1、考研英语模拟试卷 151及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases (1)_ trial of Ros
2、emary West. In a significant (2)_ of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (3)_ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (4)_ and will strictly control the amount of (5)_ that can be given to a case (6)_ a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kau
3、fman, chairman of the House of commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he (7)_ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not (8)_ sufficient control. (9)_ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a (10)_ of media protest when he said the (11)_ of priv
4、acy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges (12)_ to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which (13)_ the European Convention on Human Rights legally (14)_ in Britain, laid down that everybody was (15)_ to privacy and that public figu
5、res could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands (16)_ our British judges,“ he said. Witness payments became an (17)_ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were (18)_ to have received payments for telling their
6、stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised (19)_ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to (20)_ guilty verdicts. （ A） as to （ B） for instance （ C） in particular （ D） such as （ A） tightening （ B） intensifying （ C） focusing （ D） fastening （ A） sketch （ B） rough （ C） preli
7、minary （ D） draft （ A） illogical （ B） illegal （ C） improbable （ D） improper （ A） publicity （ B） penalty （ C） popularity （ D） peculiarity （ A） since （ B） if （ C） before （ D） as （ A） sided （ B） shared （ C） complied （ D） agreed （ A） present （ B） offer （ C） manifest （ D） indicate （ A） Release （ B） Publi
8、cation （ C） Printing （ D） Exposure （ A） storm （ B） rage （ C） flare （ D） flash （ A） translation （ B） interpretation （ C） exhibition （ D） demonstration （ A） better than （ B） other than （ C） rather than （ D） sooner than （ A） changes （ B） makes （ C） sets （ D） turns （ A） binding （ B） convincing （ C） rest
9、raining （ D） sustaining （ A） authorized （ B） credited （ C） entitled （ D） qualified （ A） with （ B） to （ C） from （ D） by （ A） impact （ B） incident （ C） inference （ D） issue （ A） stated （ B） remarked （ C） said （ D） told （ A） what （ B） when （ C） which （ D） that （ A） assure （ B） confide （ C） ensure （ D）
10、guarantee Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Populations tend to grow at an exponential rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double i
11、t every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars. This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden“. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the ear
12、th to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only F
13、ifteen years. World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths. Some countries, such as Columb
14、ia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a popula
15、tion doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries. 21 This passage chiefly discusses _. （ A） the gro
16、wth of world population （ B） one type of the exponential rate （ C） the population problem of more rapidly growing countries （ D） the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth 22 According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden“?
17、（ A） The penny which doubles itself every day for one month. （ B） The time span of at least two million years in human history. （ C） An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author. （ D） The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week. 23 It took _ for the w
18、orld to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion. （ A） 100 years （ B） 145 years （ C） 1975 years （ D） Over two million years 24 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute. （ B） Lower death rates also contribute to world po
19、pulation growth. （ C） The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years. （ D） The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years. 25 When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including _. （ A） hospitals and medicines
20、（ B） schools and students （ C） food and manpower resources （ D） all of the above 26 Women are, on the whole, more verbal than men. They are good at language and verbal reasoning, while men tend to be skilled at tasks demanding visual spatial abilities. In fact, along with aggression, these are the m
21、ost commonly accepted differences between the sexes. Words are tools for communicating with other people, especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and spatial abilities are good for imagining and manipulating objects and for communicating information about them. Are
22、these talents programmed into the brain? In some of the newest and most controversial research in neurophysiology, it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain, males are specialists while women are generalists. But no one knows what, if anything, this means in terms of the abilities of the
23、 two sexes. Engineering is both visual and spatial, and its true that there are relatively few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving a car, tasks that involve visual spatial skills. They also do equally well at programming a computer, which is neithe
24、r visual nor spatial. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity. A woman is more likely to see her car, rifle, or computer as a useful tool, but not in itself fascinating. 26 According to
25、 the passage, women are usually good at _. （ A） body language （ B） logical reasoning （ C） tasks demanding for the use of words （ D） both A and B 27 The word “accepted“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph roughly means _. （ A） believed （ B） assumed （ C） received （ D） reconciled 28 In the auth
26、ors opinion, visual and spatial abilities are good for _. （ A） achieving ones objects （ B） mind and body （ C） programming talents into the brain （ D） imagination and communication 29 All the following tasks involve visual spatial skills EXCEPT _. （ A） imagining and handling objects （ B） providing a
27、computer with a set of instructions （ C） shooting a gun and driving an automobile （ D） planning and making things as an engineer does 30 Why do women seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves? （ A） Because they have no visual spatial skills. （ B） Because they are only good at lang
28、uage and verbal reasoning. （ C） Because they are less likely to see their charming or interesting aspects. （ D） Because they rarely use machines such as cars, titles, computers, etc. 31 Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicle
29、s, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16% 17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen
30、by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross in vestment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agricultural equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to
31、 increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building. Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capital personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unalt
32、ered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance
33、, although consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport(including private cars) and personal services of all ki
34、nds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric, refrigerators, whereas
35、 increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered. 31 the author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was “undesirable“ because _. （ A） people saved less （ B） people were wealthy （ C） people consumed less （ D） expenditures on luxuries increased 32 Expendit
36、ure increased on all the following consumption EXCEPT _. （ A） food （ B） automobiles （ C） education （ D） entertainment 33 It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that _. （ A） people had to spend more on transportation and furniture （ B） people were more health conscious （ C） people
37、were more money conscious （ D） the price of fruit dropped dramatically 34 The word“ registered“ in the last line most probably means _ （ A） marked （ B） approached （ C） listed （ D） booked 35 From this passage, we learn that the people _. （ A） spend more money than they earned （ B） saved more money th
38、an previously （ C） spent their money wisely （ D） invested and consumed at an accelerated pace 36 Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish
39、one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our ow
40、n, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is
41、bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to und
42、erstand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The in
43、ner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can e
44、ver evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. 36 According to the passage, we can say that anthropology _. （ A） c
45、an deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living world （ B） can reveal an enormous diversity of traditions （ C） can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and nature （ D） can distinguish the human race from other creatures 37 For serious study, an anthropolo
46、gist _. （ A） must not study his own culture （ B） is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society （ C） should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other （ D） is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other 38 In the thi
47、rd paragraph, the author is trying _. （ A） to be critical of custom （ B） to say that anthropology is more important than psychology （ C） to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and belief （ D） to draw our attention to the importance of custom 39 Which of the following does the author most
48、probably agree with? （ A） The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves. （ B） The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change. （ C） The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs. （ D）
49、All of the above. 40 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Human behavior. （ B） Creatures of Society. （ C） The Science of Custom. （ D） The Functions of Cultures. Part B (10 points) 41 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F、 G) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, wh
