1、考研英语模拟试卷 120及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Air is (1)_, and like all matter, it has weight. Weight is the measure of the (2)_ of gravity (3)_ matter. If a scale registers 10
2、kilograms when a stone is placed on it, this means that gravity pulls the stone with that (4)_ force. (5)_, earths gravity pulls on each (6)_ of gas and dust on the atmosphere. Because our atmosphere is a. vast (7)_ of air, it has (8)_. If it could (9)_ be compressed and put on a (10)_ of scales, it
3、 would weigh about 5,700,000,000,000,000 (quadrillion) metric tons. The air pressed down on us and against us (11)_ all sides. Something (12)_ a ton of air is pressing against you at this moment. You are not (13)_ of this because air pressure within your body (14)_ the pressure of the air outside. A
4、ir pressure is 1.036 kilograms per square centimeter (14.7 pounds per square inch) at sea (15)_. It is greatest there because that is the (16)_ of the atmosphere. (17)_ higher altitudes the pressure is (18)_. That is why the (19)_ of highflying planes are pressurized. They are designed to (20)_ the
5、air pressure our bodies must have. （ A） thing （ B） material （ C） atmosphere （ D） matter （ A） pull （ B） size （ C） gravity （ D） number （ A） at （ B） to （ C） on （ D） by （ A） many （ B） much （ C） heavy （ D） weighted （ A） Usually （ B） Frequently （ C） Naturally （ D） Similarly （ A） kilogram （ B） group （ C） m
6、atter （ D） particle （ A） ocean （ B） plain （ C） container （ D） vessel （ A） some （ B） definite （ C） countless （ D） considerable （ A） surely （ B） somehow （ C） constantly （ D） carefully （ A） set （ B） series （ C） variety （ D） kind （ A） from （ B） in （ C） by （ D） on （ A） as （ B） of （ C） like （ D） about （ A
7、） knowing （ B） sure （ C） feeling （ D） aware （ A） supports （ B） balances （ C） comes from （ D） acts as （ A） altitude （ B） height （ C） level （ D） degree （ A） line （ B） layer （ C） bottom （ D） point （ A） On （ B） At （ C） For （ D） Through （ A） more （ B） none （ C） various （ D） less （ A） seats （ B） cabins （
8、C） bodies （ D） engines （ A） produce （ B） provide （ C） maintain （ D） improve Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Millions of families sat down in their living rooms one evening last August to watch a live Mado
9、nna Concert from France, telecast on the cable network Home Box Office. Because Madonna is such a huge international star and because the telecast was heavily promoted and aired in prime time on a weekend millions of children certainly watched with their parents. What happened on all those screens w
10、as that Madonna repeatedly used the one obscene word that has been routinely barred from the public airwaves. We live in an anything-goes age, so the shows witless and purposely vulgar content was not surprising. The language itself was nothing that has not been heard in movies or on cable-TV comedy
11、 specials. The surprising thing was that so few parents called HBO to object. A spokesperson for the network said the complaints“ were not by any stretch of the imagination overwhelming“ and that the Madonna con cert was the highest-rated original entertainment program in the networks history. Appar
12、ently, Americas parents have totally given up hope that they can control what their children are exposed to on TV. My point isnt, really, about Madonna. Though I dont happen to find her calculated outrage particularly interesting she is free to make her money anyway she chooses. Marginally talented
13、singers have been packaging rebellion for decades, and it always seems to sell, especially to young people. Madonna has done a very good job marketing her product. What is most troubling is that her product appeared in Americas homes during prime time on a Sunday, and people seemed to think it was n
14、o big deal. Television, in a way that now seems quaint, was once considered almost sacred ground when it came to certain material-precisely because children were watching. But the country has been so beaten down by a lessening of public standards that obscenities can be telecast to millions of famil
15、ies without causing even a ripple of protest. What of the argument (that parents should just turn off the TV if they dont like the programming)? Its valid but there was no warning before Madonna launched into her first rapid-fire round of obscenities. Although the telecast was promoted as being live
16、, it actually was taped hours before. The network knew what it was sending out. Yet it did so without deletions or an advisory notice at the beginning of the show. This was “a creative decision,“ HBO says. Those children will hear worse in their lifetimes they probably already have. To telecast a co
17、ncert like Madonnas is no longer considered particularly controversial. But to wonder publicly about the wisdom of it to say that delivering such a performance to the nations children is wrong that is considered controversial. To say it is wrong is to seem out of step with the rest of the world. But
18、 it is wrong. It is dead wrong. 21 According to the passage the cable network Home Box Office _. （ A） is a French company （ B） had telecast the concert without further promoting （ C） is favored not only by children but by parents （ D） telecast the concert in prime time on a weekend 22 Whats the reac
19、tion of people to the program? （ A） Quite a few parents called HBO to object. （ B） They regarded it as the highest rated original entertainment program in the networks history. （ C） They were outraged. （ D） They didnt care much about it. 23 The writer seems to think that _. （ A） Madonna is a respect
20、able international star （ B） Madonna is not popular among adults （ C） public standards on TV has dropped （ D） television is a sacred ground in USA 24 What s the writers view about Madonna? （ A） She is an untalented singer. （ B） She is already out-dated. （ C） She is a symbol of rebellion in the music
21、 world. （ D） She is equally popular among children and adults. 25 The best title for this passage may be _. （ A） It is an anything-goes age （ B） Is Madonna a huge international star? （ C） The children are watching （ D） Programes on the cable network are out-dated 26 Galileo, perhaps more than any ot
22、her single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science. His renowned conflict with the Catholic Church was central to his philosophy, for Galileo was one of the first to argue that man could hope to understand how the world works, and moreover, that we could do this by observing the real
