1、考研英语模拟试卷 184及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and the marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most Ame
2、rican marriages, particularly first marriages (1)_ young couples, are the result of (2)_ attraction and affection (3)_ than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin (4)_ in high school and usually find mates through their ow
3、n academic and social (5)_. Though young people feel (6)_ to choose their friends from (7)_ groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is (8)_ in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually (9)_ choices by (10)_ disapproval of someone
4、 they consider unsuitable. (11)_, marriages between members of different groups(interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater (12)_ of todays youth and the fact that they are restricted by (13)_ prejudices than their parents. Many young people lea
5、ve their hometowns to attend college, (14)_ in the armed forces (15)_ pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (16)_ to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither (17)_ nor shocking. Interfaith ma
6、rriages are (18)_ the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (19)_ a family. Marriages between people of different national (20
7、)_ (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace since colonial times. （ A） linking （ B） involving （ C） connecting （ D） correlating （ A） personal （ B） emotional （ C） mutual （ D） magnetic （ A） more （ B） less （ C） rather （ D） other （ A） dating （ B） appointment （ C） engagement （ D） matching （
8、A） position （ B） association （ C） contacts （ D） contract （ A） certain （ B） embarrassed （ C） hesitated （ D） free （ A） similar （ B） identical （ C） differential （ D） diverse （ A） for （ B） likely （ C） due （ D） because （ A） influence （ B） give （ C） make （ D） offer （ A） sounding （ B） avoiding （ C） expecti
9、ng （ D） voicing （ A） Moreover （ B） However （ C） Therefore. （ D） Furthermore （ A） mobility （ B） motive （ C） moral （ D） mission （ A） less （ B） rather （ C） fewer （ D） many （ A） work （ B） serve （ C） stay （ D） remain （ A） but （ B） otherwise （ C） likewise （ D） or （ A） probable （ B） likely （ C） reluctant （
10、 D） readily （ A） rare （ B） scarce （ C） seared （ D） relieved （ A） in （ B） at （ C） on （ D） for （ A） raise （ B） obtain （ C） crow （ D） unite （ A） origin （ B） source （ C） resource （ D） base Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (4
11、0 points) 21 Prices are sky-high, with profits to match. But looking further ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy. “The time when we could count on cheap oil and even cheaper natural gas is clearly ending.“ That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave OR
12、eilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen gathered for a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuelas President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the sentiment: “The world should forget about cheap oil.“ The surge in oil prices, from $10 a barrel in 1998 to above $50 in early
13、 2005, has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher prices. But whenever a “new era“ in oil is hailed, skepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical business in which prices habitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs OReilly and Chavez, pointi
14、ng to intriguing evidence of a new “price floor“ of $30 or perhaps even $40. Confusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubble that could burst quite suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar? And
15、 what could keep it high? To make matters more complicated, there is in fact no such thing as a single “oil price“: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at different prices. When newspapers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North
16、Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI). But when ministers from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of heavier cartel crudes, which trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of W
17、TI The recent volatility in prices is only one of several challenges facing the oil industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits, this survey will argue that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource national
18、ism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves. This is essential to replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond to efforts by governments to deal with oils serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges
19、could yet wipe out the oil majors. 21 Dave OReilly and Hugo Chavez be have that_. （ A） prices of oil and natural gas are very high （ B） prices of oil and natural gas will not go down （ C） oil and natural gas will keep sustained high prices （ D） the world has forgotten about cheap oil 22 Judging from
20、 Paragraph 3, we may infer that oil prices will_. （ A） enter into a “new era“ （ B） reach a new “price floor“ （ C） get to a new high （ D） be hard to predict 23 According to the passage “West Texas Intermediate“ (Para. 4) refers to_. （ A） an oil industry （ B） an oil company （ C） a government organizat
21、ion （ D） a kind of crude oil 24 In the authors opinion, the key to oil price is_. （ A） energy crisis （ B） dozens of varieties of crude trading （ C） several challenges facing the oil industry （ D） the rise of resource nationalism 25 What is the tone of the passage? （ A） Humorous. （ B） Indifferent. （
22、C） Serious. （ D） Anxious. 26 Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbias rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different; The fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia,
23、 Bryan Williams, have just examined separately why 1.3m sockeye salmon mysteriously “disappeared“ from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians. In 200
24、4, only about 524,000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor sci
25、entific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the departments reform. In vain: its senior officials are “in denial“ about its failings, said the committee. Mr. Williams report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on t
