed （ B） robbed （ C） to have been robbed （ D） having been robbed 19 The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to China. （ A） where （ B） to which （ C） in which （ D） which 20 Paul was lying on the lawn, his hands _ under his head. （ A） were crossing （ B） we
11、re crossed （ C） crossing （ D） crossed 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Low-level slash-and-bum farming doesnt harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back
12、more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest fl
13、oor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming. But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter. Glaser has shown that
14、most of this fertile organic matter comes from “ black carbon“the organic particles from camp fires and charred wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-bum farming.“ The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70 times more black carbon than the surrounding soil,“ says Glaser. Unbur
15、nt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old. “Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesnt completely burn all the vegetation, and l
16、eaves behind charred wood,“ says Glaser. “It can be better than manure.“ Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small- scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activiti
17、es damage the environment, Glaser says: “Black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.“ Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the ce
18、ntral Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery confirms the soils human origins. The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgi
19、n“ forest. During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it see
20、ms the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves. 21 We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that _. （ A） it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforest （ B） it destroys rainforest soils （ C） it helps im
21、prove rainforest soils （ D） it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils 22 Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because _. （ A） the composition of the topsoil is rather unstable （ B） black carbon is washed away by heavy rains （ C） organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rain （ D）
22、long-term farming has exhausted the ingredients essential to plant growth 23 Glaser made his discovery by _. （ A） studying patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon （ B） examining pottery left over by ancient civilizations （ C） test-burning patches of trees in the central Amazon （ D） radiocarbo
23、n-dating ingredients contained in forest soils 24 What does Glaser say about the regrowth of rainforests? （ A） They take centuries to regrow after being burnt. （ B） They cannot recover unless the vegetation is burnt completely. （ C） Their regrowth will be hampered by human habitation. （ D） They can
24、recover easily after slash-and-bum farmin 25 From the passage it can be inferred that _. （ A） human activities will do grave damage to rainforests （ B） Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the world （ C） farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforests （ D） there onc
25、e existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforests 25 Sake wa ten no biroku, goes the Japanese saying: Sake is heavens reward. For more than a thousand years, the Japanese have relished the delicacy of their fermented rice brew and built their social lives around it. On ceremonial occasions t
26、hey break open a cedar cask, and the exchange of ritual sake toasts seals wedding vows. In a less formal tradition, workers ease the days stress at red lantern-lighted watering holes that collectively offer thousands of variations of the beverage. Says Tokyo management consultant Masataka Takada: “S
27、itting at the bar, sipping sake sake side by side with a colleague lets the conversation flow.“ At least that is how it used to be. Nowadays fewer and fewer drinkers seem to agree with Takada. A growing preference for just 15% of Japans alcohol market, while beer makes up 70%; as recently as 1970 sa
28、ke had a 30% share. That trend plus high land and labor costs are pushing smaller sake brewers out of business. Among the 2, 000 companies still brewing, about half are losing money. For the Koyama Brewery, the sake crisis threatens a family business that began in 1885. The sole remaining sake produ
29、cer in the city of Tokyo, it is tucked into four ancient vine-covered warehouses near a local highway and sits over an abundant underground water supply. A large ball made of cedar needles, once a sign to the public that the years brew was ready, now hangs year round near the company entrance next t
30、o a sake vending machine. Fourth-generation President Kozo Koyama is struggling to combine mechanization and tradition in a bid to survive. From the winter months of October through April, five kurabito, or brewers, and their toji, or leader, hole themselves up in the Koyama warehouses. Farmers from
31、 the Niigata prefecture, north of Tokyo, they work in the breweries while snow covers their rice paddies. From large paper sacks, the kurabito pour out special large-grained varieties of rice that have been polished down to 70% or less of their original size to get rid of fat and increase solubility
