1、考研英语模拟试卷 189及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With Airbus giant A380 airliner about to take to the skies, you might think planes could not get much bigger-and you would be right
2、. For a given design, it turns (1)_, there comes a point where the wings become too heavy to generate (2)_ lift to carry their own weight. (3)_ a new way of designing and making materials could (4)_ that problem. Two engineers (5)_ University College London have devised all innovative way to customi
3、ze and control the (6)_ of a material throughout its three-dimensional structure. In the (7)_ of a wing, this would make possible a material that is dense, strong and load-bearing at one end, close to the fuselage, (8)_ the extremities could be made less dense, lighter and more (9)_. It is like maki
4、ng bespoke materials, (10)_ you can customize the physical properties of every cubic millimeter of a structure. The new technique combines existing technologies in a(n) (11)_ way, It starts by using finite-element-analysis software, of the type commonly used by engineers, (12)_ a virtual prototype o
5、f the object. The software models the stresses and strains that the object will need to (13)_ throughout its structure. Using this information it is then (14)_ to calculate the precise forces acting on millions of smaller subsections of the structure. (15)_ of these subsections is (16)_ treated as a
6、 separate object with its own set of forces acting on it-and each subsection (17)_ for a different microstructure to absorb those local forces. Designing so many microstructures manually (18)_ be a huge task, so the researchers apply an optimization program, called a genetic algorithm, (19)_. This u
7、ses a process of randomization and trial-and-error to search the vast number of possible microstructures to find the most (20)_ design for each subsection. （ A） off （ B） out （ C） away （ D） in （ A） many （ B） much （ C） enough （ D） necessary （ A） But （ B） And （ C） Or （ D） Yet （ A） find （ B） discover （
8、C） get over （ D） get around （ A） of （ B） at （ C） in （ D） from （ A） properties （ B） nature （ C） qualities （ D） characteristics （ A） sample （ B） case （ C） condition （ D） situation （ A） while （ B） which （ C） what （ D） where （ A） easy （ B） flexible （ C） reflective （ D） compatible （ A） as （ B） since （ C）
9、 because （ D） so long as （ A） novel （ B） strange （ C） odd （ D） peculiar （ A） creates （ B） and creates （ C） creating （ D） to create （ A） stand （ B） sustain （ C） understand （ D） withstand （ A） possible （ B） impossible （ C） likely （ D） unlikely （ A） Each （ B） One （ C） Every （ D） All （ A） next （ B） then
10、 （ C） after （ D） since （ A） asks （ B） calls （ C） demands （ D） requires （ A） is to （ B） should （ C） would （ D） has to （ A） in order （ B） in place （ C） in spite （ D） instead （ A） perfect （ B） complete （ C） suitable （ D） proper Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions belo
11、w each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? Thats an easy question, you say. Wherever you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an
12、 hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is more than that. Americans see time as a very valuable resource. Maybe thats why they are fond of the expression, “Time is money.“ Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to conserve and
13、manage it. People in the U.S. often attend seminars or read books on time management. It seems they all want to organize their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners-some in electronic form-to keep track of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to squeeze more life out
14、of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best: “Do you love life.? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.“ To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other peoples time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usual
15、ly calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes
16、 past the appointed time. But they usually dont try that at work. To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock, People in other cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people dont try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time
17、 as a cycle. The rhythm of nature-from the passing of the seasons to the monthly cycle of the moonshapes their view of events. People learn to respond to their environment. As a result, they find it easier to “go with the flow“ than Americans, who like plans to be fixed and unchangeable. Even Americ
18、ans would admit that no one can master time. Time-like moneyslips all too easily through our fingers. And time-like the weather-is very haut to predict. Nevertheless, time is one of lifes most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun. 21 Why Americans are fond of the expression “Time is mon
19、ey“? （ A） Because it may be saved or spent or wasted. （ B） Because it is something we have no control over. （ C） Because it is equal to everyone. （ D） Because it is regarded as an invaluable resource. 22 Americans conserve and manage time in all the following cases EXCEPT_. （ A） they often attend se
20、minars or read books on time management （ B） they all want to organize their time better （ C） they keep track of appointments and deadlines （ D） people do all they can to squeeze more life out of their time 23 The early American hero Benjamin Franklin is cited as_. （ A） an example of squeezing more
21、life out of his time （ B） a man who loves life （ C） a summary of the above statement （ D） a warning to the American people 24 Which of the following is NOT true as regards punctuality in America? （ A） Never 30 minutes later than the appointed time in any case. （ B） An apology for more than 10 minute
22、s late to an appointment. （ C） Calling ahead to let others know of the delay. （ D） Being exactly on time at work. 25 To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock, which is shown in the fact that_. （ A） they value relationships more than schedules （ B） they dont try to control time （ C） they view t
23、ime as a cycle （ D） they like plans to be fixed and unchangeable 26 Successful businesses tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past wont necessarily work in the future. In order t
24、o thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that arent creative about their future may not survive. Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful
25、man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now hes scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of
26、Microsoft. Heres what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: “Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to three-year time frame, I dont think anyone can say with a straight face that any te
