1、考研英语模拟试卷 213及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 To the people of the Bijagos archipelago, the shark is sacred. In (1)_ ceremonies young men from these islands (2)_ the coast of Gu
2、inea-Bissau must spear a shark and present the liver to their (3)_ But can this ancient ceremony (4)_ the economic fact that a bowl of sharks fin soup can cost $150 in the Far East? In the archipelago, and all along West Africas coast, sharks are being “finned“ to (5)_ Fishermen can earn $50-80 (6)_
3、 a kilo of sharks fins, far more than ordinary fish. By the time they (7)_ the Far East, they could be (8)_ $500 a kilo or more valuable (9)_ aphrodisiacs as well as for gourmets. The high demand is (10)_ shark populations in West Africa and elsewhere. Most fish, vulnerable to (11)_ eaten by bigger
4、fish, protect their species by laying millions of eggs. But the shark has no natural enemy (12)_ man, and gives birth to just a (13)_ of young. (14)_ female harks are often caught (15)_ pregnant, the result has been predictably disastrous. Shark-like sawfish, which are also “finned“, are already vir
5、tually (16)_ off the Bijagos islands, and guitarfish are (17)_ threat. In some parts of West Africa, when sharks and other similar fish have been finned, the rest of the flesh is often (18)_, salted and exported to places like Ghana, where there is a (19)_ for lt. Dried shark is used much (20)_ a st
6、ock cube would be elsewhere. But in the Bijagos islands, where traders are uninterested in exporting dried shark, carcasses are often left to rot on the beach. （ A） beginning （ B） start （ C） initiation （ D） initial （ A） above （ B） along （ C） on （ D） off （ A） elders （ B） ancestors （ C） family （ D） re
7、latives （ A） endure （ B） live on （ C） outlast （ D） survive （ A） death （ B） die （ C） dying （ D） be died （ A） by （ B） for （ C） at （ D） from （ A） attain （ B） reach （ C） arrive （ D） achieve （ A） worthful （ B） worthwhile （ C） worthy （ D） worth （ A） as （ B） like （ C） because of （ D） for （ A） mining （ B） d
8、evastating （ C） destroying （ D） spoiling （ A） being （ B） be （ C） been （ D） is （ A） excluding （ B） besides （ C） but （ D） beside （ A） hand （ B） little （ C） few （ D） handful （ A） When （ B） Since （ C） Because （ D） As （ A） when （ B） as （ C） during （ D） whist （ A） destroyed （ B） extinct （ C） died （ D） van
9、ished （ A） in （ B） under （ C） at （ D） below （ A） parched （ B） dry （ C） drying （ D） dried （ A） demand （ B） need （ C） want （ D） request （ A） same （ B） liking （ C） as （ D） alike Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
10、21 The gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who couldnt spell trouble not only for classroom learning today, but in turn for producing the kind of students who are ready to compete for the jobs of tomorrow. By the year 2000, 60 percent of all jobs will require hi
11、gh-tech computer skills. Over the next seven years, according to Bureau of Labor statistics, computer and technology related jobs will grow by an astounding 70 percent. “We as a nation are missing the opportunity of a lifetime“, insists Riley. “The ability of all students to learn at the highest lev
12、els with the greatest resources and have the promise of a future of real opportunity-this is the potential of technology“. Riley proposes dosing the gaps in technology access by providing discounted services for schools and libraries. The 1996 Telecommunications Act called for providing all K-12 pub
13、lic and nonprofit private schools, as well as libraries, with discounts-an Education Rate, or E-Rate for telecommunication services, in May 1997, the Federal Communications Commission unanimously voted to provide $2.25 billion a year in discounts ranging from 20 to 90 percent on a sliding scale, wit
14、h the biggest discounts for the poorest schools. (The E-Rate covers Internet access and internal school connections, but not computers or software.) The first round of applications for the discounts ended in April 1998 with more than 30,000 received, in time for the beginning of the school year. Wit
15、h the E-Rate in place, it was hoped that most U.S. classrooms would be connected to the Internet (up from 44 percent now), including almost every classroom in the nations 50 largest school districts. However, criticism from Congress and the telecommunications industry led the FCC in Jurm to reduce t
16、he amount available for 1998 to $1.3 billion. Still, the importance of connecting our schools to this vast and potentially powerful learning tool called the Internet is taking hold. In a June commencement address at MIT, the first by a sitting president to be broadcast on the Internet, President Cli
17、nton firmly emphasized the need to eliminate the digital divide. “Until every child has a computer in the classroom and the skills to use it, until every student can tap the enormous resources of the Internet, until every high tech company can find skilled workers to fill its high-tech jobs, America
