1、考研英语模拟试卷 187及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual ma
2、rriage (1)_ in the United States-about 9 new marriages for every 1, 000 people-is (2)_ higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is (3)_ as widespread as it was several decades ago. (4)_ of American adults who are married (5)_ from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 200
3、2. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried (6)_ their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some (7)_ in their lives. Experts (8)_ that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry. The timing of marriage
4、has varied (9)_ over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the (10)_ of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry (11)_ the first time at an average of five years later than people (12)_ in the 1950
5、s. (13)_, young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous (14)_ in U.S. history. Todays later age of marriage is (15)_ the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. (16)_, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before (17)_. Exp
6、erts do not agree on (18)_ the “marriage rush“ of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a (19)_ to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic (20)_ and war. （ A） ratio （ B） rate （ C） percentage （ D） poll （ A） potentiall
7、y （ B） intentionally （ C） substantially （ D） randomly （ A） not any longer （ B） no more （ C） not any more （ D） no longer （ A） The proportion （ B） A proportion （ C） The number （ D） A number （ A） deteriorated （ B） declined （ C） deduced （ D） demolished （ A） past （ B） passing （ C） throughout （ D） through
8、 （ A） period （ B） level （ C） point （ D） respect （ A） project （ B） plan （ C） promise （ D） propose （ A） unexpectedly （ B） irregularly （ C） flexibly （ D） consistently （ A） time （ B） year （ C） stage （ D） age （ A） at （ B） in （ C） of （ D） for （ A） do （ B） did （ C） marry （ D） married （ A） Besides （ B） Howe
9、ver （ C） Whereas （ D） Nevertheless （ A） descendants （ B） ascendants （ C） generation （ D） population （ A） in line with （ B） according to （ C） based on （ D） caused by （ A） Moreover （ B） Likewise （ C） Similarly. （ D） Therefore （ A） and after （ B） or after （ C） ever since （ D） or since （ A） why （ B） how
10、 （ C） when （ D） what （ A） refusal （ B） realization （ C） reality （ D） response （ A） repression （ B） aggression （ C） depression （ D） restriction Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 People in business can use fo
11、resight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in comp
12、uter graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with foresight might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability
13、 of skilled workers in the region. The publics changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead. Peo
14、ple in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology. Even at the community level, foresight is critical: School officials, for example,
15、need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop. Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the mili
16、tary, when the post-World War II atomic age made it critical to “think about the unthinkable“ and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank “) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. securi
17、ty. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future. The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systemati
18、cally at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events (sudden developments or one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shifts in such things as population, land use, technology, and governmental systems). Using these techniques and many others, futurists now can tell us many
19、 things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continuing expansion in the worlds population. Other events are viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely important if they do occur, such as an asteroid colliding with the planet. 21 Correctly exercising f
20、oresight is shown in the case of_. （ A） new products and services （ B） an increase in minority populations （ C） stocking more foods with ethnic tastes （ D） the appealing art museum director 22 Which of the following may be regarded as potential crises? （ A） An alarming rise in local housing prices.
21、（ B） The availability of skilled workers in the region. （ C） The lack of skilled workers in the region. （ D） The publics changing values and priorities. 23 All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT_. （ A） government administrators （ B） school officials
22、（ C） school students and teachers （ D） government planners 24 According to the text, the most important for the futurists to grasp is_. （ A） the future world （ B） the present world （ C） what is happening now （ D） the world trends 25 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） The Use of Foresight （
23、 B） How to Exercise Foresight （ C） Foresight in Business and Government （ D） The Best-known Techniques for Foresight 26 A variety of significant, attractive short-term benefits will drive the development of modern self-sufficient homes. These include security from severe weather, climate changes, an
24、d natural disasters; security from infectious diseases and related health problems; a fresh and nutritious diet; a dependable food supply; and security from global unrest. But the real benefit of Earth Homes will be the long-term sustainability of our planet. It should be no secret that the planet i
25、s experiencing unusual weather and climate abnormalities. The 10 hottest years in recorded history have all been in the last 15 years; the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. The Midwestern heat wave of 1995 killed 669 people in Chicago. In 1996, we had a season of record heat spells, and 1997
26、was the single wan nest year on record until 1998 shattered global temperature records. Record-high temperatures throughout the southern United States during the summer of 1998 forced the shutdown of Walt Disney Worlds water parks because of the threat of a viral encephalitis outbreak. The United Na
27、tions and insurers blame unusual weather for thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in damage. Many scientists agree that the emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases. These increases will enhance the greenhouse
28、 effect, resulting in warming of the earths surface. In 1990, scientists predicted that, if greenhouse gas emissions are not sharply decreased, we might experience a 1C to 3C rise in global temperatures. They suggested that we would have to cut in half our use of coal, oil, and gas in order to lower
29、 our emissions enough to maintain concentrations of greenhouse gases at the current levels. Proof of warning includes a decrease in the amount of snow that covers the Northern Hemisphere, a simultaneous decrease in Arctic sea ice, continued melting of alpine glaciers, and a rise in sea level. Rain h
30、as even been reported for the first time in Antarctica, and an ice-free patch of ocean about a mile wide has recently opened near the North Pole. Meanwhile, studies have shown that the carbon dioxide concentration in our atmosphere has been steadily increasing since 1958. Even though the rate of emi
31、ssions from fossil fuels has been reduced, concentration has risen consistently. In 1995, the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica doubled to about the size of Europe. For the first time in recorded history, the hole stretched over populated areas, exposing residents in southern Chile and Argentin
32、a to very high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Studies have shown that a 1% decrease in ozone in the stratosphere produces a 2% increase in UV radiation reaching the ground, posing more risks to humans. 26 In comparison with traditional homes the advantages of modem self-sufficient homes are_.
