1、考研英语模拟试卷 173及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In an ideal world, the nations elite schools would enroll the most qualified students. But thats not how it (1)_. Applicants whose
2、parents are alums get special treatment, as (2)_ athletes and rich kids. Underrepresented minorities are also given (3)_. Thirty years of affirmative action have changed the character of (4)_ white universities; now about 13 percent of all undergraduates are black or Latino. (5)_ a recent study by t
3、he Century Foundation found that at the nations 146 most (6)_ schools, 74 percent of students came from upper middle-class and wealthy families, while only about 5 percent came from families with an annual income of (7)_ $35,000 or less. Many schools say diversity racial, economic and geographic is
4、(8)_ to maintaining intellectually (9)_ campuses. But Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation says that even though colleges (10)_ they want poor kids, “they dont try very hard to find them (11)_ rural students, many colleges dont try at all. “Unfortunately, we go where we can (12)_ a sizable n
5、umber of potential applicants,“ says Tulane admissions chief Richard Whiteside, who (13)_ aggressively and in person from metropolitan areas. Kids in rural areas get a glossy (14)_ in the mail. Even when poor rural students have the (15) for top colleges, their high schools often dont know how to ge
6、t them there. Admissions officers (16)_ guidance counselors to direct them to promising prospects. In (17)_ high schools, guidance counselors often have personal (18)_ with both kids and admissions officers. In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or (19)_ an alumnus “can help put a rural student on
7、our radar screen,“ says Wesleyan admissions dean Nancy Meislahn. But poor rural schools rarely have college (20)_ with those connections; without them, admission “can be a crapshoot,“ says Carnegie Mellons Steidel. （ A） promises （ B） tries （ C） works （ D） manages （ A） do （ B） are （ C） will （ D） be （
8、 A） preference （ B） prejudice （ C） preposition （ D） preclusion （ A） strictly （ B） mostly （ C） generally （ D） honestly （ A） And （ B） But （ C） So （ D） Then （ A） excellent （ B） wealthy （ C） popular （ D） competitive （ A） mainly （ B） roughly （ C） totally （ D） exactly （ A） access （ B） basis （ C） key （ D）
9、solution （ A） vital （ B） smart （ C） interactive （ D） functional （ A） claim （ B） affirm （ C） insist （ D） declare （ A） Except for （ B） As for （ C） But for （ D） Just for （ A） require （ B） ensure （ C） locate （ D） generate （ A） admits （ B） accepts （ C） recalls （ D） recruits （ A） bronze （ B） broom （ C） br
10、owser （ D） brochure （ A） guts （ B） grounds （ C） grades （ D） guarantees （ A） call on （ B） rely on （ C） try on （ D） hold on （ A） affluent （ B） affiliated （ C） alternative （ D） advanced （ A） innovations （ B） judgments （ C） relationships （ D） suggestions （ A） else （ B） so （ C） even （ D） if （ A） acquaint
11、ances （ B） executives （ C） tutors （ D） advisers Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so overpo
12、wering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or over sensitivity to the e
13、nvironment, difficulty mixing with others are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the symptoms. The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon University
14、, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from those without the disorder. Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared t
15、he brain activity of young adults who had “high-functioning“ autism (in which an autiats IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic participants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language Brocas area and Wernickes areawhen the participant
16、s were reading. Three differences emerged. First, Wernickes area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in autists than non-autists. Second, Brocas area where the components of language are integrated to produce meaningwas less active. Third, the activity of the tw
