1、考研英语模拟试卷 111及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds (1)_ on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallo
2、ws. They are (2)_ together because, very soon, they will be flying. (3)_ to much warmer lands, where they will find (4)_ the small flying insects on which they (5)_. There are no such insects (6)_ in Britain during the winter; it is (7)_ cold for them. The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and (8)_ a
3、gain. This they do many times, for they are making short (9)_ flights in order to be fit for the long journey (10)_ them. (11)_ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly (12)_ for hundreds of miles (13)_ they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for m
4、any of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with (14)_. In the spring of the following year they“ (15)_ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the (16)_ district which they had left the (17)_ autumn. How do these birds find their (18)_ there
5、and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly (19)_, but it has something to do (20)_ winds and air currents. （ A） being perched （ B） perched （ C） being perching （ D） be perched （ A） gathering （ B） assembling （ C） waiting （ D） forming （ A） to south （ B） the south （ C） to southwards （ D） so
6、uth （ A） great number of （ B） a great deal of （ C） plenty of （ D） numerous （ A） feed （ B） are fed （ C） eat （ D） rely （ A） near （ B） about （ C） nearby （ D） over （ A） too （ B） a bit （ C） very （ D） much （ A） fly off （ B） swoop （ C） settle （ D） turn back （ A） practical （ B） practising （ C） practice （ D）
7、 practised （ A） in advance （ B） ahead of （ C） in front of （ D） in front （ A） Swarms （ B） Herds （ C） Flocks （ D） Schools （ A） firmly （ B） stoutly （ C） harshly （ D） steadily （ A） until （ B） before （ C） when （ D） as （ A） in the way （ B） on the way （ C） half the way （ D） all the way （ A） have （ B） fly （
8、 C） find （ D） make （ A） old （ B） original （ C） familiar （ D） identical （ A） before （ B） previous （ C） above going （ D） former （ A） way （ B） path （ C） course （ D） route （ A） why （ B） when （ C） how （ D） what （ A） against （ B） away （ C） for （ D） with Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. An
9、swer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 You might be forgiven for thinking that sleep researchers are a dozy bunch. Most of the other things people do regularly eat, excrete, copulate and so on are biologically fairly straightforward: there is little mystery about
10、 how or why they are done. Sleep, on the other hand, which takes up more of most peoples time than all of the above, and which attracts plenty of study, is still fundamentally a mystery. The one view shared by all is that sleep matters. For evidence, look no further than the experiments led by Allan
11、 Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago in the 1980s. They kept experimental rats awake around the clock in an environment where control rats were allowed as much sleep as they wanted. The sleep-deprived rats all died within a month. Carol Everson worked with the Chicago te
12、am as a graduate student and now has a job at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. While repeating the Chicago experiments she was struck by the fact that, although the sleep-deprived rats showed no obvious symptoms of particular diseases and no such signs were picked up in post-
13、mortems their emaciation and generally sorry state was reminiscent of that which befalls many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients, whose immune systems have packed up. While Dr. Everson does not claim to have hard and fast proof that sleep is needed for resistance to infection, her work does
14、point that way as does the re search of others around the world. Another approach is to look for chemicals that cause sleep; from these, you should be able to start telling a biological story which will eventually reveal the function of sleep. Peter Shiromani of Harvard Medical School has found a pr
15、otein that builds up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived cats, but disappears within an hour if the animals are allowed 45 minutes of recovery sleep. Researchers at the University of Veron have found something similar. But no one chemical tells the whole story. So new ways of inducing sleep
16、 may soon be available; an understanding of its purpose, though, remains elusive. In this, sleep is like the other great biological commonplace that is still mysterious: consciousness, which is also easily altered chemically but not too well under stood. No one knows how Consciousness arises, or wha
17、t, if anything, it is for(though there are a lot of theories). Almost the only thing that can be said about it for certain is that you lose it when you fall asleep. Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking might require new insights into the consciousness that is lost and regained in the process.
18、Putting it this way makes the problem sound rather grander, and the lack of progress so far look a bit less dozy. 21 Why does the writer say “You might be forgiven for thinking that.“? （ A） Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking requires new insights. （ B） Most of the other things people do regu
19、larly are biologically straightforward. （ C） The problem sounds rather grand. （ D） We still lack for progress though weve spent much more time studying it. 22 The experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago _. （ A） couldnt prove that sleep matters （ B） a
20、llowed the control rats as much sleep as possible （ C） showed that sleep is still fundamentally mystery （ D） kept the experimental rats up all day and all night 23 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Dr. Everson announced the conclusion of the experiments tha
21、t sleep is needed for resistance to infection. （ B） Carol Everson repeated the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago. （ C） Carol has been a graduate student at the University of Chicago. （ D） Carols later experiment found some similarities between
22、sleep-deprived rates and many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients. 24 The protein found by Peter Shiromani _. （ A） eventually revealed the function o? sleep （ B） built up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived rats （ C） was similar to that found by researchers at the University of Veron
23、 （ D） lasted for only 45 minutes 25 The writer seems to think that _. （ A） new ways of inducing sleep is still beyond mans knowledge （ B） consciousness is a crucial part in sleep research （ C） the understanding of the purpose of sleep is still hard to achieve （ D） weve got new insights into the cons
24、ciousness 26 Einsteins connection with the politics of the nuclear bomb is well known: he signed the famous letter to President Franklin Roosevelt that persuaded the United States to take the idea seriously, and he engaged in postwar efforts to prevent nuclear war. But these were not just the isolat
25、ed actions of a scientist dragged into the world of politics. Einsteins life was, in fact, to use his own words, “divided between politics and equations.“ Einsteins earliest political activity came during the First World War, when he was a professor in Berlin. Sickened by what he saw as the waste of
26、 human lives, he became involved in anti-war demonstrations. His advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people? to refuse conscription did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then following the war, he directed his efforts toward reconciliation and improving international rel
27、ations. This, too, did not make him popular, and soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States, even to give lectures. Einsteins second great cause was Zionism. Although he was Jewish by descent, Einstein rejected the biblical idea of God. However, a growing awareness
28、 of anti-Semitism, both before and during the First World War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism. Once more unpopularity did not stop him from speaking his mind. His theories came under attack; an anti-Einstein organization
29、 was even set up. One man was convicted of inciting others to murder Einstein (and fined a mere six dollars). But Einstein was phlegmatic: when a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, “If I were wrong, then one would have been enough!“ In 1933, Hitler came to power.
