1、考研英语模拟试卷 208及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 For those who regard the al-Jazeera TV channel as a biased, anti-western mouthpiece for Osama bin Laden, the announcement that it w
2、ill start broadcasting 24 hours a day in English next year will be unwelcome. Its likeliest audience is Muslims (1)_ the Middle East who do not speak Arabic. Will al-Jazeeras reports of suffering and rage in Iraq and beyond inspire anger (2)_ America and its (3)_ at home, too? The new service may pr
3、ove a bit less (4)_ than its Arabic sibling. Nigel Parsons, its managing editor, says that al-Jazeera has been too strident on (5)_ in the past, and that the English channel will (6)_ to redress that. It will strive (7)_ balance, credibility and authority, he says, and it will signal a new maturity
4、for al-Jazeera, which was started by the emir of Qatar in 1996. It will broadcast its own original content news, documentaries and talk shows(8)_ studios in Doha, London and Washington, (9)_ international news beyond the Middle East. especially the developing countries often (10)_ by existing Englis
5、h-language channels. A1-Jazeera is already enjoying a fresh burst of (11)_ outside the Middle East. Around the same time that the interim government in Iraq ordered it to shut its bureau in Baghdad, westerners started watching “Control Room“, a film sympathetic (12)_ the station directed by Jehane N
6、oujaim. At a screening in London last week an audience of local journalists laughed along (13)_ al-Jazeeras reporters and editors (14)_ the (15)_ of the American military. The biggest mystery about al-Jazeera surround its funding, which “Control Room“ sadly did not (16)_. Qatar has a new (17)_ in th
7、e world (18)_ to the station. That may be why the emir is willing to spend (19)_ an English-language channel even (20)_ the original Arabic one is probably losing money. （ A） outside （ B） inside （ C） in （ D） out （ A） on （ B） at （ C） with （ D） against （ A） enemies （ B） partners （ C） allies （ D） suppo
8、rters （ A） contentious （ B） controversial （ C） competitive （ D） competent （ A） circumstance （ B） occasion （ C） time （ D） events （ A） seek （ B） look （ C） aim （ D） search （ A） to （ B） on （ C） at （ D） for （ A） in （ B） at （ C） on （ D） from （ A） dealing （ B） containing （ C） covering （ D） involving （ A） f
9、orgotten （ B） neglected （ C） deserted （ D） disregarded （ A） interest （ B） notice （ C） appeal （ D） attention （ A） to （ B） with （ C） about （ D） on （ A） with （ B） at （ C） about （ D） to （ A） on （ B） about （ C） at （ D） in （ A） sacrifice （ B） expense （ C） cost （ D） price （ A） search （ B） research （ C） pro
10、be （ D） examine （ A） prominence （ B） fame （ C） status （ D） importance （ A） due to （ B） because of （ C） thanks to （ D） owing to （ A） in （ B） on （ C） at （ D） with （ A） that （ B） since （ C） although （ D） though Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by ch
11、oosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 William Shakespeare described old age as “second childishness“ sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the N
12、ational Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers Disease in Brescia, Italy, shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at least to a patients teens. Frontotemporal dementia is caused, as its name suggests, by damage
13、to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such “higher“ functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimers disease, a more familiar dementia that affe
14、cts the hippocampus and amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than Alzheimers. In the past five years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1,500 Alzheimers patients; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia. Two of those patients interested Dr. Frisoni.
15、 One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music
16、lover who referred to pop music as “mere noise“, started listening to the Italian pop band “883“. As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the la
17、wyers love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to. This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients, an
18、d thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal dememia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another lapse of musical taste, one woman with the disease suddenl
19、y started composing and singing country and western songs. Dr. Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brains right frontal lobe. A predominance of the ri
20、ght over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr.
21、Frisoni puts it in his article, De Gustibus Non Disputandum Est. Or, in plainer words, there is no accounting for taste. 21 For Shakespeare, old age as “second childishness“ for they have the same_. （ A） favorite （ B） memory （ C） experience （ D） sense 22 Which one is NOT a symptom of Frototemporal d
22、ementia? （ A） The loss of memory. （ B） The loss of judgment. （ C） The loss of abstract thinking. （ D） The loss of speech. 23 From the two patients mentioned in the passage, it can be concluded that_. （ A） their command of language has deteriorated （ B） their emotional attachments to friends and fami
23、ly are being lost （ C） the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new gills （ D） Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical tastes 24 The “novel“ in the last paragraph means_. （ A） historical. （ B） special （ C） story-like （ D） strange 25 From the passage, it can be inferred that_.
