1、考研英语模拟试卷 158及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Venture capital has now become a global phenomenon. Here is the (1)_ status of each major region that has venture capital activity.
2、 (2)_, the definition of venture capital, (3)_ coined 50 years ago at Harvard Business School, meant (4)_ capital for new or very young ventures. Over time, (5)_, and especially outside the US and Canada, it has become a coverall name for any type of equity related financing for privately held compa
3、nies. To make matters even more (6)_, some US venture capital firms have begun delving into “transactional“ finance more (7)_ to the investment banking community. This is, however, a limited phenomenon. Indeed, the influx of (8)_ fund money into the venture capital market has been both a curse and a
4、 blessing. Firms found themselves battling to place their newly (9)_ funds with a (10)_ number of specialized hi-tech firms. The result was a series of losses in the early 1990s. Venture capitalists then became immersed in transactional financing as a result of their (11)_ in business acquisitions.
5、Historically, the venture capitalists had sat at the end of the table representing the company being (12)_. At some point, they began to see opportunities in financing such (13)_ and in other investment banking type activities. In the long (14)_, however, venture capitalists will back out of investm
6、ent banking type activities and focus on what they are best at, risking capital investments in (15)_ companies. What is required to place their capital and still realize their (16)_ is a ramp up in staff. In the 1980s, many of the firms were quite small and (17)_ on specific areas of technology wher
7、e they had in (18)_ knowledge. In the 1990s the successful firms have (19)_ management staff, (20)_ into more than one area of technology, and outsourced more of their technological analysis to very specialized experts. （ A） monetary （ B） current （ C） dominant （ D） alien （ A） Historically （ B） Simul
8、taneously （ C） Momentarily （ D） Immediately （ A） but （ B） while （ C） as （ D） although （ A） sponsor （ B） risk （ C） estate （ D） stake （ A） therefore （ B） indeed （ C） hence （ D） however （ A） apparent （ B） confusing （ C） plausible （ D） promising （ A） prone （ B） subject （ C） akin （ D） liable （ A） pension
9、 （ B） hazard （ C） abuse （ D） sector （ A） floated （ B） bubbled （ C） drifted （ D） submerged （ A） unlimited （ B） specific （ C） definite （ D） finite （ A） involvement （ B） speculation （ C） publicity （ D） tolerance （ A） explored （ B） acquired （ C） terminated （ D） commercialized （ A） prospects （ B） stimuli
10、 （ C） dealings （ D） schemes （ A） course （ B） case （ C） view （ D） run （ A） burnout （ B） start up （ C） handover （ D） cut-back （ A） recruits （ B） regards （ C） relics （ D） returns （ A） commented （ B） imposed （ C） acted （ D） centered （ A） vain （ B） depth （ C） brief （ D） essence （ A） enhanced （ B） charact
11、erized （ C） obscured （ D） undertaken （ A） allocated （ B） integrated （ C） diversified （ D） identified Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The European Unions Bareelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was pl
12、ayed out against the usual backdrop of noisy “anti-globalisation“ demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberalization in Europe-the meetings main topic presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion contin
13、ue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens “social Europe“, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state. In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that the outcome in Barcelona was modest. The totemic issue was opening up Europes energy markets. The French government has fought
14、 hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it made a well flagged tactical re treat. The summiteers concluded that from 2004 industrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, whic
15、h should account for “at least“ 60% of the market. Since Europes energy market is worth 350 billion ($309 billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a breakthrough. But even the energy deal has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show
16、 that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French market. In other areas, especially to do with Europes tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers dec
17、lared that “disincentives against taking up jobs“ should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days after a Barcelona jamboree, the European Commission endorsed a new law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six wee
18、ks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure a blatant piece of re-regulation but the social affairs commissioner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was unrepentant, indeed triumphant. A dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directi
19、ve “an absolute disaster“. The summits other achievements are still more fragile. Europes leaders promised to increase spending on “research and development“ from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%. But how will European politicians compel businesses to invest more in research? Nobody se
20、ems to know. And the one big research project agreed on at Barcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 billion of public money, is of dubious commercial value, since the Europeans already enjoy free access to the Americans GPA system. Edward Bannerman, head of
21、economics at the Centre for European Reform, a Blairite think-tank, calls Galileo “the common agricultural policy in space“. 21 According to those who support the liberalization of Europes energy markets, energy supply monopoly is unlikely on the grounds that （ A） business users will choose from sup
