1、考研英语模拟试卷 153及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it
2、has its own (1)_ and cure. Culture shock is (2)_ by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one (3)_ in which we orient ourselves to the (4)_ of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we
3、 meet people, when and how to give tips, how to (5)_ purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statement seriously and when not. These cues, (6)_ may be words, gestures, facial (7)_ customs, or norms, are (8)_ by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a (9
4、)_ of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us (10)_ for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, (11)_ of which we do not carry on the (12)_ of conscious awareness. Now when an individual (13)_ a strange culture, all or most of these familiar c
5、ues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or (14)_ of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been (15)_ under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and (16)_. People react to the frustration in much the (17)_ way. First they reject the environment wh
6、ich causes the (18)_. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.“ When foreigners in a strange land get together to (19)_ about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are (20)_ from culture shock. （ A） significance （ B） symptoms （ C） diseases （ D） symbols （ A
7、） expected （ B） predicted （ C） accelerated （ D） anticipated （ A） plans （ B） methods （ C） directions （ D） ways （ A） situation （ B） communication （ C） state （ D） association （ A） do （ B） make （ C） complete （ D） finish （ A） which （ B） that （ C） when （ D） what （ A） expression （ B） feature （ C） muscle （
8、D） characteristic （ A） learned （ B） acquired （ C） acknowledged （ D） received （ A） kind （ B） group （ C） part （ D） type （ A） depend （ B） account （ C） look （ D） consider （ A） much （ B） none （ C） all （ D） most （ A） horizon （ B） degree （ C） level （ D） latitude （ A） exposes （ B） enters （ C） receives （ D）
9、accepts （ A） free （ B） many （ C） lack （ D） full （ A） knocked down （ B） knocked against （ C） knocked from （ D） knocked out （ A） trouble （ B） nuisance （ C） worry （ D） anxiety （ A） finite （ B） strange （ C） same （ D） familiar （ A） difference （ B） disagreement （ C） difficulty （ D） discomfort （ A） complai
10、n （ B） satirize （ C） criticize （ D） despise （ A） suffering （ B） resulting （ C） undertaking （ D） talking Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Optimation Ltd., a polymer packaging and converting specialist, is o
11、ne small company that is suffering. Its highly specialised engineering work is in great demand but a lack of qualified staff has hindered growth. “We have a number of potential clients awaiting a visit to discuss new projects, but we are tied up on existing orders because we are short of the necessa
12、ry skills on the shop floor,“ Helen Mitchell, the companys founder, says. And according to Alice Teague, the education and training officer at the Federation of Small Businesses, Ms. Mitchells experience is not unique. Many small businesses suffer skill shortages particularly those at the technical
13、craft level such as engineering and construction companies. “Small companies tend to be more vulnerable to skill shortages because they are unable to offer the same pay or benefits as larger companies so they struggle in the recruitment market.“ This is borne out by the experiences of Optimation. “L
14、ast year, we lost one of our best engineers to a rival company who offered him a better package. Being able to afford the salaries such skills demand is difficult for us,“ Ms. Mitchell says. The government-funded Learning and Skills Council (LSC) says that apprenticeships offer a solution to the ski
15、ll shortage problem. “By addressing skills gaps directly apprenticeships can make businesses, small or large, more productive and competitive,“ Stephen Gardner, the LSCs director of worked based learning, says. “Apprenticeships allow businesses to develop the specialist skills they need for the late
16、st technology and working practices in their sector.“ There are 160 different apprenticeships available across 80 different industry sectors. They are open to businesses of all sizes and offer work-based training programmes for 16 to 24-year-olds. The training is run in conjunction with the Sector S
17、kills Council to ensure industry specific skills are taught. Businesses are responsible for the wages of apprentices but the LSC contributes between 1,500 and 10,000 towards the cost of the training, depending on the industry sector. Slack Parr Ltd., a manufacturer of precision equipment for the aer
18、ospace industry, is one small company that has benefited from the scheme. More than 50 percent of the Kegworth-based companys employees started as apprentices. “We opened an on-site training centre to ensure apprentices benefited from the highest quality of training,“ Richard Hallsworth, the managin
