1、考研英语模拟试卷 107及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The Californian coastline north and south of Silicon Valley is a trend-setting sort of place. Increasingly, the home interiors of t
2、he well-heeled there tend toward one of two (1)_. Houses are (2)_ light-flooded, sparse and vaguely Asian in (3)_, with perhaps a Zen fountain in one corner, a Yoga area in another. Or they resemble electronic control rooms with all sorts of (4)_, computers, routers, antennae, screens and remote con
3、trols. Occasionally, both elements are (5)_. “She“ may have the living room and public areas, (6)_ “he“ is banished with his toys up or down the stairs. Currently, the gadget lovers have powerful allies. Many of the largest companies in the consumer-electronics, computer, telecoms and internet indus
4、tries have made a strategic decision to (7)_ visions of a “digital home“, “eHome“, or “connected home“. Doubting that (8)_ from corporate customers will ever (9)_ to the boom levels of the late 1990s, Microsoft, Intel, Sony, Verizon, Comcast, Hewlett-Packard, Apple and others see the consumer (10)_
5、their best chance for growth and will be throwing a bewildering (11)_ of home “solutions“ at (12)_ in the coming months and years. To understand what the (13)_ ultimately have in (14)_ it is best to visit the (15)_ homes that most have built on their campuses or at trade shows. (16)_ cosy and often
6、intimidating, these feature flat screens almost everywhere, (17)_ electronic picture frames in the bedroom from the large TV-substitute in the living room. Every (18)_ has a microchip and can be (19)_ to, typed into or clicked onto. Everything is (20)_ to a central computer through wireless links. （
7、 A） extremes （ B） spheres （ C） hazards （ D） loopholes （ A） nor （ B） either （ C） also （ D） neither （ A） quest （ B） exhaustiveness （ C） character （ D） chaos （ A） equipment （ B） devices （ C） facilities （ D） gadgets （ A） detrimental （ B） imaginative （ C） present （ D） illusive （ A） though （ B） while （ C）
8、 because （ D） as if （ A） land （ B） quench （ C） dampen （ D） hawk （ A） complaint （ B） feedback （ C） demand （ D） censorship （ A） recover （ B） foster （ C） cement （ D） formulate （ A） beneath （ B） against （ C） throughout （ D） as （ A） array （ B） lookout （ C） ideology （ D） conversion （ A） theirs （ B） them （
9、 C） his （ D） him （ A） retailers （ B） vendors （ C） conspirator （ D） designers （ A） notion （ B） concept （ C） illusion （ D） mind （ A） farraginous （ B） inviting （ C） mock （ D） notorious （ A） Ultimately （ B） Typically （ C） Fortunately （ D） Rarely （ A） by （ B） to （ C） within （ D） such as （ A） object （ B）
10、obligation （ C） objection （ D） obstruction （ A） told （ B） said （ C） talked （ D） claimed （ A） connected （ B） designated （ C） derived （ D） input Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Nothing approaching last week
11、s toll of death and destruction has visited European or U.S. shores, but that doesnt mean they are invulnerable. Large tsunamis are not that rare and, every now and again, they crash into familiar ports of call, sweeping away people and property. In 1960, for example, a tremendous earthquake in Chil
12、e unleashed an armada of giant waves that killed 61 on the island of Hawaii before moving on to kill at least 100 on the Japanese island of Honshu. Four years later, a tsunami triggered by an earthquake off the coast of Alaska resulted in more than 100 deaths there. The worst European tsunami in rec
13、orded history occurred in 1755, when an earth quake off Portugals Atlantic coast sent gigantic waves crashing into Lisbon. Together, the quake, the waves and fire took 60,000 lives in the city at a time when it was the cap ital of an empire. Similar death tolls were recorded in towns along Italys St
14、rait of Messina in the wake of the tsunami of 1908. The more scientists look into the tsunami threat beyond Asia, the larger it seems to loom. Tsunamis can be triggered by massive landslides as well as earthquakes, and University of Hawaii oceanographer Gary McMurtry has evidence to suggest that aro
15、und 120,000 years ago, a landslide unleashed by Mauna Loa created a megatsunami that heaved sand and sea fossils 500 m up the slopes of nearby Kohala. Sand layers along the coasts of the North and Norwegian seas and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean have been attributed to a huge tsunami created by an
16、 underwater landslide off Norway some 7,100 years ago. In the Canary Islands today, the unstable western slope of the Cumbre Vieja volcano poses a threat to Atlantic coastlines. Should it collapse and slide into the sea, a scientist from University College London warns, it would send tsunamis coursi
17、ng through the Atlantic basin at hundreds of miles per hour. According to one nightmare scenario, the island chain would be wiped out, and massive waves would strike the west African coast, European countries lying along the Atlantic, northern South America, Caribbean islands, southeastern Canada an
