1、考研英语模拟试卷 113及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 There (1)_ not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To read efficiently, you have to (2)_ your re
2、ading speed and technique (3)_ your aim (4)_ reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and efficient reading. When skimming, you (5)_ the reading (6)_ quickly in order to get the (7)_ of it, to know how it is organized, (8)_ an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is
3、(9)_ an activity which (10)_ an overall view of the text and (11)_ a definite reading competence. Skimming doesnt need reading all the material, but it doesnt mean that it is an (12)_ skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and concentration. When you read, you usually start w
4、ith (13)_ understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14)_ is also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15)_ the major ideas and concepts. In order to be able to skim quickly and (16)_ through a text, you should know w
5、here to to6k for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings, and the summary, if one is provided. (17)_ this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appropriate speed (18)_ to read. The same procedure (
6、19)_ for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences. In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20)_ practice is necessary. （ A） is （ B） are （ C） was （ D）
7、were （ A） adapt （ B） adopt （ C） change （ D） adept （ A） on （ B） about （ C） for （ D） to （ A） on （ B） while （ C） as （ D） at （ A） run through （ B） run over （ C） go on （ D） go through （ A） substance （ B） resource （ C） source （ D） material （ A） fist （ B） hist （ C） gist （ D） list （ A） getting （ B） to get （
8、 C） got （ D） have got （ A） however （ B） nevertheless （ C） therefore （ D） thus （ A） requires （ B） requests （ C） requites （ D） requisite （ A） implies （ B） applies （ C） hints （ D） points （ A） awful （ B） unsuitable （ C） ideal （ D） wrong （ A） global （ B） universal （ C） unilateral （ D） partial （ A） readin
9、g （ B） understanding （ C） working （ D） skimming （ A） reverse （ B） review （ C） revise （ D） revert （ A） efficiently （ B） effectively （ C） affectively （ D） effectually （ A） When （ B） As （ C） After （ D） Before （ A） which （ B） that （ C） at which （ D） at that （ A） using （ B） used （ C） use （ D） be used （ A
10、） a number of （ B） an amount of （ C） many （ D） a few Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur largely because of the
11、extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by law-suits, personal and industrial denial and long delays not only in a
12、ccepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when, government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the sing
13、le most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our respons
14、ibility as professionals in environ mental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improv
15、e and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to the tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from ever
16、y perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements m the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Seco
17、nd, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not mere
18、ly hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 21 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （
19、 B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 22 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _. （ A） to prevent pollution
20、 by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 23 The word “tunnel-visioned“ mo
21、st probably means _. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the fact （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 24 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The indust
22、rys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environmental health professional. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 25 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? （ A） Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of
23、 on remedial measure. （ B） More money should be spent in order to stop pollution. （ C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution. （ D） Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade. 26 Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his
24、 castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main
25、 reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labor has meant that builders and decorators costs have reached a level which makes them so high that house-proud English people of modest means hang back. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to deal with som
26、e of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the Do-It-Yourself Movement. The Do-It-Yourself Movement began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few thin
27、gs that cannot be made by the do-it-yourself method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen-foot(4.5 meters) sailing boat. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow th
28、e simple instructions step-by-step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds! Many a do-it-yourselfer has found to his cost that one cannot learn a skilled craftsmans job ov
29、ernight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to complete takes the amateur five or six at least. And then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. Bui tools c
30、ost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more economical than doing it oneself. 26 It can be seen from the passage that the Englishmans