27、chnology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And thats totally honest.“ You may remember that in 1985 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the beat-selling toy on the market. But after Coleco Industries introduced their sensatio
28、nal line of dolls they became complacent and didnt create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988. The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvent themselves accordingly. The 3M Company has a 15%
29、rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire. Its no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902. Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last years model of success and build a new one. Heres a familiar analogy to explain why
30、 they are lulled into complacency. Imagine that your business is like a pet of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters dont realize theyre being cooked because the process is se gradual. As a result, they become complacent and di
31、e without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that its in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status. 26 Judgin
32、g from the context, “to keep your head above water“(Para. 1) probably means_. （ A） to be drown （ B） to keep away from danger （ C） to keep out of financial difficulty （ D） to protect you from water 27 Why is Gates now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft? （ A） Because he is the richest, m
33、ost successful man on the planet. （ B） Because his company will be replaced tomorrow. （ C） Because in a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. （ D） Because he doesnt think that any technology company has a guaranteed position. 28 Coleco Industries case suggests that_. （ A）
34、 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market （ B） the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were sensational line of dolls （ C） complacency and lack of creation will ultimately ruin a business （ D） the most successful businesses survive in the long term 29 According to this passage, the
35、3M Companys success lies in its_. （ A） constant reassessment of their situations （ B） 15% rule （ C） reinvention （ D） being around since 1902 30 By using the analogy of “throwing a lobster into a pot“, the author tries to imply that_. （ A） some managers are really foolish people （ B） its cruel to coo
36、k lobsters （ C） people are tend to become complacent （ D） bad environment calls for immediate action 31 My inspiration is my grandmother, whos still alive at 96. She raised me from the time I was 8 on a dairy farm in Wisconsin. In another era she could have done what I do, although I didnt know what
37、 a CEO was then. Im a real go-getter and dont know any other way. I tell my 12-year-old daughter, if you have a test, why not try for an A? I dont believe in half doing something. In my career, the biggest shock came in my 20s. I loved my job as a field systems analyst at 3M, and wanted my first man
38、agers job at headquarters. They even told me I was the best candidate, totally qualified. Then they told me, “Its not possible because youre a woman.“ I was so shocked that I quit. I had this feeling of being totally blown away as I crawled back to Atlanta. I preach to people: there are no bad bosse
39、s. You learn how not to treat people. My worst boss was full of himself and wanted to micromanage. The man didnt have a complimentary bone in his body. I still have my performance review he wrote in small anal print. It was winter in Minnesota. I didnt want to drive. I was out the door at 5 p.m. bec
40、ause the bus left the front door at 5:06. He put that down in my review how fast I was out the door. It didnt matter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7. Later, when I switched companies. I attended an off-site strategy meeting in Florida. There was a barbecue and the meeting continued on
41、into the evening. My boss boss threw a towel across the room and said, “Clean up, Carol.“ I caught the towel, went over and scrubbed his face. Everybody in the room went “Ohhhh.“ The luckiest thing in my career is that I have a computer science degree. Doors opened wide at a time when it wasnt neces
42、sarily great for women. If I could wave a magic wand, Id have every girl pass college freshman calculus. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author_. （ A） lives in the countryside （ B） is a middle-aged man （ C） is a CEO （ D） does very well in tests 32 What is the biggest shock in
43、 the writers career? （ A） She lost her job as a field systems analyst in 1920s. （ B） She lost her grandmother who was her inspiration. （ C） She was denied the post of first manager on account of sexual discrimination. （ D） She quit after being totally blown away and crawled back home. 33 It didnt ma
44、tter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7(Para. 3) implies that_. （ A） the boss did not care if she was there at 6 or 7 oclock （ B） the boss never had a good opinion of her ever since, no matter how she tried （ C） it didnt matter in the rest of the year whether she left her work at 6 or 7 o
45、clock （ D） she stayed in that company for 6 or 7 years 34 Everybody in the room went “Ohhhh“(Para. 4) because_. （ A） the author made the room so clean and tidy （ B） the author scrubbed the face with the towel （ C） the author was too glad to obey the order （ D） the author seemed too rude with her sup
46、erior 35 According to the passage, the characteristics of the author may be described as_. （ A） Intelligent and gentle. （ B） Industrious and moderate. （ C） Stubborn and perseverant. （ D） Ambitious and enterprising 36 “Target apologizes for any discomfort,“ said a spokesman for the discount chain, “t
47、hat may have been caused by the baseball caps and shorts carrying the insignia 88.“ He explained that it was not the companys intent to promote hate. Since when does 88 mean “hate“? It turns out that some neo-Nazis have discovered that the eighth letter of the alphabet is “h“, and to them the number
48、 88 is an oh-sosecret coded symbol for “heil Hitler“. The Boston Herald recalled the days of dot-and-dash telegraphy, with its two-digit codes for common phrases, and observed that “on CB and ham radio, and at the bottom of an odd e-mail, you still run across 88 love and kisses, which no gallant wil
49、l dare use anymore to pique the interest of the YLs (young ladies) for fear theyll think he is a bug-eyed, swastika tattooed nutcake“ Fans of Chet Goulds “Dick Tracy“ strip of the 1950s will remember a piano-playing cartoon character with the musical name “88 Keys“, played by Mandy Patinkin in the 1990 movie version. It comes from the number of keys on a piano keyboard, and its symbol can be t