26、he Fraser river is “rampant and out of control“, with “no-go“ zones where fisheries officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members
27、of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed. Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canadas constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, th
28、e DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough. Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians. On
29、April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licenses, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on
30、treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr. Regan said his department would spend this year consulting “stakeholders“ (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations access to fisheries. 26 T
31、he “explosive conflict“ in Paragraph 1 refers to_. （ A） salmons return to spawn and its survival （ B） the fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and Bryan Williams （ C） the struggle between sockeye salmon and human beings （ D） the collision between salmons Survival and human fishery 27 The
32、number of salmon every spring in British Columbias rivers four years earlier is_. （ A） 1.3 million （ B） about 524,000 （ C） about 1,824,000 （ D） above 2,000,000 28 Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease of salmon according to Mr Williams? （ A） High water temperatures. （ B） Shocking
33、 twist. （ C） Illegal fishing. （ D） Officials failings. 29 Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister is most probably going to_. （ A） responding to two previous reports （ B） proposing a new quota system for fishing licences （ C） consulting natives, commercial and sport fishermen （ D） keeping a bala
34、nce between conservation, enforcement and fisheries 30 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） Where Have the Salmon Gone? （ B） How to Protect the Salmon? （ C） Environment and Fishery （ D） The Survival of Salmon and the Rights of First Nations 31 Asias real boat-rocker is a growing China, not J
35、apan, a senior American economist observed. There is so much noise surrounding and emanating from the worlds miracle economy that it is becoming cacophonous. In Washington, DC, the latest idea is that China is becoming too successful, perhaps even dangerously so: while Capitol Hill resounds with com
36、plaints of trade surpluses and currency manipulation, the Pentagon and sundry think-tanks echo to a new drumbeat of analysts worrying about Chinas 12.6% annum rise in military spending and about whether it might soon have the ability to take pre-emptive military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it.
37、So it may be no coincidence that for three consecutive weekends the streets of big Chinese cities have been filled with the sounds of demonstrators marching and rocks being thrown, all seeking to send a different message: that Japan is the problem in Asia, not China, because of its wanton failure to
38、 face up to its history; and that by cozying up to Japan in security matters, America is allying with Asias pariah. Deafness is not the only risk from all this noise. The pressure towards protectionism in Washington is strong, and could put in further danger not only trade with China but also the wi
39、der climate for trade liberalization in the D0ha round of the World Trade Organization(WTO). So far words have been the main weapons used between China and Japan, but there is a chance that nationalism in either or both countries could lead the governments to strike confrontational poses over their
40、territorial disputes in the seas that divide them, even involving their navies. And the more that nationalist positions become entrenched in both countries but especially China, the more that street protests could become stirred up, perhaps towards more violence. A revaluation of the yuan, as demand
41、ed in Congress, would not re-balance trade between America and China, though it might help a little, in due course. A “sincere“ apology by Japan for its wartime atrocities might also help a little, but it would not suddenly turn Asias natural great-power rivals into bosom buddies. All these issues a
42、re complex ones and, as is often the case in trade and in. historical disputes, finding solutions is likely to be far from simple. 31 From the first paragraph we may see that Americas attitude towards Chinas success is_. （ A） friendly （ B） hostile （ C） objective （ D） prejudiced 32 Judging from the c
43、ontext, the word “think-tanks“(Para.2) probably means_. （ A） tanks that can think as human beings （ B） an institute or group organized for interdisciplinary research （ C） a group of authoritative people （ D） scholars and professional men 33 What is the reason for the demonstrations in the streets of
44、 big Chinese cities? （ A） China takes military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it, （ B） Japan is the problem in Asia, not China. （ C） Japan is unwilling to face up to its history. （ D） America is allying with Asias pariah. 34 How will the territorial disputes between China and Japan be settled acco
45、rding to the author? （ A） By words and negotiations. （ B） With their navies. （ C） Through more violence. （ D） By means beyond his knowledge. 35 Whats the authors attitude towards Asian matters? （ A） Extreme. （ B） Prejudicial. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Neutral. 36 It has been a wretched few weeks for Am
46、ericas celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At B
47、oeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ag
48、o, when Hewlett-Packard(HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of WorldCom could well spend the rest of his life behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges. In different ways, each of these examples appears to
49、point to the same welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woo is a sis of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these cases is an example