18、d the U.S. East Coast. Some waves could be as tall as five-story buildings. Tsunamis take time to travel, which can give populations in harms way anywhere from a few minutes to many hours to flee. For this reason, 26 countries have banded together to establish a tsunami-warning system for the Pacifi
19、c (though not yet for the Atlantic or Indian oceans, or the Mediterranean Sea). “Tsunamis are low-probability, high consequence events,“ says Viacheslav K. Gusiakov, head of the Russian Academy of Sciences Tsunami Laboratory in Novosibirsk, Siberia. “But even we specialists on hazards could not quit
20、e believe that today a tsunami could kill so many. We used to think of vulnerability in terms of material damage, rather than loss of human life. This great tragedy showed we were wrong.“ As presently configured, the warning system is far from perfect, generating a 75% rate of false alarms. But that
21、 should change with the deployment of a new generation of buoy-anchored detectors that can be positioned deep underwater. In November 2003, a trial run of the system showed that a tsunami unleashed by an Alaskan earthquake would be too small to do any damage when it reached Hawaii there by avoiding
22、an unnecessary and costly coastal evacuation like one caused by a false alarm eight years earlier. After last weeks disaster, however, few are likely to ignore the tsunami sirens the next time they sound. 21 The fact that tsunamis appear more worrisome results from （ A） the gigantic waves crashing i
23、nto U.S. shores. （ B） an earthquake off Portugal Atlantic coast. （ C） the increasing scientific research. （ D） a massive landslide unleashed by Mauna Loa. 22 At present, the U.S. East Coast is at potential hazard to be triggered by （ A） a tremendous earthquake in Chile. （ B） the Cumbre Vieja volcano
24、. （ C） an underwater landside off Norway. （ D） an Alaskan earthquake. 23 It is implied in the text that （ A） the toll of death and destruction is an astronomical figure. （ B） the present system generates numerous false alarms. （ C） material damage has been taken into account. （ D） tsunamis leave peo
25、ple a chance of narrow escape. 24 The professionals, according to the text, have made a mistake in （ A） leaving the warning system imperfect for years. （ B） delaying the deployment of a new generation of detectors. （ C） insisting Tsunamis potential damage to the public infrastructure. （ D） ignoring
26、of Tsunamis destructive force to human life. 25 A detector is to the warning system what （ A） an engine to the locomotive. （ B） an air-conditioner to the limousine. （ C） a dust jacket to the book. （ D） a remote control to the TV set. 26 Across the developed world, health-care spending is rising and
27、will continue to in crease as populations age. As each country feels the financial strain, it is tempting to imagine that there must be a better way of funding medical care elsewhere. In Britain, for example, Bernard Ribeiro, the new president of the Royal College of Surgeons, has called for the Nat
28、ional Health Service (NHS) to be financed from social-insurance contributions, as in Germany and France, rather than from general taxation. He worries that a tax-financed system will not deliver enough resources to meet the demand for health-care spending in the longer run. There are indeed good rea
29、sons for concern about the way the NHS is financed, for it has allowed the government to pump in too much money too fast. But there is no ideal sys tem for paying for health care. The European social-insurance model is in even more trouble than Britains tax-based model. By loading the burden on to e
30、mployers and workers and thus raising labour costs, it has contributed to the inflexibility of labour markets and thus to the Euro-sclerosis that continental governments are struggling to recover from. In France, the government has resorted to general taxation to spread the burden. In Germany and el
31、sewhere the model looks increasingly unsustainable, not least because its narrow fiscal base will be exposed to unfavourable demographics when the post-war baby-boomers start leaving the labour force in droves. Nor does America offer an ideal solution. It has a mixed financing system, in which the g
32、overnment stumps up for the elderly and the poor, and employers pay for private coverage of their workers. Health-care spending has reached a record 15% of GDP, dwarfing Britains 8%, yet 45m Americans lack insurance cover. The rising cost of publicly-financed medical care threatens Americas fiscal h
33、ealth. Rather than focusing on how the money is raised, reformers should worry about how it is spent. Health-care expenditure is rocketing not just because demand is rising but also because health-care markets work badly. They are dominated by powerful providerscompanies, hospitals and influential d