18、 will miss the full promise of the Information Age“, he noted. “The choice“, he said, “is simple. We can extend opportunity today to all Americans or leave me behind. We can erase lines of inequity or etch them indelibly. We can accelerate the most powerful engine of growth and prosperity the world
19、has ever known, or allow the engine to stall“. 21 In the passage, the word “spell“(Sentence 1, Paragraph 1) probably means_. （ A） name or write the letters of a word （ B） form （ C） mean （ D） solve 22 In order to get the discounts in question, the schools or libraries have to_. （ A） buy computers and
20、 software （ B） submit applications （ C） be within the 50 largest school districts （ D） be connected to the Internet 23 What would eventually happen if the gap in technology access remains unclosed? （ A） Some students would lag behind in science and math. （ B） Some students wouldnt be able to get the
21、 E-rate. （ C） Some graduates would not have the skills to use the computer. （ D） Some graduates would be at a disadvantage in finding jobs. 24 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） The Digital Divide （ B） The Necessity of Eliminating the Digital Divide （ C） How to Close the
22、Gaps in Technology （ D） Discounted Services 25 According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true? （ A） More and more jobs require high-tech computer skills. （ B） The telecommunication industry objects to providing discounted services to schools and libraries. （ C） America will miss the b
23、right future of the Information Age. （ D） Many people agree that Internet is a very important learning tool. 26 A major reason most experts today support concepts such as a youth services bureau is that traditional correctional practices fail to rehabilitate many delinquent youth. It has been estima
24、ted that as many as 70 percent of all youth who have been institutionalized are involved in new offenses following their release. Contemporary correctional institutions are usually isolated geographically and socially from the communities in which most of their inmates live. In addition, rehabilitat
25、ive programs in the typical training school and reformatory focus on the individual delinquent rather than the environmental conditions which foster delinquency. Finally, many institutions do not play an advocacy role on behalf of those committed to their care. They fail to do anything constructive
26、about the hack-home conditions-family, school, work faced by the youthful inmates. As a result, too often institutionalization serves as a barrier to the successful return of former inmates to their communities. Perhaps the most serious consequence of sending youth to large, centralized institutions
27、, however, is that too frequently they serve as a training ground for criminal careers. The classic example of the adult offender who leaves prison more knowledgeable in the ways of crime than when he entered is no less true of the juvenile committed to a correctional facility. The failures of tradi
28、tional correctional institutions, then, point to the need for the development of a full range of strategies and treatment techniques as alternatives to incarceration. Most experts today favor the use of small, decentralized correctional programs located in, or close to, communities where the young o
29、ffender lives. Half-way houses, ail-day probation programs, vocational training and job placement services, remedial education activities, and street working programs are among the community-based alternatives available for working with delinquent and potentially delinquent youth. Over and above all
30、 the human factors cited, the case for community-based programs is further strengthened when cost is considered. The most recent figures show that more $258 million is being spent annually on public institutions for delinquent youth. The average annual operating expenditure for each incarcerated you
31、th is estimated at a little over five thousand dollars, significantly more than the cost of sending a boy or girl to the best private college for the same period of time. The continuing increase in juvenile delinquency rates only serves to heighten the drastic under-financing, the lack of adequately
32、 trained staff, and the severe shortage of manpower that characterize virtually every juvenile correction system. 26 The content of this selection can best be described as_. （ A） narrative （ B） satirical （ C） expository （ D） argumentative 27 What is this passage mainly about? （ A） As to delinquent y