30、Einstein was in America, and declared he would not return to Germany. Then, while Nazi militia raided his house and confiscated his bank account, a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline “Good News from Einstein Hes Not Coming Back.“ In the face of the Nazi threat, Einstein renounced pacifism, and
31、eventually, fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, proposed that the United States should develop its own. But even before the first atomic bomb had been detonated, he was publicly warning of the dangers of nuclear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry. Thro
32、ughout his life, Einsteins efforts toward peace probably achieved little that would last and certainly won him few friends. His vocal support of the Zionist cause, however, was duly recognized in 1952, when he was offered the presidency of Israel. He declined, saying he thought he was too naive in p
33、olitics. But perhaps his real reason was different: to quote him again, “Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity.“ 26 What does the writer mean by saying “But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist“? （ A） Ein
34、stein was not isolated in his postwar effort to prevent nuclear war. （ B） Einstein was isolated from other scientists in his political advocacy. （ C） Einstein was more than once connected with the political world. （ D） It was the only action that dragged Einstein into the world of politics. 27 Which
35、 of the following is not listed as one of Einsteins activities? （ A） He became involved in anti-war demonstration in Berlin. （ B） He encouraged people to refuse conscription. （ C） He rejected the biblical idea of God. （ D） He became an outspoken supporter of Zionism. 28 _ led Einstein gradually to i
36、dentify with the Jewish community. （ A） His Jewish descent （ B） His unpopularity among his colleagues （ C） His growing awareness of anti-semitism （ D） His rejection of the biblical idea of God 29 The writer wants to tell us that _. （ A） Einstein is one of the great scientists in the world （ B） Einst
37、ein was too naive in politics （ C） Einstein was also a great politician （ D） Einstein was also involved in politics in his lifetime as a great scientist 30 Whats the main reason Einstein declined the presidency of Israel? （ A） Because science seemed more important to him than politics. （ B） Because
38、he was already an American citizen. （ C） Because he rejected the biblical idea of God. （ D） Because he could not forget his sad memory of living in German. 31 Painting your house is like adding something to a huge communal picture in which the rest of the painting is done either by nature or by othe
39、r people. The picture is not static; it changes as we move about, with the time of day, with the seasons, with new painting, new buildings and with alterations to old ones. Any individual house is just a fragment of this picture, nevertheless it has the power to make or mark the overall scene. In th
40、e past people used their creative talents in painting their homes with great imagination and in varied but always subtly blending colors. The last vestiges of this great tradition can still be seen in the towns of the extreme west of Ireland. It has never been recognized as an art form, partly, beca
41、use of the physical difficulty of hanging a street in a gallery and partly because its always changing, as paint fades and is renewed. Also it is a communal art which cannot be identified with any one person, except in those many cases where great artists of the past found inspiration in ordinary st
42、reet scenes and recorded them in paint. Following the principles of decoration that were so successful in the past, you should first take a long look at the house and its surroundings and consider possible limitations. The first concerns the amount of color and intensity in the daylight in Britain.
43、Colors that look perfectly in keeping with the sunny, clear skies of the Mediterranean would look too harsh in the grayer light of the north. Since bright light is uncomfortable for the eyes, colors must be strong in order to be seen clearly. Viewed in a dimmer light they appear too bright. It is ea
44、sy to see this if you look at a brick house while the sun is alternately shining and then going behind a cloud. The brickwork colors look much more intense when the sun is hidden. The second limitation is the colors of the surroundings: the colors which go best with Cotswold stone and a rolling gree
45、n countryside will be different from those that look best by the sea or in a red-brick/blue-slate industrial town. In every area there are always colors that at once look in keeping. In many areas there are distinctive traditions in the use of color that may be a useful guide. The eastern counties o
46、f England and Scot land, particularly those with a local tradition of rendering or plastering, use colors applied solidly over the wall. Usually only the window frames and doors are picked out in another color, often white or pale gray. Typical wall colors are the pink associated with Suffolk and pa
47、le buffs and yellows of Fife. Much stronger colors such as deep earth red, orange, blue and green are also common. In the coastal villages of Essex, as well as inland in Hertfordshire, the house-fronts of overlapping boards are traditionally painted black originally tarred like ships with windows an
48、d doors outlined in white. In stone areas of Yorkshire and farther north, color is rarer: the houses are usually left in their natural color, though many are painted white as they probably all were once. 31 According to the passage when putting paint on the outside of your house, you should be caref
49、ul _. （ A） not to let other people interfere （ B） to use paint that will withstand both winter and summer conditions （ C） to take into account the general appearance of the area （ D） to allow for slight fading of the colors 32 The reason the painting of the house has not been looked on as an art form seems to be _. （ A） the publics inability to appreciate the range of colors involved （ B） the failure of art galleries to convince the critics （ C）
