1、考研英语模拟试卷 215及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Your eye is a window on the nerves and blood vessels, revealing vital information about your entire body. An (1)_ exam starts from
2、the outside and works in. First the ophthalmologist(眼科医生 ) gauges (2)_ with the familiar wall chart and checks visual field by moving objects in and out of (3)_. A limited visual field could be the (4)_ of the high inner eye pressure of glaucoma(青光眼 )or (5)_ a tumor pressing on nerves leading from t
3、he eye. The physician also checks for infection around the lashes and notes how fast the lids follow the eyes downward. Lid lag sometimes (6)_ thyroid disease(甲状腺疾病 ). If one pupil contracts (7)_ the other doesnt, the physician is (8)_ to the fact that (9)_ a tumor or stroke, perhaps, has damaged th
4、e nerves between the eye and brain. A tumor as far away (10)_ the lung can cause capillary problems by hitting a nerve that loops through the neck. The white of the eye, tear ducts, lens and retina(视网膜 ) are checked for (11)_ of trouble. Too many white blood cells (12)_ inflammation, blood means tis
5、sue has tom or a vessel has burst, and deposits of (13)_ material can mean eye disease. The orange-red retina holds many more (14)_ for disease detection. High blood pressure may announce its (15)_ by pushing the vessels off track at their intersections. (16)_ vessel growth is a sign of diabetic ret
6、inopathy(糖尿病性视网膜病 ). Narrowed vessels may indicate (17)_ of the arteries, and damage to tiny capillaries could be a sign of early diabetes. The doctor even examines the pin-head-size hole in the back of the optic nerve on their way to the brain. (18)_ the appearance of these nerve fibers is abnormal
7、, nerve tissue may have been damaged because of intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma or the presence of a tumor. When a physician needs quick, (19)_ information about the body, the eyes have (20)_. （ A） entire （ B） intact （ C） eye （ D） informative （ A） temperature （ B） health （ C） field （ D） vi
8、sion （ A） scope （ B） limit （ C） range （ D） it （ A） result （ B） effect （ C） indication （ D） sequence （ A） with （ B） of （ C） having （ D） from （ A） illustrates （ B） illuminates （ C） points （ D） indicates （ A） but （ B） when （ C） or （ D） as （ A） alarmed （ B） warned （ C） alerted （ D） convinced （ A） anythi
9、ng （ B） everything （ C） factor （ D） something （ A） in （ B） as （ C） to （ D） till （ A） signs （ B） signals （ C） gestures （ D） symbols （ A） effect （ B） infer （ C） signify （ D） cause （ A） exotic （ B） foreign （ C） fancy （ D） strange （ A） information （ B） phenomenon （ C） materials （ D） clues （ A） presence
10、（ B） arrival （ C） news （ D） right （ A） wholesome （ B） versatile （ C） abnormal （ D） unlawful （ A） velocity （ B） hardening （ C） solidifying （ D） despair （ A） That （ B） How （ C） If （ D） But （ A） reliable （ B） trustworthy （ C） dependent （ D） grand （ A） them （ B） too （ C） many （ D） it Part A Directions:
11、Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Imagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong wit
12、h you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising, therefore, that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children conditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bou
13、nd to question the aims of education. Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can
14、 a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to
15、 get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical ad
16、vantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, e
17、verything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls dont grow
18、 up imagining that men axe romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There axe no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of ado
19、lescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a coeducational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. Whe
20、n the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women. 21 What is the best title for this passage? （ A） Only co-education can be in harmo
21、ny with society. （ B） People Are in Great Need of Co-education. （ C） Any form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply Unthinkable （ D） Co-education Has Many Features. 22 What does co-education offer to children? （ A） A society. （ B） A true small model of society. （ C） A real life. （ D） True v
22、ersion of social condition. 23 According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education? （ A） It is for students to acquire knowledge, （ B） It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology. （ C） It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in societ
23、y. （ D） It is for students to get academic achievements. 24 Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other? （ A） They live together and know each other too well. （ B） Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions. （ C） Co-education encourages them to have an heal
24、thy attitude toward life. （ D） They are familiar with each others problems. 25 We can infer from the passage that some parents send their children to receive education other than co-education, because_. （ A） Parents worry about their childrens safety （ B） Parents are afraid of their childrens being
25、involved in love affairs at an early age （ C） Parents think that these schools are perfect （ D） Parents hope that their children can acquire as much knowledge as possible 26 In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experi
26、ences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some: Plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children ea
27、ch. They are all White living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chromosome 6 (One of the 23 human chromosomes). Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 th