22、plier competitors. （ B） energy markets call for cross trade coordination. （ C） competition will hardly be confined to business users. （ D） energy suppliers might cater to economic liberalization. 22 What is the attitude of the minority of commissioners towards the re-regulation of Europes job market
23、? （ A） Arbitrary. （ B） Neutral. （ C） Compromising. （ D） Critical. 23 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? （ A） Demonstrators are not in favor of Europes economic liberalization. （ B） Frances EDF is used to illustrate a result of liberal economies. （ C） The Europes Unions Barcelona su
24、mmit is not as productive as expected. （ D） Europes satellite-positioning system is nowhere near a great success. 24 It can be inferred from the text that Europes quest for more liberal economies may be _. （ A） popular and sensible. （ B） dubious but profitable. （ C） slow and contradictory. （ D） frag
25、ile but promising. 25 We learn from the text that Edward Bannerman is probably _. （ A） an enthusiast in space exploration. （ B） an advocate of Europes unity and liberalization. （ C） a pioneer in research and development. （ D） an opponent of the Galileo satellite-positioning system. 26 If the opinion
26、 polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory i
27、n a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses. Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The
28、 suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Becaus
29、e these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners. In fact, officials adm
30、it that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not ge
31、tting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit. Gale Norton, George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because
32、her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interru
33、pted, resumed. And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor.
34、 Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out. 26 Elouise Cobell criticized the Interior Departments BIA for _. （ A） its leasing land out for exploitati
35、on. （ B） its distribution of money collected. （ C） its supposed misconduct of abuses. （ D） its reaction to a massive action. 27 When mentioning “the government accepts a figure of about 300,000“, the writer is trying to illustrate _. （ A） lies and defraud to which American Indians are exposed. （ B）
36、the strong confidence American Indians have in their government. （ C） doubts about government as shown in the opinion polls. （ D） the arrogance as displayed by government officials as a whole. 28 Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? （ A） Trust funds have been placed in the hands of
37、American Indians. （ B） American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice. （ C） Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed. （ D） BIA reaped great rewards by deliberately destroying trust-fund records. 29 It seems that the writer is very critical of _. （ A） American In
38、dians in a class-action. （ B） officials who are in charge of the suit. （ C） government agencies at all levels. （ D） those who have the land over-developed. 30 From the text, we can see that the writers overall attitude towards the issue seems to be _. （ A） sensitive. （ B） gloomy. （ C） optimistic. （
39、D） scared. 31 After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names, compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any sidestreet where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Fra
40、nklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottlenecks in the country. Other cities in the same f
41、ix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county and smaller city governments, which find i
42、t hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near-invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when. Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for reelection in November, has other plans. To
43、 win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like
44、it or not. Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buckhead; and to create a commuter rail link betwe
45、en Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services. Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc highway for 65 miles across three counties north of
46、 the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270m for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads, opponents think it would worsen over-development traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided. The governor is in favor, however; and since he can appoint and fire
47、 GRTAs members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr. Barnes thinks that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm than the anti-sprawl movement. 31 The authors present
48、ation of Atlantans car-dependence is meant _. （ A） to be ironic. （ B） to poke fun to them. （ C） to be fair. （ D） to make it notorious. 32 Which of the following is not part of the “anti-sprawl movement“ as planned by governor Roy Barnes? （ A） The construction of a commuter rail link. （ B） His succes
49、s in reelection in November. （ C） The initiation of shuttle bus transit. （ D） The allocation of money to widen roads. 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? （ A） The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean Air Act. （ B） The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters. （ C） Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and build more highways. （ D） Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of i