32、. They wash and steam the rice, mix it with yeast, malted rice and water pumped up from 13 m. underground. The pasty white mixture is left to gurgle and ferment in 8,000-L green vats for 25 days, after which the brew is pressed, filtered and pasteurized. The toil, Isaburo Koyama (no relation to the
33、founding family), free-tunes the process, deciding when to stir the brew and how much to adjust its fermentation temperature. During and after World War , sake makers mixed their brew with large amounts of alcohol to increase volume. That proved popular, but it dulled the subtle aroma of various reg
34、ional flavors of sake and killed conoisseurship. Desensitized by the alcohol- reeking concoctions, many Japanese knew little beyond the genetic term sake and its traditional container, the 1.8 L brown glass bottle called an issho-bin. When producers realized they were brewing up a calamity, many dec
35、ided to revive sakes distinct tastes, further polishing the constituent rice to bring out a fruity aroma and adding alcohol only to adjust the flavor. The process became costlier, but sake could now be marketed as a higher-grade drink. The industry then came up with promotional campaigns to make sak
36、e more fashionable, such as serving it chilled like white wine or offering limited editions. Sleeker, smaller bottles or convenient paper cartons are replacing the issho-bin. Qualifications have even been established for sake sommeliers to guide gourmet drinkers through the 5,000 available brands. I
37、n the past few years, these image efforts have started to pay off. The designer brews currently make up close to 20% of the sake market. To improve their return, some firms have turned to computers. Gekkeikan, Japans largest brewer, with about 6% of the market, make nine-tenths of its sake with mach
38、inery using “fuzzy logic“ chips rather than the experienced judgment of a toji.“Our technology will even improve on tradition,“ says Yukio Matsumoto, deputy director of the Tokyo branch. Gekkeikan and other large producers also brew sake in the U.S. for the local market; they can capitalize on rice
39、that is about one-fifth as expensive as that at home. But so far, none have announced plans to export from their California breweries back to Japan, partly for fear of antagonizing the powerful rice lobby. Though he has sought to be more efficient and now manufactures a variety of upscale brews, Koz
40、o Koyama doesnt think his brewery will be among the lucky survivors. He complains that real estate taxes take away 8% of his revenues and fears that in a tight labor market it will be difficult to find an eventual replacement for his long time toji, now 69.“I cant continue in the city even if I want
41、 to,“ say Koyama. In a conflict that he views as prophetic, his neighbors last year complained about the leaves falling from the towering trees that grace the small plot of ground at the brewery dedicated to sake gods; Koyama was forced to clip the trees. Such a lack of respect does not augur well f
42、or an embattled tradition, however heavenly. 26 What is related to sake? （ A） Rice paddies, fruits, get-together of colleagues. （ B） Wedding ceremonies, rice, revenue. （ C） Fermented rice, alcohol, water. （ D） Farmers, large-grained rice, a large ball made of cedar needles. 27 One reason for the dec
43、lining business of sake in Japan is that _. （ A） the price of rice rise so dramatically in Japan that sake brewers can not make profit any more （ B） the introduction of mechanization in the process of brewing lowers the qualities of sake so that people no longer like the flavor （ C） people in Japan
44、dont get together as often as they used to, which leads to a decreased demand on sake （ D） Japanese people tend to like beer and drinks with less alcohol and the costs of labors are increased 28 Which of the following statement is TRUE? （ A） Kurabito wash and steam the rice in order to reduce fat an
45、d increase solubility when they make sake. （ B） Sake, which has a history of nearly a thousand years, is mainly produced as family business. （ C） Now the market share of the national drink is less than 1/5 as much as the market share of beer. （ D） Koyama Brewery, Japans largest and the sole remainin
46、g brewer, transfers its market from Japan to the overseas. 29 In order to survive in the present market, sake brewers _. （ A） try adding more alcohol into sake to attract more consumers （ B） are struggling to combine mechanization with tradition, and some even have turned to computers （ C） market th
47、e traditional sake as a higher-grade drink and make it more fashionable by offering sake in the convenient issho-bin （ D） produce sake in the U. S. , for rice there is comparatively cheaper, and they export their breweries back to Japan 30 What is the main idea of the article? （ A） Japans rice wine
48、is losing appeal, prompting breweries to try new ways to win back beerloving consumers. （ B） Japanese people no longer like sake and sake brewers are losing their business. （ C） Gekkeikan was forced to cut down the tree dedication to sake gods, which augurs an unfortunate prospect. （ D） No longer pr
49、eferred in ceremonial occasions in Japan, sake is doomed to extinction. 30 In the 1939 classic Western “ Stagecoach “, a villainous banker with a bag of embezzled cash in his lap frets about the state of the American economy: “Our national debt is something shocking!“ he complains. That year American public debt was just over two-fifths of GDP. This year, the IMF reckons, it will be just over 98% , rising to over 102% in 2012. Were he still a
