1、考研英语模拟试卷 147及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In the United States, the first day-nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (1)_ half of
2、 the 19th century; most of (2)_ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day nursery movement received great (3)_ during the First World War, when (4)_ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (5)
3、_ in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. (6)_ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (7)_, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (8)_, Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise
4、a measure of control (9)_ the day-nurseries, chiefly by (10)_ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries. The (11)_ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all countries, ms women were (12)_ called upon to re
5、place men in the factories. On this (13)_ the U.S. government immediately supported the nursery schools, (14)_ $6,000,000 in July, 1942 for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15)_ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945,
6、more than 100,000 children were being cared (16)_ in daycare centers receiving Federal (17)_. Soon afterward, the Federal government (18)_ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (19)_ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation tha
7、t most employed mothers would leave their (20)_ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled. （ A） latter （ B） late （ C） other （ D） first （ A） those （ B） them （ C） whose （ D） whom （ A） impetus （ B） input （ C） imitation （ D） initiative （ A） sources （ B） abundance （ C） shortage （ D） reduction （ A）
8、hardly （ B） entirely （ C） only （ D） even （ A） Because （ B） As （ C） Since （ D） Although （ A） unanimously （ B） sharply （ C） predominantly （ D） militantly （ A） therefore （ B） consequently （ C） however （ D） moreover （ A） over （ B） in （ C） at （ D） about （ A） formulating （ B） labeling （ C） patenting （ D）
9、licensing （ A） outset （ B） outbreak （ C） breakthrough （ D） breakdown （ A） again （ B） thus （ C） repeatedly （ D） yet （ A） circumstance （ B） occasion （ C） case （ D） situation （ A） regulating （ B） summoning （ C） allocating （ D） transferring （ A） expanded （ B） facilitated （ C） supplemented （ D） compensat
10、ed （ A） by （ B） after （ C） of （ D） for （ A） pensions （ B） subsidies （ C） revenues （ D） budgets （ A） prevalently （ B） furiously （ C） statistically （ D） drastically （ A） abolished （ B） diminished （ C） jeopardized （ D） precluded （ A） nurseries （ B） homes （ C） jobs （ D） children Part A Directions: Read
11、the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They care fully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own business for
12、years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉 ) restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburg
13、ers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibl
14、y popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The serf-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman w
15、ho met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers fast food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营 )other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The eq
16、uipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. Today McDonalds is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonalds had over $1 billi
17、on in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modem American business history. 21 This passage mainly talks about _. （ A） the development of fast food services （ B） how McDonalds became a billion-dollar business （ C） the business careers of Mac and Di
18、ck McDonald （ D） Ray Krocs business talent 22 Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except _. （ A） a drive-in （ B） a cinema （ C） a theater （ D） a barbecue restaurant 23 We may infer from this passage that _. （ A） Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their ideas to
19、Kroc （ B） the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in （ C） forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants （ D） Ray Kroc was a good businessman 24 The passage suggests that_. （ A） creativity is an important element of business success （ B）
20、 Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers （ C） Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc （ D） California is the best place to go into business 25 As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the word “unique“ means _. （ A） special （ B） attra
21、ctive （ C） financial （ D） peculiar Text 2 26 Youre busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that
22、your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous
23、schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel offi
24、cers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then, if it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors“; another refers to them as “special cases“ one well-known West Coast school, in perhap
25、s the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.“ To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“ or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means being dismi
26、ssed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with“ a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century thats when they began keeping re
27、cords, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars fo
28、r a diploma from “Smoot State University.“ The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.“ As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 26 The main idea of this passage is
29、 that _. （ A） employers are checking more closely on applicants now （ B） lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem （ C） college degrees can now be purchased easily （ D） employers are no longer interested in college degrees 27 According to the passage, “special cases“ refers to case
30、s where _. （ A） students attend a school only part-time （ B） students never attended a school they listed on their application （ C） students purchase false degrees from commercial firms （ D） students attended a famous school 28 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） performance is a better judge
31、of ability than a college degree （ B） experience is the best teacher （ C） past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do （ D） a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition 29 This passage implies that _. （ A） buying a false
32、 degree is not moral （ B） personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools （ C） most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school （ D） society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 30 As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph, the wo
33、rd “utter“ means _. （ A） address （ B） ultimate （ C） thorough （ D） decisive 31 Everyone has heard of the San Andreas Fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth-quakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri? Between December of
34、1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of su
35、lfur to filter upward. The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably
36、 simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth-quakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now k
37、now that Americas two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches forward. The New Madrid fault, on t
38、he other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards,
39、 and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois. Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say
40、there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur. 31 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） the New Madrid fault in Missouri （
41、 B） the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults （ C） the causes of faults （ D） current scientific knowledge about faults 32 The New Madrid fault is_. （ A） a horizontal fault （ B） a vertical fault （ C） a more serious fault than the San Andreas fault （ D） responsible for forming the Mississippi River 33
42、 We may conclude from the passage that _. （ A） it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California （ B） the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in Missouri （ C） California will become an island in future （ D） a big earthquake will occur to California soon 34 This p
43、assage implies that _. （ A） horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults （ B） vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults （ C） earthquakes may occur around fault areas （ D） California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake 35 As used in the fifth sentence of the
44、fourth paragraph, the word “essentially“ means _. （ A） greatly （ B） extremely （ C） basically （ D） necessarily 36 Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would b
45、e just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always fi
46、nd medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(黏膜炎 ) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Furthe
47、r, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great
48、 damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual rolling-stock
49、 was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gai