34、octors which find it fairly easy to pass on ever-rising costs from new medical technologies to the state or the insurers who pick up most of the tab. Private individuals payments generally account for a smallish share of health care spending precisely because medical bills tend to be so high that ev
35、erybody needs insurance cover of one sort or another. Taxes, social-insurance contributions and payments by employers all boil down to forms of health insurance. The cure is not to try to raise yet more money in a different way. Instead, the overriding goal must be to spend the money pouring into he
36、alth care more effectively by getting wasteful medical systems to work better. Two sets of reform are vital and both, as it hap pens, are being undertaken in Britains tax-financed NHS. 26 The authors attitude toward Mr. Ribeiros view seems to be （ A） supportive. （ B） indicative. （ C） negative. （ D）
37、comprehensive. 27 The narration of the European model in the second Paragraph implies that （ A） Mr. Ribeiros concern should be stressed. （ B） there are good reasons for worry about NHSs fiscal health. （ C） Mr. Ribeiros proposal wont work well. （ D） too much fund is being paid for health care. 28 The
38、 phrase “stump up“(Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably means （ A） raise. （ B） dominate. （ C） call. （ D） pay. 29 The writer seems to recommend that the concentration of concern should be placed on （ A） a better method of funding medical care. （ B） the way of employing medical fund. （ C） the threat to Ameri
39、cas fiscal budget. （ D） how the fund is raised effectively. 30 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by （ A） explaining a phenomenon. （ B） making a contrast. （ C） introducing an argument. （ D） justifying an assumption. 31 On the face of it, anarchists, who believe in no governmen
40、t, have little in common with Jihadists, who believe in imposing a particularly rigid form of government on every one. The theoreticians for both movements have often been bearded and angry, of course, and their followers have readily taken to the bomb. But there the similarities end, dont they, so
41、what lessons can be drawn from a bunch of zealots who flourished over 100 years ago and whose ideology now counts for practically nothing? At least two, actually. The first is that repression, expulsion and restrictions on free speech do little to end terrorism. All were tried, often with great vigo
42、ur, at the end of the 19th century when the anarchist violence that terrified much of Europe and parts of America was at its zenith. As our report makes clear, governments had good reason to respond. Austria, France, Italy, Spain and the United States all lost an empress, king, president or prime mi
43、nister to anarchist assassins. Such murders were so common that King Umber to of Italy, throwing himself aside to escape a stabbing, casually remarked, “These are the risks of the job.“ (He was later shot dead.) Anarchists also killed lots of less exalted innocents. Then, as now, governments respond
44、ed to the clamour for action with measures to criminalise anyone preaching or condoning violence and, if they were foreign, to keep them out of the country. Spain brought in courts-martial for bombers, foreshadowing per haps Americas military commissions for Guantanamo trials. Britain, with a tradit
45、ion of tolerating dissent, became home to many continental radicals, such as those driven out of Germany after the two attempts on Kaiser Wilhelm Is life in 1878. Britain, however, was not afflicted with bombings as other countries were. Spain, where every kind of retribution including the crudest o
46、f tortures was the standard response, suffered many more outrages. Yet few lessons seem to have been learnt. Several of the new measures announced on August 5th by Tony Blair, Britains prime minister, echo almost exactly those passed in France after a bomb had been lobbed into the French parliament
47、in 1893. In both Britain and America, new attacks are said to be inevitable. Yet every new attack is followed by new measures, as though such measures could have averted an inevitability had they been in place before. They could not, both logically and because terror ism cannot be defeated, as count
48、ries can be. That is the second lesson to be drawn from the anarchists. 31 It is implied in the second paragraph that （ A） to end terrorism is to end free speech. （ B） Licence in speech may breed peaceful environment. （ C） the base camp of anarchist violence is located in US. （ D） people from all wa
49、lks of life are the targets of anarchists. 32 It can be inferred from the text that （ A） anarchists and Jihadists have a little in common. （ B） the ideology has been kept up and flourishing. （ C） strict measures had been carried out by Tony Blair. （ D） governments reaction to relevant incidents has changed little over the past century. 33 UK used to be free from bombings due to （ A） its measures to condone criminals. （ B） its sinful plot of assassins. （ C） its expulsion of anar