19、g director, says. “Sixteen of our former apprentices are now in management positions. The scheme works for us because it helps keep costly external recruitment to a minimum.“ But Ms. Teague of the FSB warns that apprenticeships might not suit all small businesses. The apprenticeship scheme offers va
20、luable vocational training but often small companies dont have sufficient time or resources to devote to the apprentice. In the past there has also been a problem of poor quality candidates and low completion rates. “But some of these problems are being addressed. I know the Learning and Skills Coun
21、cil is looking at how small businesses might be able to share apprentices and so lessen the risk. Completion rates also seem to be improving so the scheme is certainly worth investigating.“ 21 We can learn from the text that （ A） there are enough highly specialised engineers in small companies. （ B）
22、 the most serious situation small companies confront now is the lack of new projects. （ C） not a small company is short of skillful staff. （ D） larger companies also face the same problem of skill shortages as smaller ones. 22 The experiences of Optimation indicate that （ A） only the engineering and
23、 construction companies may have the problem of skill deficiency. （ B） some larger companies always take unjust measures to compete with smaller ones. （ C） without skillful engineers, small companies still have the ability to enlarge their scales. （ D） small companies are in extreme need of technica
24、l personnel with excellent skills. 23 Apprenticeships can bring many benefits to small companies EXCEPT （ A） making any kind of companies to be more competitive. （ B） saving the wages paid to those employees as apprentices. （ C） enabling the specialists in companies to develop their skills. （ D） kee
25、ping the expensive external recruitment to a minimum. 24 From the last three paragraphs, the author implies that （ A） small companies may always have no sufficient time and money to put into the scheme. （ B） all the candidates studying in the scheme can be qualified and skillful finally. （ C） the ap
26、prenticeship scheme is still very valuable despite some small imperfections （ D） all the businesses need to adopt the apprentices to improve their achievements. 25 The text is chiefly concerned with （ A） reminding the small companies to fill the skills gap. （ B） analyzing the present difficult situa
27、tion that small companies are in. （ C） showing the priority of larger companies in the market. （ D） suggesting the reasons that small companies are suffering. 26 The governments chief prosecutor has launched an outspoken attack on plans by David Blunkett, the home secretary, to try terrorists withou
28、t juries and in secret. Ken Macdonald QC, the director of public prosecutions, says in an article in todays Sunday Times that plans for trials without juries of some terror suspects would undermine public faith in the criminal justice system. In his attack on proposals expected in Blunketts forthcom
29、ing draft terrorism bill to limit the right to jury trial for Al-Qaeda and other Islamic terror suspects, Macdonald says: “To be effective against.terrorism, we need to call on legislation that is clear, flexible and proportionate to the threat.“ Nobody wants to throw out the baby with the bath wate
30、r; we do not want to fight terrorism by destroying precisely those things terrorism is trying to take away from us. “Open, liberal democracies fail if they try to protect themselves by becoming illiberal, closed and repressive.“ Macdonal says he favours proposals by ministers to allow telephone-tapp
31、ing evidence from MI5 and police to be used in open court. He also believes that “minor players“ in terrorist plots should be offered some immunity from prosecution in return for information. But he emphasizes: “Changes to the criminal trial process have to be approached with great caution and a cle
32、ar head.“ Macdonald, who as head of the Crown Prosecution Service, has overall responsibility for charging and prosecuting all terrorist suspects in England and Wales, says that some basic rights “cannot be negotiated away in a free and democratic society“. So criminal trials must remain routinely o
33、pen and take place before independent and impartial tribunals. In Britain people have great affection for trial by jury. Public faith in public justice will not survive abandonment of these fundamental principles. Macdonald waited to launch his broadside until after last weeks Queens speech, when th
34、e Home Office said draconian new counter-terrorism measures would be contained in a draft bill, expected to be published in the new year. The bill would allow for anti-terror courts without juries, which are expected to hear evidence in secret before special security-cleared judges. Macdonalds stron