31、. home has become his workshop NOT because _. （ A） the cost of hiring professionals is high （ B） the Englishman is enthusiastic for working with his hands （ C） there are advertisements in do-it-yourself magazines （ D） the Englishman feels that he must do some household jobs 27 In paragraph one, the
32、phrase “hang back“ stands for “_“. （ A） cling to （ B） suspend （ C） frustrate （ D） hesitate 28 As an amateur, youll have to _ first. （ A） follow the instructions in magazines （ B） get the right tools （ C） prepare fully psychologically （ D） ask a skilled craftsmans advice 29 The Do-It-Yourself Movemen
33、t may not have a bright future; all of the following reasons are true except _. （ A） the high cost of labor （ B） the expense of tools （ C） too much time spent on it （ D） the wear and tear on the nerves 30 The passage is mainly about _. （ A） how to be a do-it-yourselfer （ B） the Do-It-Yourself Moveme
34、nt （ C） the future of the Do-It-Yourself Movement （ D） the origin of the Do-It-Yourself Movement 31 After watching my mother deal with our family of five, I cant understand why her answer to the question, “What do you do?“ is always, “Oh, Im just a housewife.“ JUST a housewife? Anyone who spends mos
35、t of her time in meal preparation and clean-up, washing and drying clothes, keeping the house clean, leading a scout troop, playing taxi driver to us kids when its time for school, music lessons or the dentist, doing volunteer work for her favorite charity, and making sure that all our family needs
36、are met is not JUST a housewife, Shes the real Wonder Woman. Why is it that so many mothers like mine think of themselves as second-class or something similar? Where has this notion come from? Have we males made them feel this way? Has our society made “going to work“ outside the home seem more impo
37、rtant than what a house wife must face each day? I would be very curious to see what would happen if a housewife went on strike. Dishes would pile up. Food in the house would run out. No meals would appear on the table. There would be no clean clothes when needed. High boots would be required just t
38、o make it through the house scattered with garbage. Walking and bus riding would increase. Those scout troops would have to break up. Charities would suffer. I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over. Oh, he might start out with the attitude that he can do just as good a job, but ho
39、w long would that last? Not long, once he had to come home each night after work to more household duties. There would be no more coming home to a prepared meal; hed have to fix it himself. The kids would all be screaming for something to eat, clean clothes and more bus fare money. Once he quieted t
40、he kids, hed have to clean the house, go shopping, make sure that kids got a bath, and fix lunches for the next day. Once the kids were down for the night, he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and, try to read the morning newspaper. No, I dont think many males are going to volunteer for the
41、job. I know I dont want it. So, thanks, mom! Ill do what I can to create a national holiday for housewives. It could be appropriately called Wonder Woman Day. 31 By what means do the children of the authors family go to school? （ A） They take school bus. （ B） They take a taxi. （ C） Their mother driv
42、es for them. （ D） Scout troop sends them to school. 32 If a housewife went on strike, which one of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Children would scream for something-to eat. （ B） No meals would appear on the table. （ C） The scout troops would have a wonderful time. （ D） The man of the ho
43、use wouldnt be able to take over. 33 In the authors opinion, _. （ A） many males are going to volunteer for housewives work （ B） housewives deserve a national holiday named Wonder Woman Day （ C） the man of the house would be able to take over the housewives work （ D） housewives are second-class citiz
44、ens or something similar 34 The authors attitude toward housewives work is _. （ A） critical （ B） indifferent （ C） ironical （ D） appreciative 35 The main idea of the passage is about _. （ A） housewives, the wonder women （ B） what would happen if housewives went on strike （ C） the replacement of women
45、 by men as housewives （ D） the setting up of a national holiday for housewives 36 Last summer, some twenty-eight thousand homeless people were afforded shelter by the city of New York. Of this number, twelve thou sand were children and six thousand were parents living together in families. The avera
46、ge child was six years old, the average parent twenty seven. A typical homeless family included a mother with two or three children, but in about one-fifth of these families two parents were present. Roughly ten thousand single persons, then, made up the remainder of the population of the citys shel
47、ter. These proportions vary somewhat from one area of the nation to another. In all areas, however, families are the fastest-growing sector of the homeless population, and in the Northeast they are by far the largest sector already. In Massachusetts, three-fourths of the homeless now are families wi
48、th children; in certain parts of Massachusetts Attleboro and Northampton, for example the proportion reaches 90 percent. Two thirds of the homeless children studied recently in Boston were less than five years old. Of the estimated two to three million homeless people nationwide, about 500,000 are d
49、ependent children, according to Robert Hayes, counsel to the National Coalition for the homeless. Including their parents, at least 750,000 homeless people in America are family members. What is to be made, then, of the supposition that the homeless are primarily the former residents of mental hospitals, persons who were carelessly released during the 1970s? Many of them are, to be sure. Among the older men
