1、考研英语模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The “standard of living“ of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A coun
2、trys standard of living, (1)_, depends first and (2)_ on its capacity to produce wealth“. Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3)_ on things that money can buy. “Goods“ such as food and clothing, and “services“ such as transport and “ (4)_ “. A countrys capacity to produc
3、e wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5)_ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6)_ a great extent upon a countrys natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7)_ climate; other regions possess none of them. Ne
4、xt to natural resources (8)_ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9)_ as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10)_ wars, and (11)_ this and other reasons was (12)_ to develop her resources. (13)_ and stable political conditions, and (14)_ fr
5、om foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (15)_ by nature but less well ordered. A countrys standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (16)_ i
6、ts own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17)_, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18)_ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abr
7、oad for the agricultural products that would (19)_ be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (20)_ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. （ A） however （ B） therefore （ C） nevertheless （ D） furthermore （ A） primary （ B） pr
8、incipal （ C） foremost （ D） uniquely （ A） or （ B） nor （ C） but （ D） except （ A） recreation （ B） enlightenment （ C） refreshment （ D） entertainment （ A） it （ B） them （ C） which （ D） that （ A） with （ B） for （ C） to （ D） on （ A） neutral （ B） favorable （ C） virtuous （ D） marine （ A） comes （ B） come （ C） c
9、oming （ D） came （ A） off （ B） known （ C） done （ D） furnished （ A） military （ B） external （ C） conremporary （ D） domestic （ A） for （ B） because （ C） because of （ D） due to （ A） impossible （ B） incapable （ C） unable （ D） proficient （ A） Strong （ B） Sturdy （ C） Sound （ D） Robust （ A） liberty （ B） freed
10、om （ C） prevention （ D） liberation （ A） assisted （ B） avenged （ C） rescued （ D） served （ A） with （ B） within （ C） near （ D） around （ A） In short （ B） For example （ C） First of all （ D） On one hand （ A） those （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） likely （ B） likewise （ C） certainly （ D） otherwise （ A） pro
11、vided （ B） depended （ C） given （ D） supposed Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Like the look of our website? Whatever the answer, the chances are you made your mind up within the first twentieth of a second
12、. A study by researchers in Canada has shown that the snap decisions Internet users make about the quality of a web page have a lasting impact on their opinions. We all know that first impressions count, but this study shows that the brain can make flash judgments almost as fast as the eye can take
13、in the information. “My colleagues believed it would be impossible to really see anything in less than 500 milliseconds“, says Gitte Lindgaard of Carleton University in Ottawa. Instead they found that impressions were made in the first 50 milliseconds of viewing. Lindgaard and her team presented vol
14、unteers with the briefest glimpses of web pages previously rated as being either easy on the eye or particularly unpleasant, and asked them to rate the websites on a sliding scale of visual appeal. Even though the images flashed up for just 50 milliseconds, roughly the duration of a single frame of
15、standard television shot, their decisions tallied well with judgments made after a longer period of examination. In the crowded and competitive world of the web, companies hoping to make millions from e-commerce should take notice“. Unless the first impression is favorable, visitors will be out of y
16、our site before they even know that you might be offering more than your competitors“, Lindgaard warns. For a typical commercial website, 60% of traffic comes from search engines such as Google. This makes a users first impression even more critical. The lasting effect of first impressions is known
17、to psychologists as the “halo effect“: if you can snare people with an attractive design, they are more likely to overlook other minor faults with the site, and may rate its actual content more favorably. This is because of “cognitive bias“. People enjoy being right, so continuing to use a website t
18、hat gave a good first impression helps to “prove“ to themselves that they made a good initial decision. “Its awfully scary stuff, but the tendency to jump to conclusions is far more widespread than we realize“. These days, enlightened web users want to see a “puritan“ approach. Its about getting inf
19、ormation across in the quickest, simplest way possible. For this reason, many commercial websites now follow a fairly regular set of rules. For example, westerners tend to look at the top-left corner of a page first, so thats where the company logo should go. And most users also expect to see a sear
20、ch function in the top right. Of course, the other golden rule is to make sure that your web pages load quickly, otherwise your customers might not stick around long enough to make that coveted first impression. “That can be the difference between big business and no business“. 21 The study in the t
21、ext has shown that the first impression of a website is _ （ A） made within a period when the eyes even cannot really catch anything. （ B） not possible to be created in less than half a second. （ C） able to be made in 1/20 of a second. （ D） usually related to the articles of the website. 22 What is e
22、xtremely important for a company which wants to be competitive in the market of electronic commerce? （ A） Provide more attractive and useful information than their competitors. （ B） Have an impressive design which can appeal visitors by a flash judgment. （ C） Enable visitors to have first impression
23、 within 50 milliseconds which accord to that after a long examination. （ D） Eliminate the minor errors in the content of the website. 23 Which of the following websites is most unlikely to be successful? （ A） a website with a lot of pictures of large size. （ B） a website that puts the logo of the co
24、mpany on the top-left corner. （ C） a website which can provide a clear outline in a simple design. （ D） a website with an appearance that can make your eyes comfortable. 24 The phrase “halo effect“ (Line 3, Paragraph 5) probably means _ （ A） the effect to make people show understandings to faults an
25、d errors. （ B） the effect to bring to a good first impression to people. （ C） the effect to make people ignore small mistakes due to a fine impression. （ D） the effect to enable a website to look more beautiful. 25 Which of the following conflicts with the principle for the construction of a commerc
26、ial website? （ A） To use informative designs that visitors are accustomed to. （ B） To employ more logos and accessories to attract visitors. （ C） To choose advanced servers and networks to enable the fast loading of the webpage. （ D） To pay more attention to the impression of the website at the firs