23、 world. Galileo had believed Copernican theory (that the planets orbited the sun) since early on, but it was only when he found the evidence needed to support the idea that he started to publicly support it. He wrote about Copernicuss theory in Italian (not the usual academic Lat in), and soon his v
24、iews became widely supported outside the universities. This annoyed the Aristotelian professors, who united against him seeking to persuade the Catholic Church to ban Copernicanism. Galileo, worried by this, traveled to Rome to speak to the ecclesiastical authorities. He argued that the Bible was no
25、t intended to tell us anything about scientific theories, and that it was usual to assume that, where the Bible conflicted with common sense, it was being allegorical. But the Church was afraid of a scandal that might undermine its fight against Protestantism, and so took repressive measures. It dec
26、lared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“ in 1616, and commanded Galileo never again to “defend“ or “hold“ the doctrine. Galileo acquiesced. In 1623, a longtime friend of Galileos became the Pope. Immediately Galileo tried to get the 1616 decree revoked. He failed, but he did manage to get permissio
27、n to write a book discussing both Aristotelian and Copernican theories, on two conditions: he would not take sides and would come to the conclusion that, man could in any case not determine how the world worked because God could bring about the same effects in ways unimagined by man, who could not p
28、lace restrictions on Gods omnipotence. The book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, was completed and published in 1632, with the full backing of the censors-and was immediately greeted throughout Europe as a literary and philosophical masterpiece. Soon the Pope, realizing that people
29、were seeing the book as a convincing argument in favor of Copernicanism, regretted having allowed its publication. The Pope argued that although the book had the official blessing of the, censors, Galileo had nevertheless contravened the 1616 decree. He brought Galileo before the Inquisition, who se
30、ntenced him to house arrest for life and commanded him to publicly renounce Copernicanism. For a second time, Galileo acquiesced. Galileo remained a faithful Catholic, but his belief in the independence of science had not been crushed. Four years before his death in 1642, while he was still under ho
31、use arrest, the manuscript of his second major book was smuggled to a publisher in Holland. It was this work, referred to as Two New Sciences, even more than his support for Copernicus, that was to be the genesis of modern physics. 26 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） Gali
32、leo is the founder of modern science. （ B） Galileo was the first to argue that man could hope to understand how the world works. （ C） The church declared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“ in 1616. （ D） The censors permitted the publications of the book “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Syst
33、ems“. 27 Galileo started to publicly support Copernicuss theory _. （ A） from early on （ B） after he found the evidence to support the idea （ C） after the church declared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“ （ D） when it was first published 28 The word “acquiesce“ probably mean _. （ A） decline （ B） no
34、t to give a damn （ C） accept silently （ D） resist the idea 29 The book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems _. （ A） was published secrectly （ B） did not get the permission from the pope （ C） supported Copernicanism publicly （ D） was immediately accepted throughout Europe 30 According to
35、the passage what do we know about Galileo? （ A） Galileo stood strongly against Catholic belief. （ B） Galileo died because of the great stress under house arrest. （ C） Galileo had believed Copernican theory since early on. （ D） Galileo founded modern physics himself. 31 Is language, like food, a basi
36、c human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
37、All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Fre
38、derick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to, the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passe
39、s and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where spee
40、ch has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,00
41、0 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the Complex
42、system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in ne
43、w ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child get
44、s discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 31 According to the passage, Frederick carried on the experiments to _. （ A） prove that children are born with the ability to speak （ B） find out
45、what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak （ C） discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human Speech （ D） prove that child would be damaged without learning language 32 Some children are backward in speaking probably because _. （ A） they are incapable, o
46、f learning language rapidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language at once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 33 What is exceptionally remarkable about child is that _. （ A） he is born with the capacity to
47、 speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animal （ C） he owes his speech ability to good nursing （ D） he can produce his own sentences 34 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty of speech is inborn in man. （ B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a
48、child in language learning. （ C） The childs brain is highly selective. （ D） Most children learn their language in definite stages. 35 A child will _ in the future if he starts to speak later than others. （ A） have a high IQ （ B） be less intelligent （ C） be insensitive to verbal signals （ D） not nece
49、ssarily be backward 36 On the morning of April 15, 38,500 worshippers from all over the world will descend upon the tiny town of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. In a bizarre rite they will shed most of their clothes, spread petroleum jelly over the more sensitive parts of their bodies and affix little time-keepers to their shoelaces. Then, as the appointed hour of noon approaches, they will either stand in line at one of the 750