35、g comments amount to the clearest signal yet that Blunkett will face a fierce battle not just in parliament but in Whitehall over the plans. Other senior legal figures including Lord Woolf, the lord chief justice, have previously criticised government plans to limit trial by jury in ordinary crimina
36、l trials. However, Macdonald is the first to come out against the new proposals to limit the right to a jury trial in terrorism cases. 26 By saying that “Nobody wants to throw out the baby with the bath water“(Line 1, Paragraph 3), the author implies that （ A） no terrorists can be caught if the legi
37、slation is unclear. （ B） secret trials would destroy both public faith and terrorists. （ C） nobody wants to offer “minor players“ some immunity. （ D） we should not try terrorists in secret. 27 If the bill for secret terror trials is passed, it may be carried out in （ A） America. （ B） Britain. （ C） C
38、hina. （ D） Japan. 28 We can infer from the text that （ A） terrorists will be sentenced to death if the hill is carried out. （ B） Macdonald opposed to changes in criminal trial process. （ C） there are “minor players“ offered some immunity from prosecution in return for information. （ D） some basic ri
39、ghts should be left to the terrorists. 29 Macdonald began his attack on plans for secret terror trials （ A） when he found the bill illegal. （ B） after Queens speech last week. （ C） right after the bill was published. （ D） after Lord Woolf criticised government plans. 30 The purpose of the author in
40、writing the text is to （ A） back up Macdonald. （ B） introduce the argument about the plan for secret terror trials. （ C） criticise the bill because of the indifference to the terrorists basic rights. （ D） argue for the independence of jury trials. 31 Roger Michell describes his potent new film as “a
41、 thriller about love“. Adapted from Ian McEwans novel, Enduring Love, stars Daniel Craig as Joe, a peevish and splendidly irritating social anthropologist, and Rhys Ifans as the scruffy, puppy-like God bothered who, after an accident with a hot-air balloon, becomes obsessed with him. “As soon as Rhy
42、s character says, Lets sit down and pray,“ chuckles the director, “you know theres bad news ahead. In the book he is a more happy-clappy evangelist, but we toned it down.“ Although clearly drawn to such eccentric characters, Michell himself is thoroughly down-to-earth. “Im one of those boring people
43、 who knew what I wanted to do from an early age,“ he explains. “I started acting as a child but was completely hopeless so started directing little plays in school.“ He went on to direct around 15 plays while reading English at Cambridge, directed his first professional play in a pub in Brighton, an
44、d then assisted both John Osborne and Samuel Beekett at the Royal Court Theatre. By 1985 he was the resident director of the Royal Shakespeare Company but moved to TV in the early 1990s, when he took charge of Hanif Kureishis landmark series The Buddha of Suburbia. Michells television career continu
45、ed to flourish with a gloriously restrained dramatisation of Jane Austens Persuasion and an adaptation of his Royal Court success, My Night With Reg. That led to his big break. “The script for Notting Hill just plopped through my letterbox one morning; My Night With Reg had apparently prompted them
46、to offer me the job.“ Notting Hill alerted Hollywood to Michells ability to get the best out of a cast. “I love actors and spend a lot of time with them working and hanging out, and I do proper rehearsals because I have a theatre background.“ Michells next project, Changing Lanes, produced Ben Affle
47、cks best performance and played big at the American box of flee. With Hollywood at his feet, Michell surprised many people by returning to London to make The Mother, an explicit twist on May-December sexual relations written by his old friend Kureishi, and starring Craig. Why did he do it? “I just c
48、ouldnt see a cigar-chomping studio executive saying, Yes, I want to do a film about an old woman being tupped by a very young man! So I came here to do it. But, apart from that, Im English. I want to live in London with my kids and tell European stories. I feel odd about America at the moment becaus
49、e of what theyre doing around the world and would much prefer to make the films I want to make here.“ Wherever he goes, though, his most famous film will continue to haunt him. “By the director of Notting Hill“, screams the poster for Enduring Love. How does that feel? “I cant be responsible for the posters, but Im sure a lot of the audience will be a bit taken aback,“ reflects Michell. “Theyll be asking: Where are the jokes? Wheres Hugh Grant? I do hope theyre
