1、考研英语模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 As human children are unusually dependent far an unusually long time, its obvious that every society must provide a domestic contex
2、t in which the children are brought up and educated. In present-day English, the word “family“ has two meanings: firstly, the (1)_ group of parents and children; and secondly, a (2)_ of relations who might be expected to (3)_ at a wedding or a (4)_. At the first level, my brothers and sisters and my
3、self are all in the same (5)_ as children, but in different ones as parents; but at the second (6)_, were all in the same family from start to finish. As nuclear families become more (7)_, families of relations become more dispersed (分散 ). The young mother can still talk to her Mum on the phone, but
4、 she cant ask her to (8)_ for a few minutes to watch the baby. Ideas about the (9)_ of women have been changing: wives are thought to be the (10)_ of their husbands rather than their (11)_. But perhaps theyre more (12)_ enslaved to their children than before. The point is that there doesnt seem to b
5、e any (13)_. There is a genuine (14)_ between the right of the woman to be treated as a free and self-respected (15)_, and the right of the child to demand care and (16)_ We have created for ourselves three (17)_: social equality of men and women; (18)_ of the marriage; and lifelong love and (19)_ b
6、etween parents and children. However, we have (20)_ a social system in which its quite impossible for these factors to co-exist. （ A） permanent （ B） rigid （ C） casual （ D） domestic （ A） parade （ B） network （ C） collection （ D） framework （ A） turn up （ B） turn about （ C） turn in （ D） turn over （ A） p
7、arliament （ B） setting （ C） funeral （ D） troop （ A） conference （ B） family （ C） organization （ D） procedure （ A） trend （ B） union （ C） access （ D） level （ A） adequate （ B） challenged （ C） isolated （ D） excessive （ A） drop in （ B） drop on （ C） drop away （ D） drop off （ A） personality （ B） status （ C）
8、 alternative （ D） career （ A） companions （ B） opponents （ C） sponsors （ D） reporters （ A） principals （ B） rivals （ C） slaves （ D） neighbors （ A） flexibly （ B） highly （ C） presently （ D） thoroughly （ A） solution （ B） evolution （ C） fiction （ D） location （ A） fuss （ B） clash （ C） hesitation （ D） pause
9、 （ A） resident （ B） volunteer （ C） individual （ D） specialist （ A） growth （ B） permission （ C） response （ D） attention （ A） miracles （ B） obstacles （ C） ideals （ D） sensations （ A） glamour （ B） permanence （ C） management （ D） reservation （ A） cooperation （ B） distinction （ C） tension （ D） acquisitio
10、n （ A） modified （ B） predicted （ C） selected （ D） created Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 If you see a diamond ring on the fourth finger of a womans left hand, you probably know what it means: in America,
11、 this has long been the digit of choice for betrothal jewelry, and the lore of the trade traces the symbolism back to ancient times. But if you see a diamond ring on the fourth finger of a womans right hand, you may or may not know that it signifies an independent spirit, or even economic empowermen
12、t and changing gender mores. “A lot of women have disposable income,“ Katie Couric said recently on the “Today“ show after showing viewers her Change right-hander. “Why wait for a man to give her a diamond ring?“ This notion may be traced back, approximately, to September. Thats when the Diamond Inf
13、ormation Center began a huge marketing campaign aimed at articulating the meaning of right-hand rings-and thus a rationale for buying them. “Your left hand says we,“ the campaign declares. “Your right hand says me.“ The positioning is brilliant: the wearer may be married or unmarried and may buy the
14、 ring herself or request it as a gift. And while it can take years for a new jewelry concept to work itself thoroughly into the mainstream, the tight-band ring already has momentum. At the higher end of the scale, the jewelry maker Kwiat, which supplies stores like Saks, offers a line of Kwiat Spiri
15、t Rings that can retail for as much as $5,000, and “were selling it faster than were manufacturing it,“ says Bill Gould, the companys chief of marketing. At the other end of the stale, mass-oriented retailers that often take a wait-and-see attitude have already jumped on the bandwagon. Firms like Kw
16、iat were given what Gould calls “direction“ from the Diamond information Center about the new rings attributes-multiple diamonds in a north-south orientation that distinguishes it from the look of an engagement ring, and so on. But all this is secondary to the newly minted meaning. “The idea,“ Morri
17、son says, “is that beyond a trend, this could become a sort of cultural imperative.“ A tall order? Well, bear in mind that “a diamond is forever“ is not a saying handed down from imperial Rome. It was handed down from an earlier generation of De Beers marketers. Joyce Jonas, a jewelry appraiser and
