1、考研英语模拟试卷 123及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Year after year a dedicated Swedish chemist worked to find a substance which, when (1)_ nitroglycerine(硝化甘油 ), would make explosive
2、s safer to handle (2)_ weakening their force. He had a personal (3)_ scientific reason to pursue his search, because his (4)_ brother had been killed when a can of nitroglycerine (5)_ exploded. The oily liquid had been (6)_ for so many disasters that its (7)_ had finally been outlawed by many countr
3、ies. While (8)_ a new formula one morning, the doctor broke a test tube and gashed(划开 ) his finger. He was daubing(涂搽 ) the (9)_ with collodion(火棉胶 ), a coating solution of gun-cotton dissolved in ether-alcohol(乙醚 ), (10)_ the idea struck him-mix collodion with the nitroglycerine! (11)_ was the answ
4、er. The new mixture, (12)_ blasting gelatine(爆胶 ), was not only (13)_ safe to handle as dynamite, but it was also one-and-a-half times more powerful! In fact, so powerful (14)_ that it paved the way for a whole new (15)_ in construction and engineering. Mines were (16)_, roads were built, and canals
5、 were cut at a speed once (17)_ impossible. It had another use, also-death and destruction in warfare. Its inventor had believed that the power of his new (18)_ would so awe the military mind that it would actually be a deterrent to war. (19)_ it became a weapon that brought death to millions of sol
6、diers and (20)_. （ A） mixing with （ B） mixed with （ C） was mixing with （ D） was mixed with （ A） not （ B） with （ C） without （ D） but （ A） also （ B） and （ C） as well （ D） as well as （ A） own （ B） another （ C） other （ D） else （ A） in chance （ B） accidentally （ C） by incident （ D） unbelievably （ A） due
7、（ B） blamed （ C） caused （ D） responsible （ A） building （ B） structure （ C） mixing （ D） manufacture （ A） experimenting with （ B） experimenting on （ C） experimented with （ D） experimented on （ A） split （ B） scar （ C） wound （ D） damage （ A） when （ B） as （ C） then （ D） while （ A） It （ B） There （ C） This
8、 （ D） Which （ A） called （ B） known （ C） by name （ D） named （ A） so （ B） the same （ C） as （ D） very （ A） was the new explosive （ B） the new explosive was （ C） was new explosive （ D） new explosive was （ A） time （ B） era （ C） aspect （ D） period （ A） exploded （ B） opened up （ C） dug out （ D） explored （
9、A） believing （ B） regarding （ C） regarded （ D） believed （ A） weapon （ B） mixture （ C） explosive （ D） discovery （ A） Rather （ B） Differently （ C） Despite （ D） Instead （ A） officials （ B） civilians （ C） citizens （ D） generals Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
10、 each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 India has about a billion people and a dozen major languages of its own. One language, and only one, is understood-by the elite-across the country: that of the foreigners who ruled India for less than 200 years and left 52 years ago. Today, India.
11、Tomorrow, unofficially, the world. That is well under way; at first, because the British not only built global empire but also it was settled by America, and now because the world (and notably America) has acquired its first truly global and interactive medium, the Internet. It is estimated that som
12、e 350 million people speak English as their first language. Maybe 250-350 million do or can use it as a second language; in excolonial countries, notably, or in English majority ones, like 30 million recently immigrants to the United States, or Canadas 6 million francophone Quebeckers. And elsewhere
13、? The guess is 100 million 1 billion depending how you define “can“. Let us be hold: in all, 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use English; not the English of England, let alone of Dr. Johnson, but English. That number is soaring as each year brings new pupils to school and carries of monolingua
14、l oldies and now as the Internet spreads. And the process is self-reinforcing. As business spreads across frontiers, the company that wants to move its executives around, and to promote the best of them, regardless of nationality, encourages the uses of English. So the executive who wants to be in t
15、he frame, or to move to another employer, learns to use it. English has long dominated learned journals: German, Russian or French (depending on the field) may be useful to their expert readers, but English is essential. So, if you want your own work published and widely read by your peers then Engl
16、ish is the language of choice. The growth of the cinema, and still more so of television, has spread the dominant language. Foreign movies or sitcoms may be dubbed into major languages, but for smaller audiences they are usually subtitled. Result: a Dutch or Danish or even Arab family has an audio-v
17、isual learning aid in its living-room, and usually the language spoken on-screen is English. The birth of the computer and its American operating systems gave English a nudge ahead: that of the Internet has given it a huge push. Any web-linked household today has a library of information available a
18、t the click of a mouse. And, unlike the books on its own shelves or in the public library, maybe four-fifths is written in English. That proportion may lessen, as more non-English sites spring up. But English will surely dominate. 21 The author cites the example of India to show _. （ A） the backward
19、ness of its own language （ B） the importance of learning English （ C） the widespread of English language （ D） the great influence of the British empire 22 From the passage, we can know that _. （ A） 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use American English （ B） 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can
20、use Dr. Johnsons English （ C） 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use standard English （ D） 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use English though not idiomatic 23 Which of the following is NOT mentioned when the author explains the reasons of the rapid growing number of English speaker? （ A） Ne
21、w pupils are required to learn English at school. （ B） Monolingual old people are encouraged to speak English. （ C） Employees have to learn English if they want to get a chance of promotion. （ D） Scholars use English as the language of their academic works more often than other languages. 24 Foreign
22、 movies wont be dubbed into major language when _. （ A） there are not many audiences （ B） all the audiences know that foreign language （ C） the audiences dont like it very much （ D） the language spoken on-screen is English 25 The word “nudge“ in the first sentence of paragraph six means _. （ A） prog