33、 （ A） based on short-term benefits （ B） based on the long-term sustainability （ C） free from severe weather, climate changes, natural disasters, etc. （ D） fresh and nutritious, free from global unrest 27 Which of the following suffered the greatest economic loss in the 10 hottest years? （ A） The Mid
34、western. （ B） The southern United States. （ C） Walt Disney Worlds water parks. （ D） Insurance Companies. 28 According to scientists, to keep down concentrations of greenhouse gases, we should_. （ A） stop gas emissions （ B） lower the temperature （ C） reduce the use of coal, oil, and gas （ D） cut off
35、the use of coal, oil, and gas 29 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） concentrations of greenhouse will become worse （ B） Concentrations of greenhouse will become better （ C） generally there is no rain in Antarctica （ D） the North Pole is no longer covered with ice 30 It is implied that the ozo
36、ne hole over Antarctica is_. （ A） a threat to the European people （ B） a risk to human health （ C） a hazard to southern Chile and Argentina （ D） the source of UV radiation 31 Eating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsession, especially among people with money to spend. Healthier eating-
37、and not-so-healthy eating-as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase at an ever quickening pace. Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years ahead. Consumers traveling the globe, both virtually and in reality, will be able t
38、o sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every comer of the earth at an ever-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world.
39、Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Virtually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Westin, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in locales as diverse as Singapore, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At eac
40、h stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere. This trend will gain even greater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food away as an important aspect of their own advancement. Young people will need
41、 knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, enculturation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will make its biggest inroads among the younger set. Many in the generations
42、 now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their personal plans, business acumen, and individual growth. The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Computer networking will permit chefs and others in the food industry, incl
43、uding consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypassing secondhand sources of information altogether. Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging world food trends. More and more of us are destined to operate on glob
44、al time-that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered all over the planet. Beyond the 24-hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift shopping centers open at any hour. Restaurants in the great business
45、 capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of-dawn dinners (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow. 31 From the first two paragraphs we can learn that the trend of food obsession is_. （ A） adventurous （ B） more and more po
46、pular in the world （ C） a global phenomenon （ D） sweeping up every corner of the earth 32 According to the text the trend of new culinary mosaic is most accelerated by_. （ A） globalization （ B） remote ingredients and cooking styles （ C） great international hotel chains （ D） chefs of various national
47、ities 33 Judging from context, the phrase “global cuisine“( Para. 4) probably mean_. （ A） a world of young people （ B） a world style of cooking （ C） a specific food popular in the world （ D） world foods in general 34 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） computer networking will be helpful in th
48、e food industry （ B） 24-hour supermarkets are not very common （ C） few shopping centers are three-shift open at any hour （ D） 24-hour restaurants are not in practice in the great business capitals 35 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） Eating Better and More Adventurously （ B） A Food Global
49、ization （ C） The Trend of Dining （ D） The Trend of a Kitchen Revolution 36 The telecity is a city whose life, direction, and functioning are largely shaped by telecommunications. In the twenty-first century; cities will be based more and more on an economy that is dependent on services and intellectual property. Telecommunications and information networks will define a citys architecture, shape, and character. Proximity in the tel