17、o areas was less synchronised. This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism. He calls it “underconnectivity theory“. It depends on h recent body of work which suggests that the brains white matter (the wiring that connects the main bodies of the nerve cells, or grey matter, toge
18、ther) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by the
19、wayside. The team chose to examine Brocas and Wernickes areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnectivity theory applies to the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and oth
20、ers are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then treatments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring. 21 Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? （ A） The smel
21、l of a peach can make an autistic person feel painful. （ B） Autistic persons have difficulty understanding their environment. （ C） The signs of autism begin to appear after the age of three. （ D） Behavioural therapies can be used to cure people of autism. 22 The paper by Dr. Just and Dr. Minshew is
22、meant to examine _. （ A） the functions of different regions of the brain （ B） the differences of autism from other disorders （ C） the brains for the origins of autism （ D） the roles of Brocas area and Wernickes area 23 The “underconnectivity theory“ attributes autism to_. （ A） disproportion of grey
23、matter （ B） imbalance of brain functions （ C） deficiency in white matter （ D） insufficiency of communication 24 The authors attitude towards Dr. Just and Dr. Minshews work can be described as_. （ A） enthusiastic support （ B） absolute neutrality （ C） slight suspicion （ D） moderate approval 25 What wi
24、ll the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss? （ A） Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons. （ B） Ways to stimulate the growth of white matter wiring. （ C） Other problems autistic persons may suffer from. （ D） Mysteries why white matter is so important. 26
25、Saudi Arabia, the oil industrys swing producer, has become its flip-flopper. In February, it persuaded OPEC to cut its total production quotas by 1m barrels per day (bpd), to 23.5m, as a precaution against an oil-price crash this spring. That fear has since been replaced by its opposite. The price o
26、f West Texas crude hit $40 last week, its highest since the eve of the first Iraq war, prompting concerns that higher oil prices could sap the vigour of Americas recovery and compound the frailty of Europes. On Monday May 10th, Ali al-Naimi, Saudi Arabias energy minister, called on OPEC to raise quo
27、tas, by at least 1.5m bpd, at its next meeting on June 3rd. Thus far, the high oil price has been largely a consequence of good things, such as a strengthening world economy, rather than a cause of bad things, such as faster inflation or slower growth. Chinas burgeoning economy guzzled about 6m bpd
28、in the first quarter of this year, 15% more than a year ago, according to Goldman Sachs. Demand was also strong in the rest of Asia, excluding Japan, growing by 5.2% to 8.1m bpd. As the year progresses, the seasonal rhythms of Americas drivers will dictate prices, at least of the lighter, sweeter cr
29、udes. Americans take to the roads en masse in the summer, and speculators are driving up the oil price now in anticipation of peak demand in a few months time. Until recently, the rise in the dollar price of oil was offset outside America and China by the fall in the dollar itself. But the currency
30、has regained some ground in recent weeks, and the oil price has continued to rise. Even so, talk of another oil-price shock is premature. The price of oil, adjusted for inflation, is only half what it was in December 1979, and the United States now uses half as much energy per dollar of output as it
31、 did in the early 1970s. But if oil cannot shock the world economy quite as it used to, it can still give it “a good kick“, warns Goldman Sachs. If average oil prices for the year come in 10% higher than it forecast, it reckons CDP growth in the Group of Seven (CT) rich nations will be reduced by 0.