23、ress （ B） encouragement （ C） push （ D） growth 26 Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previousl
24、y unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscope have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny
25、 de tails; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s, electr
26、on microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sou
27、rces of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions, of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only avail able sources of soft X-rays. The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They c
28、an also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and
29、in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to, image in
30、tact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and
31、-electron-based instruments. 26 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The detail seen through a microscope. （ B） Sources of illumination for microscopes. （ C） A new kind of microscope. （ D） Outdated microscopic techniques. 27 According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microsco
32、pe allowed scientists to _. （ A） see viruses directly （ B） develop the electron microscope later on （ C） understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements （ D） discover single-celled plants anal animals they had never seen before 28 Why does the author mention the visible-light microsc
33、ope in the first paragraph? （ A） To begin a discussion, of sixteenth-century discoveries. （ B） To put the X-ray microscope in a historical perspective. （ C） To show how limited its uses are. （ D） To explain how it functioned. 29 Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope? （ A） Funds for
34、 research were insufficient. （ B） The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently. （ C） Materials used to manufacture X-ray tubes were difficult to obtain. （ D） X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate. 30 Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X
35、-ray microscopes in the future? （ A） They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether. （ B） They will eventually he much cheaper to produce than they are now. （ C） They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes. （ D） They will eventually change the illumination
36、 range that they now use. 31 For millions of years we have known a world whose resource seemed illimitable however fast, we cut down trees, nature unaided would replace them. However many fish we took from the sea, nature would restock it. However much sewage we dumped into the river, nature would p
37、urify it, just as she would purify the air, however much smoke and fumes we put into it. Today we have reached the stage of realizing that rivers can be polluted past praying for, that seas can be overfished and the forests must be managed and fostered if they are not to vanish. But we still retain
38、our primitive optimism about air and water. There will always be enough rain falling from the skies to meet our needs. The air can absorb all the filth we care to put in it. Still less do we worry whether we could ever run short of oxygen. Surely there is air enough to breathe. Who ever asks where o
39、xygen comes from, to begin with? They should for we now consume about 10 percent of all the atmospheric oxygen every year, thanks to the many forms of combustion which destroy it; every car, aircraft and power station destroys oxygen in quantities far greater than men consume by breathing. The fact
40、is we are just beginning to press up against the limits of the earths capacity. We begin to have to watch what we are doing to things like water and oxygen, just as we have to watch whether we are overfishing or overfelling. The realization has dawned that the earth is a spaceship with strictly limi
41、ted resources. These resources must, in the long run, be recycled, either by nature or by man. Just as the astronauts urine is purified to provide drinking water and just as his expired air is regenerated to be breathed anew, so all the earths resources must be recycled, sooner or later. Up to now,
42、the slow pace of natures own recycling has served, coupled with the fact that the “working capital“ of already recycled material was large. But the margins are getting smaller and if men, in even larger numbers, are going to require even larger quantities, the pace of recycling will have to be artif
43、icially quickened. All we have is a narrow band of usable atmosphere, no more than seven miles high, a thin crust of land, only one eighth of the surface of which is really suitable for people to live on, and a limited supply of drinkable water, which we continually reuse. And in the earth, we have
44、a capital of fossil fuels and ores, which, we steadily run down billions of times faster than nature, restores it. These resources are tied together in a complex set of transactions. The air helps purify the water, the water irrigates the plants, the plants help to renew the air. We heedlessly inter
45、vene in these transactions. For instance, we cut down the forests, which transpire water and oxygen, we build dams and pipeline which limit the movement of animals, we pave the earth and build reservoirs, altering the water cycle. So far, nature has brushed off these injuries as pinprick. But now we
46、 are becoming so strong, so clever and so numerous, that they are beginning to hurt. 31 Today there has been a change of attitude towards nature. This is shown in _. （ A） the pollution of rivers （ B） the overfishing of seas （ C） the increase in air pollution e （ D） the fostering of forests 32 The an
47、alogy drawn between the earth and a spaceship is to illustrate the idea of _ on earth. （ A） unlimited resources （ B） limited resources （ C） recycling （ D） regeneration 33 The pace of recycling will have to be artificially quickened because _. （ A） natures own pace is slowing down rapidly （ B） the “w
48、orking capital“ of recycled material has all been used up （ C） the earths resources cannot be replaced by man （ D） the earths growing population requires more and more resources 34 What does the sentence “The air helps purify the water“ illustrate? （ A） The ecological balance. （ B） The water cycle.
49、（ C） The earths limited resources. （ D） The life cycle. 35 Which of the following best conveys the idea that man has been careless and unconcerned in his relationship with nature? （ A） He has exploited the earths resources. （ B） He has shown little understanding of natures ways. （ C） He has abused the earths resources. （ D） He has not appreciated natures beauty and benefits sufficiently. 36 One of the most authoritative speaking to