24、 （ A） the damage of the left frontal lobe may affect some specific neural circuit （ B） the lawyer patient has the left frontal lobe damaged （ C） the damage of the left frontal lobe decreased the appreciation of certain kinds of music （ D） every patient has the same taste 26 In Don Juan Lord Byron wr
25、ote, “Sweet is revenge especially to women“. But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers. In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as had guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R
26、.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still qui
27、etly glowed. The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. Men “expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satis
28、faction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment“, said Dr Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Welcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an i
29、mportant social function: “This type of behavior has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest“. The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior and emoti
30、ons by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging. “Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study“, said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper. Dr. Singers team
31、was simply trying to see if the study subjects degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into sex differences. To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money stra
32、tegy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to “very much like“ the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Eff
33、ectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when t
34、he subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. “When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced“. Dr. Stephan said. “The men had none at all“. Furthermore, researchers found that the brains pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishmen
35、t was meted out. The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that
36、 did not involve pain. Still, she added. “This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment“. 26 Lord Byrons words mean_. （ A） Women are crueler than men （ B） Revenge on women is sweeter （ C） Women feel sweeter with revenge th
37、an men （ D） Women love to revenge 27 According to the text, Dr. Singers attitude to male revenge impulse is_. （ A） sympathetic （ B） detached （ C） positive （ D） negative 28 According to the text, the study is originally aimed_. （ A） to show sex differences on revenge （ B） to better understand humans
38、behavior and emotions （ C） to cultivate personal likes and dislikes （ D） to see if the degree of empathy is connected with personal likes and dislikes 29 The word “infiltrated“(Para. 5) probably means_. （ A） acted （ B） mixed （ C） taught （ D） filtrated 30 Dr. Singer thinks men are more suitable to ma
39、intain justice and issue punishment than women because_. （ A） mens brains empathy centers remained dull when punishment was executed （ B） womens pleasure centers were lit up with punishment implemented （ C） men have no response when seeing punishment executed （ D） men had different experiences from
40、women 31 When, in 1976, John Midgley was awarded the CBE for telling readers of The Economist about the United States, he took particular delight in the fact that he went by bus from work to accept the decoration from Queen Elizabeth (who was staying in Blair House in Washington), and was in and out
41、 quick enough, drinking up a gin and tonic without a stop, to use the transfer ticket to go out to dinner. He was a print hack all his life, spending freely on fun and friends, but never bothering to make his name known or his wallet fatter, with books or broadcasting. The possessor of free intellig
42、ence, he was not on a soap-box, or concentrated on influencing the great and good, though he got their attention just the same. His job, he once said, “was to assist the reading public to understand what was going on“. He conveyed his liberal view of the world with great clarity but “if you cant giv
43、e people useful information, you can shut up“. He finally did shut up, just before Christmas. Midgley, born in the working-class north of England in 1911, was in military intelligence during the Second World War, trying to work out Germanys intentions. He then turned to journalism, dodging for a tim
44、e between The Economist, the (then) Manchester Guardian and the Times. as leader writer and foreign correspondent. In 1956 he landed on The Economist and, luckily for us, stayed there, until and beyond his retirement, contributing a book review days before he died. He was foreign editor for seven ye
45、ars, pulling foreign coverage together in (his own words) “a reasonably satisfactory manner“. He was a brilliant, scary teacher to a classroom of aspiring hacks, not lazily rewriting their pathetic stories but throwing them back to be redone, with advice that bums to this day. He also less brilliant
46、ly, sent Kim Philby, whom he had known at Cambridge, to string for the paper from Beirut. until the spys mask fell off and he fled to the Soviet Union. In 1963, after a bit of an upheaval at The Economist, he went off to be Washington correspondent and, from then on, everything fell into place. He e
47、xcelled at his job, lucidly explaining American affairs even to Americans themselves as well as to the rest of the world. He married Elizabeth. a producer at CBS, and they looked after each other with love and wit. Their house in north-west Washington was a warm and lovely meeting-place. His was a g
48、ood life, the second half especially. 31 John Midgley was NOT fond of_. （ A） making funs （ B） making friends （ C） making himself famous （ D） truth editing 32 He worked in all the following places at one time or another EXCEPT_. （ A） The Times （ B） Washington and CBS （ C） The Economist （ D） The Manch
49、ester Guardian 33 From the second, paragraph, we can conclude John Midgley_. （ A） didnt get any attention from anyone （ B） expressed his personal view （ C） was successful in his career （ D） gave lot of useless information 34 What does it mean by “he was not on a soap-box“ in the second paragraph? （ A） He was not showing off. （ B） He was high enough. （ C） He didnt like to stand on a soap-box. （ D） He neednt to be