32、3%, or $70 billion. The Americans are certainly taking the issue seriously. John Snow, their treasury secretary, called OPECs February decision “regrettable“, and the rise in prices since then “not helpful“. Washington pays close heed to the man at the petrol pump, who has seen the average price of
33、a gallon of unleaded petrol rise by 39 cents in the past year. And the Saudis, some mutter, pay close heed to Washington. Besides, the high oil price may have filled Saudi coffers, but it has also affronted Saudi pride. Mr. al-Naimi thinks the high price is due to fears that supply might be disrupte
34、d in the future. These fears, he says, are “unwarranted“. But the hulking machinery in the Arabian desert that keeps oil flowing round the world presents an inviting target to terrorists should they tire of bombing embassies and nightclubs. On May 1st, gunmen killed six people in a Saudi office of A
35、BB Lummus Global, an American oil contractor. Such incidents add to the risk premium factored into the oil price, a premium that the Saudis take as a vote of no confidence in their kingdom and its ability to guarantee the supply of oil in the face of terrorist threats. 26 What does the author mean b
36、y “.has become its flip-flopper“(Para. 1)? （ A） Saudi Arabia reversed its earlier decision. （ B） Saudi Arabia objected to the rise of oil price. （ C） Saudi Arabia was concerned about the world economy. （ D） Saudi Arabia wished to reduce the oil production. 27 It is implied in the second paragraph th
37、at _. （ A） high oil price sometimes results from inflation or slow growth （ B） Chinas growth has contributed to the rise of oil price （ C） Japans demand of oil declined in the past months （ D） economy has much to do with the swing of oil price 28 By “a good kick“, Goldman Sachs suggests that_. （ A）
38、U.S. currency is exerting a positive influence over oil price （ B） another oil-price shock is inevitable given its continuing rise （ C） the rise of oil price could affect world economy negatively （ D） Goldman Sachs remained optimistic about the situation 29 John Snows remarks are mentioned in the te
39、xt to show_. （ A） his reluctance to get involved （ B） Americans concern about the issue （ C） Washingtons hatred of the man at the pump （ D） his attitude towards the Saudi decision 30 The main concern of the last paragraph is_. （ A） the hurt of Saudi pride （ B） the possible disruption of oil supply （
40、 C） the next target of terrorists （ D） the attack on an American oil contractor 31 The “MyDoom“ virus could presage a generation of computer attacks by organised gangs aiming to extract ransoms from online businesses, experts said yesterday. The warning came as the website run by SCO, a company that
41、 sells Unix computer software, in effect disappeared from the web under a blizzard of automated attacks from PCs infected by the virus, which first appeared a week ago. The “myDoom-A“ version of the virus is reckoned to be the worst to have hit the internet, in terms of the speed of its spread, with
42、 millions of PCs worldwide believed to be infected. Such “zombie“ machines begin to send out hundreds of copies of the virus every hour to almost any e-mail address in their files. On Sunday they began sending automated queries to SCOs website, an attack that will continue until 12 February. The att
43、ack is the web equivalent of ringing the companys doorbell and running away a million times a second, leaving its computers unable to deal with standard requests to view its pages. “You have to wonder about the time limit,“ said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at the antivirus company So
44、phos. “Someone could go to SCO after the 12th and say, If you dont want this to happen again, here are our demands.“ Raimund Genes, European president of the security software firm Trend Micro, said: “Such a programme could take out any major website on the internet. Its not terrorism, but it is som
45、ebody who is obviously upset with SCO.“ SCO has earned the enmity of computer users through a lawsuit it has filed against IBM. SCO claims ownership of computer code it says IBM put into the free operating system Linux, and is demanding licence fees and damages of $1bn. Mr. Cluley said: “It might be
46、 that whoever is behind this will say to SCO, if you dont want the next one to target you, drop the lawsuit.“ SCO has offered $250,000( 140,000) for information leading to the arrest of the person or people who wrote and distributed MyDoom. Nell Barrett, of the security company Information Risk Mana
47、gement, said, “I would give a lot of credence to the idea of gangs using viruses to extort money. Its hard for law enforcement to track them down, because theyre using machines owned by innocent people.“ A second variant of MyDoom will start attacking part of Microsofts website later today. The anti
48、virus company MessageLabs said it had blocked more than 16 million copies of the virus in transit over the net so far. But millions more will have reached their targets. 31 The onset of a new generation of computer attacks was marked by _. （ A） an organization of gangs （ B） the infection of PCs （ C）
49、 the sale of a software （ D） a websites vanishing 32 What does the word “they“ (Para. 4) refer to? （ A） organized gangs. （ B） PCs infected. （ C） copies of the virus. （ D） their files. 33 It can be inferred from the text that the purpose of the attack could be_. （ A） to render the doorbell of the company useless （ B） to prevent those nonstandard requests to visit （ C） to make some demands of the company （ D） to
