1、考研英语模拟试卷 150及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1)_ not just of flesh and blood but a
2、lso of time. They were able to (2)_ that we all have an internal “body clock“ which (3)_ the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5)_. These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5)_ in our everyday life. The (6)_ of an internal “body clock“ shou
3、ld not be too surprising, (7)_ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_ of this cycle is the (9)_ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_ during the day. (11)_ the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people expe
4、rience unpleasant side effects. (12)_, international aeroplane travelers often experience “jet lag“ when traveling across time (13)_. People who are not used to (14)_ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance. (15)_ the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rh
5、ythms which (16)_.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accide
6、nt-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isnt it also strange (19)_ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about “dry spells“. （ A） built （ B） shaped （ C） molded （ D） grown （ A） demonstrate （ B） illustrate
7、 （ C） present （ D） propose （ A） designates （ B） fluctuates （ C） calculates （ D） regulates （ A） second （ B） latter （ C） other （ D） next （ A） ups and “down“ （ B） goods and “bads“ （ C） pros and “cons“ （ D） highs and “lows“ （ A） name （ B） idea （ C） expression （ D） image （ A） unless （ B） when （ C） since
8、（ D） although （ A） nature （ B） character （ C） feature （ D） fact （ A） mode （ B） way （ C） form （ D） fashion （ A） watchful （ B） ready （ C） alert （ D） attentive （ A） As （ B） Because （ C） Though （ D） If （ A） Of course （ B） For example （ C） In consequence （ D） In particular （ A） zones （ B） areas （ C） belt
9、s （ D） sphere （ A） change （ B） shift （ C） transfer （ D） alternative （ A） Instead of （ B） Rather than （ C） As well as （ D） In comparison with （ A） last （ B） move （ C） live （ D） survive （ A） many （ B） several （ C） some （ D） most （ A） all （ B） partly （ C） seldom （ D） often （ A） when （ B） how （ C） that
10、（ D） which （ A） particularly （ B） specifically （ C） apparently （ D） virtually Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or
11、 salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria arent bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best
12、 results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohns disease, a relatively rare but
13、 painful gastrointestinal disorder. So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bac
14、teria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well the result can be diarrhea. For generations, people have restored the balanc
15、e by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you cant always be sure that the bacteria in the produ
16、cts you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that theyre still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and bioc
17、hemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as its called, has been used to treat travelers diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diar
18、rhea in children in the U.S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus. Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researc
19、hers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12
20、prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages. 21 What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is _. （ A） that nasty germs can make you really sic
21、k （ B） that the word bacteria doesnt refer to the germs which make people sick （ C） the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human body （ D） the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women 22 According to this passage, _may result in the imbalance of bac
22、teria in your intestines. （ A） antibiotic treatment for an ear infection （ B） taking pills which contain freeze-dried germs （ C） eating yogurt or buttermilk （ D） eating products made from fermented milk 23 It isnt said in the passage that L-GG can be used to _. （ A） lessen symptoms of Crohns disease
23、 （ B） fight against rotavirus （ C） treat travelers diarrhea （ D） treat intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics 24 The word “intriguing“ in paragraph 3 refers to _. （ A） tractable （ B） dauntless （ C） heroic （ D） appealing 25 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） the definition of bacteria （ B） health
24、germs （ C） probiotics （ D） probiotics versus antibiotics 26 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than
25、read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. T
26、o prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seen is to be rather
27、 a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain
28、 of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, th
29、e child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelph
30、ia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. 26 The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is
31、 _. （ A） repeated without variation （ B） treated with reverence （ C） adapted by the parent （ D） set in the present 27 Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they _. （ A） tempt people to be cruel to children （ B） show the primitive cruelty in children （ C） lend themselves to undesir
32、able experiments with children （ D） increase a tendency to sadism in children 28 Fairy stories are a means by which childrens impulses may be _. （ A） beneficially channeled （ B） given a destructive tendency （ C） held back until maturity （ D） effectively suppressed 29 The advantage claimed for repeat
33、ing fairy stories to young children is that it _. （ A） makes them come to term with their fears （ B） develops their power of memory （ C） convinces them there is nothing to be afraid of （ D） encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs 30 The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant t
34、o suggest that _. （ A） fairy stories are still being made up （ B） there is confusion about different kinds of truth （ C） people try to modernise old fairy stories （ D） there is more concern for childrens fears nowadays 31 When the first white men arrived in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see
35、 well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Roman tested hundreds of blind people and found a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity(感光灵敏度 ) down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips.
36、 In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different colours and read short sections of large print. Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she g
37、rew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine, Shaefer made an intensive study with her and found that, securely blindfolded
38、 with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colours. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint under glass
39、, so texture was giving her no clues. She was able to identify the colour and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rosa read the sm
40、all print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure. 31 The first white men to visit Samoa found people who _. （ A） were not entirely
41、blind （ B） described things by touching them （ C） could see with their hands （ D） could see when they hold out their hands 32 From the first paragraph we can learn that _. （ A） very few people have the sensitivity of the blind （ B） blind people can manage to see things, but not clearly （ C） not ever
42、ybody sees with his eyes （ D） it is possible to narrow the photosensitive areas of the body 33 Why did Shaefer put the paper under glass? （ A） To prevent Rosa from feeling the print. （ B） To stop the reflection of heat. （ C） To make things as difficult as possible. （ D） To stop her from cheating. 34
43、 Which of the following makes the demonstration most persuasive? （ A） To read through glass, blindfolded. （ B） To identify the collor and shape of light on a screen while securely blindfolded. （ C） To carry out the test with someone pressing on her eyeballs. （ D） To work from behind a screen, blindf
44、olded and with a card round her neck. 35 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The men in Samoa were not quite blind. （ B） A girl called Virginia could read newsprint even when she was blindfolded. （ C） Rosas ability to see was confined to her fingers. （ D） The result of the last test on R
45、osa was least doubtable. 36 The U.S. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where government is spending a great deal of money and is working
46、hard to help discover the answer to these two questions: 1. Can we predict earthquakes? 2. Can we control earthquakes? To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault systems in the country, such as the San Andreas Fault in California. A fault is a break be
47、tween two sections of the earths surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately and the co
48、ntrol of earthquakes is even farther away. Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was pat into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of
49、 the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other. When the water“ oiled“ the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the