28、at the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high IQ group as in the average growth 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence. Plomin
29、cautions that “This is not a genius gene. It is one of many“. (About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect different life experiences.)The gene accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither nec
30、essary nor sufficient for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not. The smart gene is known by the snappy name “insulin like growth factor 2 receptor“ (IGH2R to its fun). It lets hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gen
31、e involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed play the role. Sometimes when s hormone docks with the cell, it makes the cell grow; sometimes it makes the cell commit suicide. Both responses could choreograph the development of the bra
32、in. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health find that insulin can stimulate nerves to grow. And in rat brains, regions involved in learning and memory are chock full of insulin receptors. Even though this supports the idea that IGF2R can affect the brain and hence intelligence, some genetici
33、sts see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for whats called the chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks dexterity, but all theyve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plo
34、mins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What if the gene theyve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt“. 26 As for how much of IQ comes
35、from the genes and how much come from experiences,_. （ A） scientists have reached an agreement （ B） scientists opinions vary （ C） no genes have ever been identified （ D） scientists have found many smart genes 27 A healthy person has_. chromosomes all together. （ A） 6 （ B） 23 （ C） 37 （ D） 46 28 It is
36、 found that insulin_. （ A） is IQ gene （ B） has nothing to do with IQ gene （ C） stimulates nerves to grow （ D） is decisive to the development of intelligence 29 Some geneticists dont accept the IGF2R gene-study because_. （ A） the subjects are not worldwide （ B） the subjects are from the groups that e
37、mphasize academic achievement （ C） the findings have not been replicated by other researchers （ D） both A and B 30 The phrase “with a whole box of salt“ in the last paragraph means_. （ A） skeptically （ B） willingly （ C） publicly （ D） undoubtedly 31 E-mail cant live with it, cant live without it. Con
38、 artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies-theyve all flocked to email as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one another, helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaign
39、s conducted; crimes committed-all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-harried lives. To skeptics, E-mails just the latest chapter in the evolving history of human communication. A snooping
40、 husband now discovers his wifes affair by reading her private e-mail but he could have uncovered the same sin by finding letters a generation ago. Yet E-mail and all online communication is in fact something truly different; it captures the essence of life at the close of the 20th century with an a
41、uthority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seam ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty
42、 E-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the globe spanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, then we must give E-mail the living embodiment of human c
43、onnections across the Netpride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; E-mail is both catalyst and the instrument of that change. The scope of the phenomenon is mind-boggling. Worldwide, 225 million people can spend and receive E-mail. Forget about the Web or e-commerce or even on
44、line pornography: E-mail is the Internets true killer app the software application that we simply must have, even if it means buying a $2,000 computer and plunking down $20 a month to America Online. According to Donna Hoffman, a professor of marketing at Vanderbilt University, one survey after anot
45、her finds that when online users are asked what they do on the Net, “E-mail is always No. 1.“ Oddly enough, no one planned it, and one predicted it. When research scientists first began cooking up the Internets predecessor, the Arpanet, in 1968, their primary goal was to enable disparate computing c
46、enters to share resources. “But it didnt take very long before they discovered that the most important thing was the ability to send mail around, which they had not anticipated at all“, says Eric Auman, chief technical officer of Sendmail, Inc. 31 What does the first sentence of the passage mean? （
47、A） E-mail brings convenience as well as inconvenience. （ B） E-mail complicates our lives. （ C） E-mail links us to others more closely, but at the same time, it isolates us as well. （ D） E-mail draws crowds of people who cant live with or without it. 32 Despite the vast popularity of E-mail, there ar
48、e still people who dont think much of it because_. （ A） they think as the latest invention in communication technology it hasnt reach its best （ B） they think it may be replaced by newer communication technology it does the older ways of communication （ C） they think it is no better than the older w
49、ays of communication （ D） they think its invention is one inevitable step in human evolution just like that of the older ways of communication 33 To the author E-mail is_. （ A） the authority on the acceleration of life pace （ B） the essence of life （ C） both the catalyst and the instrument of the change in human interaction （ D） the living embodiment of human connection in all areas 34 What does the word “mind-boggling“(Sentenc