18、historian, notes that De Beers, in the 40s and 50s, took advantage of a changing American class structure to turn diamond rings into an (attainable) symbol for the masses. By now, Jonans observes, the stone alone “is just a commodity“. And this, of course, is what makes its invented significance mor
19、e Crucial than ever. 21 A diamond ring on the fourth finger of a womans left hand suggests that_. （ A） she is married （ B） she is engaged （ C） she may choose her jewelry （ D） she has independent spirit 22 Your right hand says me(Para. 2) implies that_. （ A） the wearer may be married or unmarried （ B
20、） the wearer of the right-hand ring is independent （ C） the woman has the right-hand ring as a gift （ D） the wearer of the tight-hand ring is a self-centered woman 23 Judging from Bill Goulds remarks in Paragraph 3, we may infer that_. （ A） Kwiat has a large supply of jewelry （ B） Kwiat Spirit Rings
21、 are too expensive （ C） Kwiat can hardly meet with the demands from the consumers （ D） consumers keep a wait-and-see attitude towards the jewelry 24 According to the author, “a diamond is forever“ is_. （ A） a sort of cultural tradition （ B） a saying handed down from imperial Rome （ C） a false symbol
22、 for the masses （ D） a saying of made-up significance 25 The best title of the passage may be_. （ A） The Right-hand Diamond Ring （ B） Who Wears the Right-hand Diamond Ring? （ C） The Right-hand Rings Momentum （ D） A Tall Order for Jewelry 26 When they were children, Terri Schiavos brother Bobby accid
23、entally locked her in a suitcase. She tried so hard to get out that the suitcase jumped up and down and screamed. The scene predicted, horribly, how she would end, though by that stage she had neither walked nor talked for more than 15 years. By the time she finally died on March 31st, her body had
24、become a box out of which she could not escape. More than that, it had become a box out of which the United States government, Congress, the president, the governor of Florida and an army of evangelical protestors and bloggers would not let her escape. Her life, whatever its quality, became the prop
25、erty not merely of her husband (who had the legal right to speak for her) and her parents (who had brought her up), but of the courts, the state, and thousands of self-appointed medical and psychological experts across the country. The chief difference between her case and those of Karen Quinlan and
26、 Nancy Cruzan, much earlier victims of Persistent Vegetative State (PVS), was the existence of the internet. When posted videotapes showed Mrs. Schiavo apparently smiling and communicating with those around her, doctors called these mere reflex activity, but to the layman they seemed to reveal a hum
27、an being who should not be killed. On March 20th, a CAT scan of Mrs. Schiavos brain-the grey matter of the cerebral cortex more or lass gone, replaced by cerebrospinal fluid-was posted on a biog. By March 29th, it had brought 390 passionate and warring responses. All this outside interference could
28、only exacerbate the real, cruel dilemmas of the case. After a heart attack in February 1990, when she was 26, Mrs. Schiavos brain was deprived of oxygen for five minutes and irreparably damaged. For a while, her family hoped she might be rehabilitated. Her husband Michael bought her new clothes and
29、wheeled her round art galleries, in case her brain could respond. By 1993, he was sure it could not, and when she caught an infection he did not want her treated. Her parents disagreed, and claimed she could recover. From that point the family split, and litigation started. Each side, backed by legi
30、ons of supporters, accused the other of money-grubbing and bad faith. A Florida court twice ordered Mrs. Schiavos feeding tube to be removed and Jeb Bush, the governor of Florida, overruled it. The final removal of the tube, on March 18th, was followed by an extraordinary scene, in the early hours o
31、f March 21st, when George Bush signed into law a bill allowing Mrs. Schiavos parents to appeal yet again to a federal court. But by then the courts, and two-thirds of Americans, thought that enough was enough. On March 24th the Supreme Court declined to hear the case. 26 The first paragraph implies
32、that_. （ A） Terri Schiavo had a miserable childhood （ B） Terri Schiavo had a vicious brother Bobby （ C） an accidental event indicates Terri Schiavos horrible ending （ D） Terri Schiavo is an unfortunate woman 27 In the sentence “More than that, it had become a box.“(Line 1, Para. 2), “it“_. （ A） refe
33、rs to Terri Schiavos life （ B） refers to Terri Schiavos body （ C） is used for emphasis （ D） is used as anticipatory subject 28 Whats doctors opinion on Mrs. Schiavos case? （ A） She is lifeless. （ B） She is conscious. （ C） She shows sign of life. （ D） Her brain shows the sign of life. 29 The cruel di