33、outh, decentralized correctional programs are more effective than traditional correctional practices. （ B） Correctional institutions are superior to youth services bureaus in that they centralize delinquent youth. （ C） Most delinquent youth are liable to be involved in new offences. （ D） The reason
34、why many experts prefer correctional institutions is that they succeed in rehabilitating delinquent youth. 28 Which of the following statements is false? （ A） Correctional institutions are far away from the communities in which delinquent youths inmates live. （ B） Correctional institutions fail to h
35、elp the young offender to cope with problems after they go back home. （ C） Correctional institutions are training ground for criminal careers. （ D） The rehabilitative programs in correctional institutions focus on environmental factors. 29 The word “incarceration“(Paragraph 3) probably means_. （ A）
36、imprisonment （ B） program （ C） offend （ D） crime 30 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? （ A） Drastic under-financing leads to high juvenile delinquency rates. （ B） Juvenile correction system is in urgent need of manpower as well as trained staff. （ C） Due to the high pressure and misunders
37、tanding, juvenile delinquency is on the rise. （ D） Every juvenile correction system is faced with the same problems. 31 When I was in high school, I had almost no individual identity left. I was a Hillcrest Husky and all other high schools were enemies. I was a wrestler and all the other sports were
38、 wimps. I was on the debate team and everyone else was dumb. At my high school, everyone had a group; no one was an individual. Wait, I take that back. There were a few individuals, but they were completely outcast from our social order. Never in my life can I remember stronger feelings of hate in h
39、igh school. But we never called it hate. We called it loyalty. As adults, most of us are better at being an individual than we were in high school, but the influences of group identity continue to promote competition and prejudice in our world. If you are like me, you want to avoid teaching rivalry,
40、 conflict and prejudice to your children. One possible strategy for stopping the negative influences of group identity would be: recognize and replay. Look for the prejudice in your life and replace it with charity. Treat every person as an individual and ignore the social classifications created by
41、 a group-dependent world. A good friend and I once discussed our differing religions beliefs. He identified with a certain group and I with another. Because of our dependence on group identity, our conversations revolved around the beliefs of the groups. Our individual beliefs, which were quite simi
42、lar, took a back seat while we discussed topics we knew little about. We defended our groups even when we did not understand or know the official group position on many issues. The resulting rivalry has damaged our friendship ever since. My behavior in this situation is exactly what scripture and wi
43、sdom teach us to avoid. How stupid I was to judge my friend by a group standard! How stupid I was to defend my own group even in areas I knew nothing about! I hope I can teach my children to behave differently. Here, I have used religious beliefs to point only one area in which the influence of grou
44、p identity can create problems. There are many others to consider also. Some of these are marriage, race, culture, language, geographic origin, education, and behavior. We should treat all people as individuals regardless of these conditions. Finally, loyalty and group identity are not always bad. A
45、t times, they can help a lonely person to feel loved or a broken soul to feel success. Group identity can also help us to live a higher standard. But positive peer pressure should never replace individual, one-to-one acts of service and love. 31 According to the article, _came along with group ident
46、ity. （ A） rivalry （ B） prejudice （ C） conflicts （ D） all of the above 32 According to the author _was emphasized in high school. （ A） individual identity （ B） group identity （ C） excellent ability （ D） high scores 33 Why did the author damage the friendship with his good friend? （ A） Because their g
47、roup beliefs were dissimilar. （ B） Because their group beliefs were similar. （ C） Because their individual beliefs were dissimilar. （ D） Bemuse their individual beliefs were similar. 34 The following statements are the reasons that clarify group identity are not always bad EXCEPT_. （ A） they can hel
48、p a lonely person to feel loved （ B） they can heap a broken soul to feel success （ C） they can help a person to live a higher standard （ D） they can promote competition 35 We can infer from the article that authors attitude toward group identity is_. （ A） biased （ B） fair and just （ C） subjective （
49、D） emotional 36 Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization th