27、t sight. 26 My dictionary defines subtle as “not immediately obvious; characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever; elusive; (even) insidious“. Let us look at some concrete instances of this. (The very word itself is an example, as the letter“ b“ is silent in pronunciation.)“ Language can be straight
28、-forward and directly to the point, but sometimes that takes the fun out of it. On occasion, at least, one appreciates subtleties often as the mark of a quick wit. This particularly is true of jokes that generally have a double meaning. For example: Awaitress received only three pennies for a tip. N
29、onplussed, she told the customer that those three pennies told a lot about him. He took the bait and asked what they revealed. “The first penny“, she said, “tells me you are thrifty“. The patron agreed. “what does the second penny say?“ asked the customer. “It tells me youre a bachelor“. “Right agai
30、n“, he replied, “And what does the third penny tell you?“ “The third penny“, responded the waitress, “tells me your daddy was a bachelor, too“. Hows that for a subtle punishment? Subtleties also can be used on occasion for a good putdown. For instance, one can say a certain man was a big gun of indu
31、stry. “Yes“, is the counter, “he was fired several times“. In this category was Mark Twains caustic time bomb: “He was a good man in the worst sense of the term“. In our day of political correctness (sometimes called the tyranny of the minority), police seldom talk about suspects, but only about“ pe
32、rsons of interest“. I guess law enforcement does not want another lawsuit on its hands. Then, too, with the campaign against fat and fried foods, Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC, figuring that few will think of “fried“ that way. The meaning of a word or phrase seems to change more rapidly to
33、day and unless one is “with it“, a faux pas (失礼 ) can be committed. Such is the case with the term, “an exceptional child“. Way back when, one would think that referred to an especially bright youngster, whereas today it indicates a handicapped youth. So, too, the word “primitive“ virtually has been
34、 erased from our language and replaced with “earlier culture“ and Indians are known as Native Americans. The world of advertising is a master at subtleties with which it hopes to bamboozle(欺骗 ) the customer. For instance, when asked how much a gallon of gasoline costs, the reply might be something l
35、ike $2.25. Yet, one must add a penny to that as a 9/10 follows the price, making it, in effect, $2.26. Cereal prices have skyrocketed over the years, but some companies claim to have held the line by keeping the price the same. What many do, however, is reduce the number of ounces in the package. I
36、leave the reader with the truism that subtlety, not brevity, is the soul of wit. Use it to win friends and influence people. 26 By saying “the letter b is silent in pronunciation“, the author wants to indicate that _ （ A） One should not omit the letter when spelling the word. （ B） This word is diffe
37、rent from other words in pronunciation. （ C） The meaning of the word can be illustrated by the word itself. （ D） The meaning of the word is implied in the word itself. 27 According to Paragraph 2, the waitress plays tricks on the patron by _ （ A） telling him the particular meanings of the three penn
38、ies. （ B） informing him a pun which is intended to insult him indirectly. （ C） using a double-meaning joke as a punishment for that few tips. （ D） explaining to him the implied meaning of the three-pennies. 28 The word “putdown“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _ （ A） a pun which can be int
39、erpreted in both positive and negative ways. （ B） a tone-twisting joke which intends to make the hearer puzzled. （ C） a response by understanding something deliberately in another way. （ D） an indirect way of saying something to make someone humiliated. 29 Which of the following has nothing to do wi
40、th political correctness? （ A） Police now seldom talk about “suspects“ but only about “persons of interest“. （ B） Burger King rebrands “Whaler“ sandwich as “Big Fish“ with the campaign “Save the Whales“. （ C） Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC with the campaign against fat and fried foods （ D）
41、An exceptional child indicates a handicapped youth and Indians are known as Native Americans. 30 We can infer from the text that the author describe the word “subtlety“ with _ （ A） ambiguity. （ B） apprehension. （ C） antipathy. （ D） approval. 31 IN 2005 Congress considered an emergency spending bill
42、that designated $81 billion for military spending and Asian tsunami relief. It passed easily. A politician would have to be mighty confident to vote against humanitarian aid and supporting the troops. But complaints have steadily grown about a law that came with the spending bill. The Real ID Act of
43、 2005 established national standards for driving licences. By 2008, it said, every state would have to make sure its licences included “physical security features“ and “a common machine readable technology“. A state would be responsible for verifying that anyone applying for licences is in America l
44、egally. Only licences that met the new standards would be accepted by the federal government. An American who wanted to fly commercially, or do anything else for which he needed to identify himself, would end up in a queue at the Department of Motor Vehicles. The idea was to make life harder for wou
45、ld-be terrorists. But the scheme will certainly make life harder for the states. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) reckons that implementing the changes will cost states up to $14.6 billion, with individuals on the line for an additional $8.5 billion. And the federal government plans to meet
46、 only a fraction of the cost. Critics also argue that the new licences will amount to national identification cards and will contain ton much information about the bearer. Immigration advocates say that the Real ID Act unfairly targets illegal immigrants. And from a security standpoint the act raise
47、s as many fears as it allays. Licences that meet the revised standards would be rich of sensitive data. They might prove irresistibly tempting to identity thieves and marketing firms. On January 25th Maine became the first state to oppose the Act. Its legislature passed a resolution refusing to impl
48、ement the Real ID Act with nearly unanimous support. On March 8th, Idaho approved a similar bill. Two dozen other states have measures pending that question the act or oppose it outright. On March 1st the DHS issued guidelines for implementing the Real ID Act that manage to ignore most of these obje
49、ctions. The guidelines allow states a bit more time to implement the act. But they give no quarter on the expensive physical security features and suggest that states deal with privacy concerns on their own. And as the National Governors Association promptly noted, they “do nothing“ to address the cost to states. 31 Which of the following consequence might be caused by the 2005 emergency spending bill? （ A） financial support to the construction of internatio