34、lemmas of Schiavos case has in_. （ A） a heart attack in February 1990 （ B） her brain deprived of oxygen for five minutes （ C） an infection she caught 3 years later （ D） the disagreement between her parents and her husband on her treatment 30 From the last paragraph we may infer that on Schiavos case
35、_. （ A） the Florida court and the governor of Florida are in the same opinion （ B） George Bush stands on the side of Mrs. Schiavos husband （ C） two-thirds of Americans support Mrs. Schiavos parents （ D） the Supreme Court has the final say 31 By the 1950s and 60s “going for Chinese“ had become part o
36、f the suburban vernacular. In places like New York City, eating Chinese food became intertwined with the traditions of other ethnic groups, especially that of Jewish immigrants. Many Jewish families faithfully visited their favorite Chinese restaurant every Sunday night. Among the menus in the exhib
37、ition are selections from Glatt Wok: Kosher Chinese Restaurant and Takeout in Monsey, N.Y., and Wok Toy in Cedarhurst, N.Y. Until 1965 Cantonese-speaking immigrants, mainly from the county of Toisan, dominated the industry and menus reflected a standard repertory of tasty but bland Americanizations
38、of Cantonese dishes. But loosening immigration restrictions that year brought a flood of people from many different regions of China, starting “authenticity revolution,“ said Ed Schoenfeld, a restaurateur and Chinese food consultant. Top chefs who were trained in spicy and more unusual regional spec
39、ialties, like Hunan and Sichunan cooking, came to New York then, Mr. Schoenfeld said. President Richard M. Nixons trip to China in 1972 awakened interest in the country and accounts of his meals helped whet diners appetites for new dishes. An illustration of a scowling Nixon with a pair of chopstick
40、s glares down from the wall at the exhibition. Hunan and Sichuan restaurants in New York influenced the taste of the whole country, Mr. Schoenfeld said. Dishes like General Tsos chicken and crispy orange beef caught on everywhere. But as with the Cantonese food before it, Mr. Schoenfeld said, the co
41、oking degraded over time, as it became mass produced. Todays batter-fried, syrup-laden version of Chinese food, he said, bears little resemblance to authentic cuisine. The real explosion of Chinese restaurants that made them ubiquitous came in the 1980s, said Betty Xie, editor of Chinese Restaurant
42、News. “Now you see there are almost one or two Chinese restaurants in every town in the United States,“ she said. There are signs that some have tired of Chinese food. A 2004 Zagat survey showed that its popularity has ebbed somewhat in New York City. But the journey of the Chinese restaurant remain
43、s the story of the American dream, as experienced by a constant but evolving stream of Chinese immigrants who realized the potential of 12-hour days, borrowed capital and a willingness to cook whatever Americans wanted. Sales margins are tight, and wages are low. Restaurants are passed from one fami
44、ly member to the next, or sold by one Chinese family to another. Often a contingency written into Sales contracts is that the previous owners train the new owners. “The competition in Chinese communities is cutthroat,“ Mr. Chen, the co-curator, said. “What people realize is you can make much, much b
45、etter profit in places like Montana.“ 31 From the first paragraph we know that by the 1950s and 60s Chinese food was a favorite of_. （ A） the suburban dwellers （ B） New Yorkers （ C） ethnic immigrants （ D） Jewish immigrants 32 What is the factor that contributes to “authenticity revolution“? （ A） The
46、 arrival of Cantonese-speaking immigrants. （ B） Bland Americanizations of Cantonese dishes. （ C） Relaxed control over immigration restrictions. （ D） Great number of people from different regions of China 33 All the following helped the explosion of Chinese restaurants in the U.S. EXCEPT_. （ A） Presi
47、dent Richard M. Nixons trip to China （ B） Hunan and Sichuan dishes （ C） General Tsos chicken and crispy orange beef （ D） Todays batter-fried, syrup-laden version of Chinese food 34 According to the author, Chinese food in New York City_. （ A） is on the decline （ B） remains the story of the American
48、dream （ C） serves stream of Chinese immigrants （ D） supplies whatever Americans wanted 35 Judging from the context, “cutthroat“ in the last paragraph may be replaced by_. （ A） killer （ B） murderer （ C） very cruel （ D） dangerous 36 It vanished in 2002, a result of a bad fall. As my neurosurgeon expla
49、ined, when my head hit the ground, my brain sloshed around, which smashed delicate nerve endings in my olfactory system. Maybe theyll repair themselves, she said (in what struck me as much too casual a tone), and maybe they wont. If I had to lose something, it might as well have been smell; at least nothing about my personality or my memory had changed, as can happen with head trauma. So
